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Bio 168 (2020) > ch 4 Tissues > Flashcards

ch 4 Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

-Connect epithelium to the rest of the body (basal lamina)
-Provide structure (bone)
-Store energy (fat)
-Transport materials (blood)
Have no contact with environment

A

Connective Tissues

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2
Q

Specialized cells
Solid extracellular protein fibers
Fluid extracellular ground substance

A

Characteristics of Connective Tissues

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3
Q

The extracellular components of connective tissues (fibers and ground substance):

  • majority of cell volume
  • Is the specific product of the cells and is what determines specialized function
A

Matrix

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4
Q

connect and protect

A

Connective tissue proper

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5
Q
  • transport
  • distinctive population of cells suspended in a watery matrix that contains disolved proteins
  • blood and lymph
A

fluid connective tissues

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6
Q
  • structural strength
  • less diverse cell population and a matrix containing much more densely packed fibers
  • protect soft tissues
  • support the weight of part or all of the body
  • cartilage and bone
A

Supportive connective tissues

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7
Q

more ground substance, less fibers

e.g., fat (adipose tissue)

A

loose connective tissues

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8
Q

more fibers, less ground substance

e.g., tendons

A

Dense connective tissue

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9
Q
  • The most abundant cell type:
  • found in all connective tissue proper
  • secrete proteins and hyaluronan (cellular cement)
A

Fibroblasts

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10
Q
  • Large, amoeba-like cells of the immune system:

- eat pathogens and damaged cells

A

Macrophages

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11
Q

large cells of the immune system that stay in tissue

A

fixed macrophages

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12
Q

large cells of the immune system that migrate

A

free macrophages

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13
Q

Fat cells:

each cell stores a single, large fat droplet

A

Adipocytes

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14
Q

-Stem cells that respond to injury or infection:
differentiate into fibroblasts, adipocytes, etc.
-divide and differentiate:
to produce more fat cells
when more storage is needed
(adipose cells)

A

Mesenchymal Cells

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15
Q
  • Synthesize and store the brown pigment melanin

- gives tissues a dark color

A

Melanocytes

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16
Q

Stimulate inflammation after injury or infection:

release histamine and heparin

A

Mast Cells

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17
Q

Specialized immune cells in lymphatic system:

e.g., plasma cells which produce antibodies

A

Lymphocytes

18
Q

Phagocytic blood cells:

  • respond to signals from macrophages and mast cells
    e. g., neutrophils and eosinophils
  • attracted to the site of infection or injury
A

Microphages

19
Q
  • most common fibers in CTP
  • long, straight, and unbranched
  • strong and flexible
  • resists force in 1 direction
    e. g., tendons and ligaments
A

Collagen fibers

20
Q
  • network of interwoven fibers (stroma)
  • strong and flexible
  • resists force in many directions
  • stabilizes functional cells (parenchyma) and structures
    e. g., sheaths around organs
A

Reticular fibers

21
Q

contain elastin
branched and wavy
return to original length after stretching
e.g., elastic ligaments of vertebrae

A

Elastic fibers

22
Q

is clear, colorless, and viscous

fills spaces between cells and slows pathogens

A

ground substance

23
Q 
Least specialized
Open framework 
Viscous ground substance
Elastic fibers 
Holds blood vessels and capillary beds:
e.g., under skin (subcutaneous layer)
A

Areolar Tissue

24
Q

Contains many adipocytes (fat cells)

A

Adipose Tissue

25
Q 
White fat:
most common 
stores fat
absorbs shocks
slows heat loss (insulation)
A

Adipose Tissue

26
Q 
Brown fat: 
more vascularized 
adipocytes have many mitochondria
breaks down fat 
produces heat
A

Adipose Tissue

27
Q

-in adults do not divide:
-expand to store fat
-shrink as fats are released
(Adipose cells)

A

Adipocytes

28
Q

attach muscles to bones

A

tendons

29
Q

connect bone to bone and stabilize organs

A

ligaments

30
Q

attach in sheets on large, flat muscles

A

aponeuroses

31
Q

erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

32
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

33
Q

Extracellular fluid between blood cells

A

Plasma

34
Q

Extracellular fluid between cells of the tissues

A

interstitial fluid

35
Q 
Extracellular fluid carried by lymphatic vessels from tissues back to the blood
Extracellular fluid:
collected from interstitial space
monitored by immune system
transported by lymphatic system
returned to venous system
A

Lymph

36
Q

gel-type ground substance

for shock absorption and protection

A

cartilage

37
Q

calcified (made rigid by calcium salts, minerals)

for weight support

A

bone

38
Q
  • translucent matrix
  • no prominent fibers
  • stiff, flexible support
  • reduces friction between bones
  • found in synovial joints, rib tips, sternum, and trachea
A

Hyaline cartilage

39
Q
  • tightly packed elastic fibers
  • supportive but bends easily
  • found in external ear and epiglottis
A

Elastic cartilage

40
Q
  • very dense collagen fibers
  • Limits movement
  • Prevents bone-to-bone contact
  • Pads knee joints
  • Found between pubic bones and intervertebral discs
A

Fibrocartilage

41
Q

Also called osseous tissue:
strong (calcified: calcium salt deposits)
resists shattering (flexible collagen fibers)

A

Bone

42
Q

-

  • arranged around central canals within matrix
  • small channels through matrix (canaliculi) access nutrients
  • bone cells
A

Osteocytes

Bio 168 (2020) (3 decks)

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