Ch. 4: Renaissance Science and Philosophy Flashcards
Humanism refers to an intense interest in _________ __________
Human Beings
The four major themes of Renaissance humanism are:
- Individualism
- Personal religion
- Intense interest in the Past
- Anti-Aristotlianism
True or False?
The men whose writings mark the beginning of the Renaissance (Petrarch, Pico, Erasmus) all share in common a lack of belief in or value of faith in God
False
All but which of the following men believed in a doctrine of predestination, thereby giving little room to free will (pick one):
Augustine
Erasmus
Luther
Erasmus
Like the Greek Pyrrho of Ellis, Michel de Montaigne’s philosophical outlook was an extreme ______________.
Skepticism
Name 3 factors mentioned in the text that account for the reawakening of a spirit of objective inquiry (and an accompanying weakening of the authority of the church) during the Renaissance
- Aquinas acceptance of reason and the examination of of nature as ways of knowing God.
- Exploration and contact with other peoples
- Humanist philosophy recaptured the spirit of open inquiry reflected in the Greeks, and stressed the human potential to act upon the world and change it for the better
Copernicus’ belief that the earth revolved around the sun is called the _______________ theory
Heliocentric theory
In keeping with Galileo’s thinking, match the following concepts:
a. Primary qualities ______ objective reality
b. Secondary qualities ______ subjective reality
Objective Reality – Primary qualities
Subjective Reality – Secondary qualties
Deism, popular in Newton’s time, is the belief that _________________________ .
God created the universe but then “let it be”.
According to Francis Bacon, the ultimate authority in science was ______________ ______________
Direct observation
Francis Bacon’s four sources of error, or “idols” that could creep into scientific investigations were:
- Idols of the Cave
- Idols of the Tribe
- Idols of the Marketplace
- Idols of the Theatre
René Descartes’ philosophy may be described by all but which one of the following terms (pick one)?
Nativistic
Monistic
Phenomenological
Mechanistic
Monistic
Define Positivism
belief that only those objects or events can be experienced directly should be the object of scientific inquiry
The belief that knowledge is derived from experience is called ________________________
Empiricism
True or False?
Thomas Hobbes could be described as a materialist, mechanist and hedonist
True
True or False?
John Locke followed the tradition of Plato and Descartes in postulating the presence of innate ideas
False
What did George Berkeley see as the philosophy that was pushing God farther and farther out?
Materialistic Philosophy
Like other empiricists, David Hume believed that the contents of the mind come from __________ .
Experience
In his theory of Associationism, what 2 factors did James Mill believe were responsible for the strength of associations?
True or False?
John Stuart Mill is notable for his belief that psychology could never become a true science
False
True or False?
La Mettrie believed that his predecessor René Descartes was really a mechanist like himself, but hid those beliefs for fear of religious persecution
True
The belief that science, not religion, is best suited to solve human problems is called __________
Scientism
What are the 3 stages of development that Auguste Conte believed all societies pass through?
Theological
Metaphysical
Scientific
True or False?
Empiricism and Rationalism are such different perspectives on man and the world, that a clear distinction always exists between the two
False
