Ch. 4 Politics and Conflict in Victoria and Edwardian Canada

Question 1

Anticlerical, Anticlericalism

Answer 1

Someone who believes that the separation of church and state in civic life is essential for the well-being of a successful democratic society.

Question 2

Branch plants

Answer 2

Typically American-owned companies that avoided tariff barriers by establishing plants on the Canadian side of the border.

Question 3

Canada First (1868)

Answer 3

An English-Canadian nationalist movement

Question 4

Confessional schools

Answer 4

Religious schools run by Catholic or Protestant denominations.

Question 5

Dualism

Answer 5

The idea that Canada could or should construct its culture and institutions around two cultures, French and English. In contrast with unification (which favours one culture) and pluralism or multiculturalism in which French in particular is at risk of becoming a minority culture.

Question 6

Manitoba schools question (1890)

Answer 6

In 1890 the provincial government turned its back on commitments in the Manitoba Act (1870) to provide a dual — French and English — system of education, a move that was stimulated by declining French and Catholic populations. The Privy Council determined (twice) that the federal government had the power to reverse this decision. In opposition, Wilfrid Laurier blocked Ottawa’s attempt at disallowance; in government he negotiated a compromise with Manitoba.

Question 7

Orange

Answer 7

Refers to the Orange Order, its members, and its values; a Protestant fraternal association with roots in Ireland; marked by a strong antipathy for Catholics and Catholicism, as well as a fierce loyalty to the Crown. Supported Protestant immigrants and made use of violence and political networks to achieve its ends.

Question 8

Pragmatic

Answer 8

In politics, the focus on existing conditions rather than ideological considerations or objectives. Also called realpolitik.

Question 9

Preferential Tariff

Answer 9

Charges (a tax) added to imported goods so as to make their sale price higher than domestic goods and, thus, make domestic goods more competitive; some trade partners are less discriminated (they are “preferred”) over others.

Question 10

Rouge/Parti rouge

Answer 10

Political party and tradition in Quebec; established in the 1840s, it became increasing more pro-secular, anticlerical, and opposed to hereditary privilege; opposed to Confederation, embraced provincial rights; after 1867, merged with the Clear Grits to form the Liberal Party.