Ch. 4.1-4.7 Contracts Flashcards
The ____________ of Contracts is a set of statements reflecting generally agreed upon pronouncements of common law contract rules.
Restatement
The Restatement defines a ________ as a “promise or a set of promises for the breach of which the law gives a remedy, or the performance of which the law in some way recognizes a duty.”
contract
Contract law is concerned with enforcing promises between ________, but only those promises that the law recognizes as enforceable.
parties
An _______ contract is a promise stated in words, either oral or written.
express
The UCC governs all transactions for the sale of _____, which is defined as all things that are movable at the time of the contract.
goods
An ________ contract is a promise that is inferred from a person’s conduct or the circumstances of the transaction.
implied
A _______ is an undertaking or commitment to act or refrain from acting in a specified way in the future.
promise
When an exchange is entirely ___________ there is no contract because either party makes a promise to the other. Both parties have fully performed their obligation and no promises have been made. It is not a contract but is referred to as an _________ _______. If there is no immediate exchange, then a ______ has been formed.
instantaneous; executed exchange; contract
The person who makes a promise is the __________. The person to whom the promise is made is the ________.
promisor; promisee
When a promise or commitment will benefit someone other than the promisee - that person is referred to as a __________.
beneficiary
A _____-________ arises in the absence of a promise and thus is not a contract all all. It’s a transaction that creates a basis for recovery to prevent _______ _____________ which means a situation where one person unfairly benefits from a transaction.
quasi-contract; unjust enrichment
An action to avoid unjust enrichment is referred to as ____________. Sometimes quasi-contracts are referred to as contracts that are ______-in-law.
restitution; implied
What’s this an example of?
A, who is a doctor, is seated next to B at a restaurant. When B begins choking, A administers emergency treatment. In this case, there is no contract b/c there are no exchanged promises. A can seek to recover from B in an action for _______ ____________, based on the notion that B has unjustly benefited from the medical services performed by A and should be required to pay A. This is referred to as a ?
quasi-contract.
_____ ______ means that each part to the contract must manifest or reveal her intent to be bound to a given exchange. Some courts refer to this intent as a “meeting of the minds” to capture the notion that there must be mutual agreement about the exchange to be performed.
mutual assent
An _________ standard means that courts determine intent by analyzing how a reasonable person would construe the words and conduct of the parties, generally without considering words or actions an individual may have intended, but do not communicate.
objective standard
What are the two factors that must be shown in order to demonstrate mutual assent?
- an ______ on the part of one party and
- an ____________ on the part of the other.
offer; acceptance
The person making an offer is called the _______ and the person to whom the offer is made is the called the _______.
offeror; offeree
A preliminary negotiation is often referred to as a solicitation or ___________ to make an offer.
invitation
Once a party manifest her intent to _____ an offer, there is mutual assent and a contract can be formed. However, an offer may be ___________ prior to acceptance.
accept; terminated
If ther offeror indicates the offer must be accepted within a stated time. the offer will __________ once that time has passed.
terminate
If an offeror dies before an offer is accepted, the offer is ____________, even if the offeree is not aware of the death.
terminated
If an offeror is deemed to be ________ incompetent after an offer is made, then the offer is terminated, if acceptance has not occurred before the offeror is judged to be incompetent.
mentally
Once acceptance occurs, an offeror’s death or mental incompetence [does/does not] negate the contract.
does not
An offeror’s death or mental incompetence must occur ______ the offer is made, but prior to the acceptance, in order to impact the formation of the contract.
after
As a general rule, the offeror may terminate the offer any time prior to the offeree’s acceptance - such action is referred to as __________.
revocation (it was revoked)
An offer may be revoked directly or indirectly. _______, the offeror can indicate by words that she no longer wishes to be bound by the offer. _________, an offer may be revoked when the offeror takes actions that are inconsistent with the intent to be bound and the offeree has knowledge of those actions.
directly; indirectly
Offers may not be revoked prior to termination in 3 circumstances:
a. if the offeree has paid to keep the offer open for some period of time - called an ______ contract
b. if the offeror has agreed to keep the offer open for some period of time, and the offeree has relied on that promise to her detriment, or
c. if the offeree has already begun performance under the contract called a ___________ contact.
option; unilateral
A ______________ is both a rejection of the original offer and a new officer, and thus serves to terminate the original offer. In this case the offeree turns into the ______.
counteroffer; offeror
The _____ _____ rule means that any response by the offeree that changed the terms of the agreement, however slightly, would be treated as a rejection.
mirror-image
An ___________ is effective as soon as it is dispatched, this is known as the ________ rule. It will be effective when it is mailed or emailed/faxed.
acceptance; mailbox
An offer, revocation, counteroffer, and rejection are only effective when they are _________>
received
In the event an offeree rejects an offer and shortly after accepts an offer or made a counteroffer, the communication the offeror receives ____ is the one that would be effective.
first