ch. 4 retake study guide Flashcards
what orbital does l=0 represent?
s orbital
what orbital does l=1 represent?
p orbital
what orbital does l=2 represent?
d orbital
what orbital does l=3 represent?
f orbital
when n=1…
l = 0
m sub l = 0
when n=2…
l = 0, 1
m sub l =
0
-1, 0, 1
when n=3…
l = 0, 1, 2
m sub l =
0
-2, -1, 0, 1, 2
when n=4…
l = 0, 1, 2, 3
m sub l =
0
-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3
how to count wavelengths on the spectrum
go by how many lines there are
photoelectric effect
when electromagnetic radiation strikes the surface of a metal, ejecting electrons from the metal’s surface
principal quantum number
(n) indicates the main energy level occupied by an electron
angular momentum quantum number
(l) indicates the shape of the orbital
magnetic quantum number
(m sub l) indicates the orientation of an orbital around the nucleus
spin quantum number
(m sub s) indicates the two fundamental spin states of an electron in an orbital
what did Albert Einstein propose?
photoelectric effect
photoelectric effect
emission of electrons a from metal when light is shined on it
Bohr’s atomic model…
proposes that electrons can occupy specific energy levels
explains the emission spectra of hydrogen atoms
de Broglie
suggested that electrons can be considered as waves confided to the space around an atomic nucleus
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle states…
it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle
the quantum theory…
describes mathematically the wave properties of electrons and other very small particles
Aufbau principal
an electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it; electrons fill lower energy levels first before occupying higher energy levels
Pauli exclusion principal
no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
Hund’s rule
orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron
all electrons in singly occupied orbitals must have the same spin state
explain inner shells vs outer shell
inner shells are any fully filled levels
outer shells are any noncompleted levels
what are the different waves from longest wavelength and lowest frequency –> shortest wavelength and highest frequency?
radio waves–microwaves–infrared waves–ultraviolet waves–x rays–gamma waves
according to Einstein, what behaves like a wave and also a stream of particles?
electromagnetic radiation
n=?
n=n^2
the amount of orbitals that can exist at a given main energy level is the energy level squared
a particle that has an outer main energy level fully occupied by eight electrons has a ______ configuration
noble gas
h (plank’s constant)
6.626 x 10^-34
c (speed of light)
3.00 x 10^8
