Ch. 1 Essentials

Question 1

Communicate

Answer 1

Any means by which individuals can relate their wants, needs, thoughts, feelings, and knowledge to another person.

Question 2

Communication disorder

Answer 2

Impairment in the ability to receive, comprehend, or send messages, verbally, nonverbally, or graphically; any articulation, language, voice, resonance, cognitive, or hearing impairment that interferes with conveying needs etc.

Question 3

Clinician

Answer 3

Healthcare and rehab professionals, such as physicians, nurses, RTs, OTs, SLPs, audiologists, psychologists…. Involved in clinical practice who involve their practice on direct observation and treatment of patients and clients.

Question 4

Modalities

Answer 4

Any sensory avenue through which information may be received, that is auditory, visual, tactile, taste, and olfactory (smell).

Question 5

Speech-language pathologist

Answer 5

A professional who is specifically educated and trained to identify, evaluate, treat, and prevent speech, language, cognitive, and swallowing disorders.

Question 6

Audiologist

Answer 6

A professional who is specifically educated and trained to identify, evaluate, treat, and prevent hearing disorders, plus select and evaluate hearing aids. Evaluate people with hearing aids.

Question 7

Inner speech/self-talk

Answer 7

Nearly constant internal monologue a person has with himself at a conscious or semiconscious level that involves thinking in words. A conversation with oneself

Question 8

Syllable

Answer 8

Either a single vowel or a vowel and one or more consonants. V, VC, VCC

Question 9

Linguistics

Answer 9

The scientific study of the structure and function of language and the rules that govern language. Study of phonemes, morphemes, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.

Question 10

Phonemes

Answer 10

The shortest arbitrary unit of sound in language that can be a distinct from other sounds in the language.

Question 11

Linguistic competence

Answer 11

Persons underlying knowledge about the the system of rules of a language

Question 12

Morphemes

Answer 12

The smallest unit of language have a distinct meaning. (Group of sound that form words or parts of words. Pre fix. Root word. Suffix.

Question 13

Syntax

Answer 13

Rules that dictate the acceptable sequence of, combination, and function of words in a sentence; the way in which words are put together in a sentence to convey meaning.

Question 14

Semantics

Answer 14

The study of the meaning of language conveyed by words, phrases and sentences.

Question 15

Pragmatics

Answer 15

Rules governing the use of language in social situations. The context

Question 16

Phonology

Answer 16

The study of speech sounds and the system of rules underlying sound production and sound combinations in the formation of words

Question 17

Speech

Answer 17

The production of oral language using phonemes for communication through the process of respiration, phonation, resonation, and articulation.

Question 18

Consonant

Answer 18

Speech sounds articulated by either stopping the outgoing airstream or creating a narrow opening of resistance using the articulators

Question 19

Vowel

Answer 19

Voiced speech sounds from the unrestricted passage of the air stream through the mouth without audible stoppage or friction.

Question 20

Morphology

Answer 20

The study of the structure or form of words.

Question 21

Grammar

Answer 21

The rules of the use of morphology and syntax in a language.

Question 22

Literacy

Answer 22

The ability to communicate through written language. Both reading and writing

Question 23

Articulation

Answer 23

The modifying of the airstream (voiced and unvoiced) into distinctive sounds of a language to produce speech. The movement of the articulators to produce sounds of speech.

Question 24

Habilitate

Answer 24

The process of developing a skill or ability to be able to function within the environment. Initial learning development of new skill

Question 25

Rehabilitate

Answer 25

Restoration to normal or to as satisfactory a status as possible of impaired functions and abilities.

Question 26

Disability

Answer 26

As to find by the world health organization, any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range, considered normal for a human being. Physical disability, sensory disability, intellectual disability.

Question 27

Impairment

Answer 27

Any loss or abnormality of an anatomical structure or physiological neurological or psychological function.

Question 28

Traumatic brain injury, or TBI

Answer 28

And inquired injury to the brain caused by an external force, that results in partial or total functional disability, including physical communication, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments

Question 29

Language disorder

Answer 29

An impairment of receptive and or expressive linguistic symbols, morphine words, systematic syntax, or prim attics, that affects comprehensions or expression of once needs, thoughts, feelings, or knowledge, through the verbal written modalities.

Question 30

Congenital disorder

Answer 30

A disorder present at birth

Question 31

Syndrome

Answer 31

A complex of signs and symptoms resulting from a common ideology or appearing together that presents a clinical picture of a disease or inherited anomaly

Question 32

Acquired dis order

Answer 32

A disorder that begins after an individual has developed normal communication abilities, such as hearing loss or a brain injury

Question 33

Etiology

Answer 33

The cause of an occurrence, such as a medical problem, that results in a disorder or disability

Question 34

Functional disorder

Answer 34

A problem or impairment without known anatomical, physiological, or neurological basis, that may have behavioral or emotional causes or components

Question 35

Organic disorder

Answer 35

An underlying motor disorder neurological disorder, such as childhood apraxia of speech and dysphoria structural, such as cleft lip and pallette, sensory disorders, a problem or impairment with a known anatomical, or physiological or neurological basis

Question 36

Speech sound disorder

Answer 36

An umbrella term, referring to any difficulty or accommodation with perception, motor production or referee sensation of speech sounds, and speech segments, including phonotactic rules governing permissible speech sounds sequences in a language

Question 37

Articulation disorder

Answer 37

The incorrect production of speech sounds due to faulty placement, timing, direction, pressure, speed, or integration of movements of the mandible , lips, tongue, or vellum

Question 38

Phonological disorder

Answer 38

Predictable rule-based, such as fronting, stopping and final consonant deletion errors that affect more than one sound forms phoneme patterns in which a child simplifies individual sounds, or sound combinations

Question 39

Speech motor disorder

Answer 39

Impaired speech in intelligibility that is caused by a neurological impairment or difference that affects the motor movement planning or the strength of the articulators needed rapid complex movement and smooth effortless speech.

Question 40

Intelligible

Answer 40

The degree of clarity which an utterance is understood by the average listener, which is influenced by articulation rate, fluency, focal quality in intensity, or loudness of voice

Question 41

Receptive language

Answer 41

What a person understands of what is said

Question 42

Expressive language

Answer 42

The words, grammatical structures, and meanings that a person uses

Question 43

Language delay

Answer 43

An abnormal slowness in developing language skills that may result in incomplete language development

Question 44

Language difference

Answer 44

Variations in speech and language productions that are result of a persons, cultural linguistic, and social environment

Question 45

Aphasia

Answer 45

An impairment in language processing that may affect any or all input, modalities, auditory, visual, and tactile and any, and all output, modalities speaking writing, and gesturing of apraxia of speech. Examples strokes.

Question 46

Fluency

Answer 46

The continuity rate and effort in speech production

Question 47

Fluency disorder

Answer 47

An interruption in the flow of speaking, characterized by atypical rate rhythm and fluency repetitions of sound syllables words and phrases. Example stuttering.

Question 48

Stuttering

Answer 48

Dysfluency. A disturbance in the normal flow and time pottering of speech characterized by one or more following repetitions, sounds syllables or words silent blocks within or between words, interjections of unnecessary sounds, or words, talking around and in attended words, and words produced with excessive tension.

Question 49

Cluttering

Answer 49

Speech that is abnormally fast with omissions of sounds, and syllables of words, abnormal patterns of pausing and phrasing spoken in burst, and may be unintelligible

Question 50

Voice disorder

Answer 50

Any deviation of loudness pitch or quality of voice that is outside the normal range of a persons, age, gender, or geographic, cultural background that interferes with communication draws, attention to itself, or affect the speaker or listener laryngitis

Question 51

Dysphonia

Answer 51

A general term that means a voiced disorder with a persons voice typically sounding rough, raspy or hoarse

Question 52

Aphonia

Answer 52

A complete loss of voice followed by whispering for oral communication that typically has psychological, causes such as emotional stress

Question 53

Resonance disorder

Answer 53

Abnormal modification of the voice by passing through the nasal cavities during production of oral sounds, or not passing through the nasal cavities during production of nasal sounds m n ng, ex- cleft palate

Question 54

Hypernaslity or hypernasel

Answer 54

A resonance disorder occurs when oral consonants and vowels into the nasal cavity, because of clefts of the hard and soft palate causing the person to sound like they are talking through their nose.

Question 55

Hyponasality hyponasal

Answer 55

Lack of normal resonance for the three phonemes m n ng caused by partial or complete obstruction in the nasal track.

Question 56

Cognition

Answer 56

The mental processes involved in gaining and the act or process of thinking and learning that involves intention, perceiving stimuli, memory organization, categories of information, generation reasoning, judgment problem, solving related to intelligence

Question 57

Cognitive disorder

Answer 57

An impairment of the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge in the act of process of thinking and learning, memory organization, categorization of information, generalization, reasoning, judgment and intellectual disabilities of children and traumatic brain injuries in adults

Question 58

Cognitive communication disorder

Answer 58

Difficulty with any aspect of communication that is affected by the disruption of cognition, often seen in traumatic brain entries

Question 59

Dementia

Answer 59

A neurological disease that causes intellectual cognitive and personality deterioration that is more severe than what would occur through normal aging

Question 60

Hearing loss hearing impairment

Answer 60

Abnormal or reduce function, and hearing resulting from auditory disorder

Question 61

Conductive hearing loss

Answer 61

A reduction in hearing sensitivity, because of a disorder of the outer or middle ear

Question 62

Sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 62

A reduction of hearing sensitivity produced by disorders of the Kokila in or the auditory nerve fiber of the vestibular, Kular cranial nerve