Ch 2 evolution

Question 1

fossils

Answer 1

physical remains of part or all of once living organisms, mostly bones or teeth, that have becme mineralized by the replacement of organinc with inorganic materials

Question 2

species

Answer 2

a group of related organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile, viable offspring

Question 3

habitat

Answer 3

the specific area of the natureal environment in which an organism lives

Question 4

adaptations

Answer 4

changes in ohysical structure, function, or behavior that allows an organism or species to survive and reproduce in a given environment

Question 5

natural selection

Answer 5

the process by which some organisms, with features that enable them to adapt to the environment, preferentially survive and reproduce, thereby increasing the frequency of those features in the pop

Question 6

adaptive radiation

Answer 6

the diversification of an acestral group of organisms into new forms that are adapted to specific environmental niches.

Question 7

geology

Answer 7

the study of earth in regards to its composition, activity, and history

Question 8

paleontology

Answer 8

the study of fossils

Question 9

taxonomy

Answer 9

classificaiton of past and living forms

Question 10

systematics

Answer 10

the study of biological relationships over time

Question 11

demography

Answer 11

the study of population, especially with regard to birth, survival, and dath, and major factors that influence these key parts of life

Question 12

evolutionary biology

Answer 12

the study of organisms and their changes, darwin founded this discipline

Question 13

uniformitarianism

Answer 13

natural process operating today are the same processes that happened in the past

Question 14

catastrophism

Answer 14

the doctrine asserting that cataclysmic events, rather that evolutionary processes, are responsible for geologic changes throughout earth’s history.

Question 15

lamarckism

Answer 15

first proposed by Lamarack, the theory of evolution through the inheritnace of acquired characteristics in which an organism can pass on features aquired during its lifetime

Question 16

gemmules

Answer 16

as proposed by darwin, units of inheritance, supposedly accumulated in the gametes so they could be passed on to offspring

Question 17

blending inheritnace

Answer 17

an outdated, disreputed theory that the phenotype of an offspring was a uniform blend of the parents phenotype

Question 18

gene

Answer 18

the basic unit of inheritance, a sequence of DNA on a chromosome, coded to produce a specific protien

Question 19

allele

Answer 19

one or more alternative forms of a gene

Question 20

dominant

Answer 20

refers to an allele that is expressed in an organisms phenotype and that simultanrously masks the effects on another allele, if one is present

Question 21

resessive

Answer 21

exposed in phenotype if 2 copies are present, but is masked if the dominant allele is present

Question 22

Mendelian inheritance

Answer 22

the basic principles associated with the trasnmision of geneti material, forming the basis of genetics, including the law of segregation and the law of independent assortment

Question 23

genotype

Answer 23

the genetic make up of an organism, the combo of alleles for a given gene

Question 24

phenotype

Answer 24

the ohysical expression of the genotype. it may ne influenced by the envrio

Question 25

chromosomes

Answer 25

the strand of DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotes that contains hundreds or thousands of genes

Question 26

evolutionary synthesis

Answer 26

a unified theory of evolution that combines genetics with natural selection

Question 27

pop genetics

Answer 27

a specialty within the field of genetics, it focuses on the changes in the gene frequency and the effects on those changes on adaptation and evolution

Question 28

mutation

Answer 28

a randome change in a gene of chromosomes, creating a newtrait that may be advantageuos, deleterious, or neutral in its effects on the organism

Question 29

gene flow

Answer 29

asmixture, or the exchange of alleles between 2 pops

Question 30

genetic drift

Answer 30

the random change in allele frequency from one generation to the next. with greater effects in small pops

Question 31

dna

Answer 31

a double stranded molecule that provides the genetic code for an organism, consisting of phosphate, deoxyribose dugar, and 4 types of N bases