Ch. 4 Theories of Speech/language Development

Question 1

Define speech development

Answer 1

The evolving and shaping of sounds and syllables. Used as arbitrary symbols and applied in rule governed combinations that helps communicate wants, needs, thoughts, knowledge, feelings

Question 2

Define language development

Answer 2

Development of receptive and expressive communication for concepts using arbitrary symbols (words/sounds) and rule-goverend combinations of those symbols

Question 3

Define operant conditioning

Answer 3

Learning model that works to change behavior into desired/appropriate behavior through positive reinforcement, after appropriate behavior occurs naturally/spontaneously.

Question 4

Define Parentese

Answer 4

Also called motherese or baby talk. But professionally called child directed speech. Typically high pitched. Use one, two syllables and short sentences. Speak at slower rate.

Question 5

Define Semantic-Cognitive Theory

Answer 5

A perspective of language development that emphasizes the interrelationship between language learning and cognition. Meanings conveyed by child’s productions.

Question 6

Define Social Pragmatic Theory

Answer 6

A perspective of language development that considers communication as the basic function of language.

Question 7

Define Culture

Answer 7

Philosophies, values, attitudes, perceptions, religious and spiritual beliefs, educational values, language, lifestyle practices etc. passed from one generation to the next

Question 8

Define Multicultural

Answer 8

A society characterized by a diversity of cultures, languages, traditions, religions and values. Also social class, sexual orientation and ability levels. Where Individuals are respected and valued for contributions to that whole of society.

Question 9

Define Living Language

Answer 9

A language that people speak in their ordinary lives. A dead language would be one that is no longer used in daily life. Ex. Latin.

Question 10

English as Second Language (ESL) / English Language Learner

Answer 10

Learning English after a child’s native (home) language has been established.

Question 11

Bilingual

Answer 11

Someone who speaks their native language, and speaks American English in school or other environments.

Question 12

Code switching

Answer 12

Switching from one language to the next depending on who and what they are talking about. Automatically or intentionally.

Question 13

Worldview

Answer 13

Individuals or groups perceptions or reality and framework of ideas, beliefs, and attitudes about the world, life and themselves.

Question 14

Prelinguistic (preverbal) vocalizations
0-6 months

Answer 14

Sounds produced by an infant before the production of true words and language ( crying, cooing, babbling)

Question 15

Cooing

Answer 15

Production of vowel like sounds /u/,/oo/ and consonant like sound /k/, /g/

Question 16

Babbling

Answer 16

A young child’s production of syllables that contains pairs of consonants and vowels.

Question 17

Echolalia

Answer 17

An infants immediate and automatic reproduction or imitation of speech heard from sounds made by others in the environment. Words they imitate are not yet meaningful.

Question 18

Neonate

Answer 18

Infant less than 4 weeks old

Question 19

Prelinguistic ( preverbal)
6-12 months

Answer 19

Vocal play, jargon, nasals, glides

Question 20

Lexicon

Answer 20

Refers to all morphemes, including words and parts of words that a person knows.

Question 21

Holophrastic language

Answer 21

The use of a single word to express a complete thought

Question 22

Mean length of utterance (MLU)

Answer 22

The average number of morphemes in a young child’s individual utterances, roughly equivalent to a young child’s chronological age.

Question 23

Parallel speech

Answer 23

Naming describing and explaining why the child is experiencing and probably feeling, almost as if the caregiver were the child. Used by some clinicians to develop receptive/expressive language

Question 24

Telegraphic speech

Answer 24

Condensed language where only the essential words are used. Such as adjective nouns and verbs. Often used by 3 year olds, college students on lecture notes.

Question 25

Communicative competence

Answer 25

Ability to use language and dialect and to know when, where and whom to use them. Including phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

Question 26

Cognitive Development

Answer 26

The continuous growth of perception, memory, imagination, conception, judgement, and reasoning. It is the intellectual counterpart of a person’s biological adaptation to the environment.