Ch 4 Pop Genetics

Question 0

Gene pool

Answer 0

All of the genetic info in the breeding pop

Question 1

Deme

Answer 1

A local pop of organisms that have similar genes, interbreed, and produce offspring

Question 2

Repro isolation

Answer 2

Any mech that prevents two pops from interbreeding and exchanging genetic material

Question 3

Micro evolution

Answer 3

Small scale evolution, such as changes in allele frequency, that occurs from one gen to the next

Question 4

Macro evolution

Answer 4

Large scale evo, such as a speciation event, that occurs after hundreds or thousands of gens

Question 5

Equilibrium

Answer 5

A condition in which the system is stable, balanced and unchanging

Question 6

Hardy Weinberg law of equilibrium

Answer 6

See p 72 and notes

Question 7

Point mutations

Answer 7

Replacement of a single N base with another base, which may or may not affect the amino acid for which the triplet codes

Question 8

Synonymous pt mutation

Answer 8

A neutral pt mutation in which the substituted N base creates a triplet coded to produce the same amino acid as that of the original triplet

Question 9

Nonsyn pt mutation

Answer 9

A pt mutation that creates a triplet codes to produce a diff amino acid than that of the original triplet

Question 10

Frame shift mutation

Answer 10

The change in a gene due to the insertion or deletion of one or more N bases, which causes the subsequent triplets to be rearranged and the codons to bread incorrectly during translation

Question 11

Transposable elements

Answer 11

Mobile pieces of DNA that can copy themselves into entirely new areas of the chromosome

Question 12

Klinefelter’s syndrome

Answer 12

Trisomy in which males have an extra x

Question 13

Spontaneous mutations

Answer 13

Random changes in DNA that occur during cell division

Question 14

Induced mutations

Answer 14

Refers to those mutations in the DNA resulting from exposure to toxic cehm or radiation

Question 15

Mutagens

Answer 15

Toxins, chem, radiation, that may induce genetic mutations

Question 16

Fitness

Answer 16

Ave number of offspring produced by parents with a particular genotype compared to the number of offspring produced by parents with another genotype

Question 17

Directional selection

Answer 17

Selection for one allele over other alleles, causing the allele frequencies to shift in one direction

Question 18

Stabilizing selection

Answer 18

Selection against the extremes of the phenotypic distributing decreasing the geneti diversity for this trait in the pop

Question 19

Disruptive selection

Answer 19

Selection for both extremes of the phenotypic distribution, may eventually lead to a speciation event

Question 20

Positive selection

Answer 20

Process in which advantageous genetic variants quickly increase I’m a freq in a pop

Question 21

Sickle cell anemia

Answer 21

Deformed RBcs

Question 22

Hemolytic anemias

Answer 22

I insufficient iron in blood due to destruction of red blood cells resulting from gen diseases, toxins, or infectios pathogens

Question 23

Balanced polymorphism

Answer 23

Situation in which selection maintains two or more phenotypes for a specific gene in a pop

Question 24

Hemoglobinpathies

Answer 24

A group of related genetic blood diseases characterized by abnormal hemoglobin

Question 25

Thalassemia

Answer 25

Hemoglobin is improperly synthesized, causing th RBcs to have a shorter life span

Question 26

G6pd

Answer 26

Enzyme that aids in th proper function of RBcs, def is genetic and leads to hemolytic anemia

Question 27

Endogamous

Answer 27

A pop that only breeds with other members of the pop

Question 28

Exogamous

Answer 28

Breed with nonmembers of their pop

Question 29

Founder effect

Answer 29

Isolate from the parent pop, th accumulation of random genetic changes in a pop due to the genetic input of a few colonizere

Question 30

Admixture

Answer 30

The exchange of gen material between two or more pops