CH 4 - Motivation

Question 1

Motivation factors (3)

Answer 1

1. Intensity - how hard one tries
2. direction - where is the effort put
3. persistence - how long is effort maintained

Question 2

Formulas for Performance

Answer 2

performance = motivation x ability 
Ability = aptitude x training x resources
Motivation = desire x commitment

Question 3

Operand conditioning - BF Skinner

Answer 3

through +/- reinforcement and punishment

-encourages exceptional and extinguishes unacceptable behavior

Question 4

Skinner - Behavioral shaping strategies

Answer 4

• can’t reward your way out of unacceptable behaviour

- can’t discipline acceptable behaviour to exceptional behaviour

Question 5

schedule rewards

Answer 5

1. continuous - compliments
2. fixed interval - pay check
3. variable interval - bonus
4. fixed ratio - piece rate pay
5. variable ratio - commission

Question 6

Needs theories

Answer 6

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy
2. ERG theory
3. Motivation Hygiene theory

Question 7

Maslow’s Hierarchy

Answer 7

1. physiological
2. safety
3. social
4. esteem
5. self actualization

First two are low order, others are high order

Question 8

Intrinsic and extrinsic reward

Answer 8

Intrinsic - persons internal desire to do something

extrinsic - motivation from outside (pay)

Question 9

ERG Theory

Answer 9

E - existence - safety
R- relatedness -social
G- growth - self actualization

Question 10

Motivation hygiene theory (2 factor theory)

Answer 10

hygiene factors

• sources of dissatisfaction
• ex work conditions, salary, supervisors
• extrinsic

Motivators

• sources of satisfaction
• intrinsic
• ex achievements, recognition, responsibility

Question 11

Process Theories (2)

Answer 11

1. Goal setting theory

2. Expectancy theory

Question 12

Goals setting theory

Answer 12

• set SMART goals

- difficult goals will led to higher performance, if they are reasonable

Question 13

Expectancy theory

Answer 13

People act dependent on :

1. Expectancy - action will lead to good performance
2. Instrumentality - performance leads to rewards
3. Valence - its a reward i want

ex - leighton will buy us lunch if we all get 100

1. exp - He’s a tough marker so he probably wont, or others are stupid or won’t try
2. inst. - he’s lying as he can’t afford that
3. val - I bring my own lunch so don’t want

Question 14

Define justice

Answer 14

• the extent that total rewards are considered fair

- influences performance, motivation, satisfaction

Question 15

Forms of Justice (3)

Answer 15

1. Procedural - procedure that’s used to determine what’s fair (ex- is the company transparent about bonuses)
2. Interactive - the perceived degree that someone is treated with respect (does my boss hate me?)
3. Distributive - distribution of rewards
   - equality - socialism
   - need - welfare
   - equity - capitalism

Question 16

Equity Theory

Answer 16

• indiv. compare job inputs and outcomes with others then respond to eliminate inequalities

my outcomes / my investment = others outcome / others investment

Question 17

Self determination theory

Answer 17

• people want control over their actions
• intrinsically leads to better OB performance

Self choice - autonomy- do what you think is best
Self of Competence - feeling of accomplishment
Sense of meaningfulness - is this worthwhile?
Sense of progress -

Question 18

Reestablishing equity

Answer 18

• in/decrease input

- in/decrease OCB or CWB

Question 19

job enrichment and enlargement

Answer 19

• enrichment - more depth in job

- enlargement - more tasks