Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Thrall Review Questions- Drea > Ch. 40- Liver and Spleen > Flashcards

Ch. 40- Liver and Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

Ddx for gallbladder edema:

A

right sided congestive heart failure

portal hypertension

hypoproteinemia

sepsis

anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s your ultrasonographic description and most likely dx?

A

Multiple well defined hyperechoic nodules in the spleen. Myelolipomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is your most likely diagnosis

A

Acute splenic infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What’s your dx?

A

gallbladder edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some ddx in a dog with these findings in US?

A

Lymphoma, MCT, Histiocytic sarcoma

*** disclaimer- there are more ddx… can you nae more ddx? *****

nodular hyperplasia, hematoma, focal extramedullary hematopoiesis, abscess, and infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Causes of hypoechoic liver:

A

lymphoma, hepatic congestion, leukemia, amyloidosis, cholangiohepatitis, acute hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Causes of hyperechoic liver:

A

hepatic lipidosis

vacoular hepatopathies

chronic hepatitis

hepatic cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s your dx?

A

Emphysematous splenic torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of generalized hepatomegaly:

A

Hepatic congestions, steroid hepatopathy, hepatic lipidosis,inflammatory and infiltrative disease, primary neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what part of the spleen is fixed in the left craniodorsal aspect of the stomach?

A

proximal extremity of the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is your dx?

A

Dilation of caudal vena cava and hepatic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Radiographic signs of generalized hepatomegaly:

A

rounding or blunting of the caudoventral liver margins

extension beyond the costal arch

caudal displacement of the gastric axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes for focal hypoechogenicity in the liver:

A

Cysts, abscesses, primary or metastatic neoplasia, hematomas, granulomas, nodular hyperplasia, and focal extramedullary hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In cats, gallbladder wall thickness should be:

In dogs, gallbladder wall thickness should be:

A

<1mm or not visualized at all

1-2mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s your dx?

A

Cystic mucinous hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is your most likely dx?

A

Metastaic neoplasia due to the target lesion in the spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Mineral opacities can occur in the hepatic parenchyma or biliary system. Give possible causes for mineralization of bith liver and biliary system.

A

liver- dystrophic calcification of hepatic granulomas, abscesses, hematomas, neoplastic masses or areas of necrosis

biliary tree- choleliths, gall bladder carcinoma, cholecystitis or cystic mucinous hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is your dx?

A

GB mucocele w/ GB wall rupture

(Gallbladder mucocele is an accumulation of nondependent sludge, semisolid mucus, and inspissated bile, creating an intraluminal centralized echogenicity with peripheral striations, creating a stellate appearance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most common cause of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in the dog:

A

Pancreatitis is one of the most common causes of extrahepatic biliary obstruction in the dog, with neoplasia of the liver, bile duct, pancreas, or duodenum also capable of causing obstruction

20
Q

Thickening of the gallblader wall indicate:

A

Thickening of the gallbladder wall is a nonspecic sign found with primary gallbladder inflammation or neoplasia, or secondary to systemic diseases that have a secondary effect on the gallblad- der wall.

21
Q

What’s your dx?

A

There is an irregular focal radiolucency in the midportion of the liver due to hepatic abscessation secondary to hepatic carcinoma (other ddx include necrosis of the liver, gas producing bacteria)

22
Q

What is the structure that the white arrow is pointing at? What could this structure represent?

A

Target lesions. They represent metastatic disease.

23
Q

What is your dx?

A

Cholangitis

24
Q

What’s your dx?

A

Gallbaldder wall thickening secondary to potential cholycystitis

25
Q

What’s your dx?

A

dilation of CBD

26
Q

What’s your dx?

A

Cholelith

27
Q

Causes of diffuse splenomegaly:

A

Considerations for diffuse splenomegaly are numerous and include inflammation caused by infection with toxoplasmosis, fungal organisms, Mycoplasma haemofelis, ehrlichiosis, hyperplasia (e.g., hemolytic disorders), systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic bacteremic disorders, congestion (e.g., from impaired venous drainage), portal hypertension, splenic torsion/ infarction, anesthetic drugs, and infiltrative disease (e.g., primary (Lymphosarcoma, leukemia, systemic mastocytosis, multiple myeloma, and malignant histiocytosis) and metastatic neoplasia, and extramedullary hematopoi- esis), splenic torsion

28
Q

True or False. Portal veins are smoothly tapering vessels characterized by bright, echogenic borders.

A

True

29
Q

Normal CBD diameter in cats is:

Normal CBD diameter in dogs is:

A

<4mm

3mm or less

30
Q

What is the most common primary hepatic tumor in dogs? what could be other examples of primary tumors?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

other examples include: cholangiocarcinoma, neuro endocrine tumor, and histiocytic sarcoma

31
Q

Treu or False. In US the liver is usually hyperechoic to the spleen. Why?

A

False. Liver is usually hypoechoic to the spleen

32
Q

Is the liver enlarged? why or why not?

A

The liver is not enlarged. This is a cat w/ pleural effusion and the thorax is overexpanded which results in caudal displacement of the diaphragm and liver

33
Q

Is this a normal or abnormal finding?

A

Normal liver. Normal finding in young dogs and cats

34
Q

Causes of diffuse splenomegaly:

A

Extramedullary hematopoiesis, splenic congestion, phenothiazines (phenobarb), diffuse neoplastic infilatration (lymphoma, MCT, histiocytic sarcoma), splenitis ( due to fungal- histoplasmosis in cats)

35
Q

When is splenomegaly considered in the cat in rads?

A

Splenomegaly in the cat is considered if the distal extremity is visible on the lateral projection of the abdomen.

36
Q

What are target lesions?

A

Focal masses with a hyperechoic center and hypoechoic periphery

***but they have been reported with benign disease processes***

37
Q

Ddx splenic mass:

A

Include benign and neoplastic conditions. Primary and metastatic neoplasia, hematoma, nodular hyperplasia, extramedullary hematopoiesis, and abscess are all considerations.

38
Q

The spleen has no absolute size limits in the dog. The normal feline spleen is less variable in size than the dog, and objective measurements have been determined what?

A

to measure no more than 0.1 cm in the transverse plane

39
Q

What’s your dx?

A

A. hypoattenuating mass in the liver located in the left lateral lobe (most likely primary neoplasia-hepatocellular carcinoma)

B. multi focal hypoattenuating nodules in the liver and gall bladder edema (most likely metastatic dz)

40
Q

What’s your dx and main ddx? This is an image of the liver.

A

ehogenic shadows and reverberation artifacts in the liver. The cause of these reverberation artifacts is due to gas. Possible ddx: abscessation or necrosis

41
Q

What’s your dx?

A

Splenic torsion

** gas can be also noted in splenic torions**

42
Q

What are some nonpathologic conditions that can result in extension of hepatic margins beyond the costal arch

A

overexpansion of the thorax or deep inspiration

older dogs and cats can have stretching or elongation

obese patients

some brachycephalic and chondrodystrophic breeds

neonatal patients

43
Q

What modalities you can use to detect PSS?

A

US

CT

MRI

Nuc Med

44
Q

What’s your dx?

A

Multiple hypoechoic nodules in the liver giving a honeycomb appeatance (hepatocutaneous syndrome)

45
Q

How to calculate GB volume in cats and dogs:

A

Height x width x length x 0.52= ___mL

Dogs 1mL/kg

Cats 2.4mL regardless of the weight

46
Q

How to calculate the proper contraction and function of GB in dogs:

A

1) 12 hr fast
2) calculate GB volume
3) feed that dig
4) wait 2 hrs
5) calculate GB volume
6) find the difference between the 2 values. This should be ~25% or greater.

Thrall Review Questions- Drea (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions