Ch. 4 Morphology Flashcards
affix
added pieces
affixation
morphological process whereby an affix is attached to a root or stem
agglutinating language
the morphemes are joined together relatively “loosely”
allomorph
they belong to the same morpheme since they have the same meaning
alternation
make morpheme internal modifications
ambiguity
they can be associated with more than one meaning
analytic language
made up of sequences of free morphemes
bound morpheme
words that cannot stand alone (affixes)
bound root
morphemes that seem to have some associated basic meaning, they are unable to stand alone as words in their own right
closed lexical category
rarely acquire new members and include pronouns, determiners prepositions, and conjunctions
compounding
process that forms new words not by means of affixes but from two or more independent words
conjunction
word used to connect clauses. e.g. and, or, but
content morpheme
have more concrete meaning that function morphemes
content word
free content morphemes, that is, nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
derivation
process of creating words out of other words
determiner
a modifying word that determines the kind of reference a noun or noun group has
form
what a word sounds like when spoken
free morpheme
words that can be used as words all by themselves
function morpheme
contain primarily grammatically relevant information
function word
free function morphemes, that is, prepositions, determiners, pronouns, and conjunctions
fusional language
words are formed by adding bound morphemes to stems
hierarchical structure
steps involved int he formation of the word (tree diagram)
homophony
the phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or non phrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form
incorporation
the inclusion of something
infix
inserted within the root morpheme
inflection
creation of different grammatical forms of words
input
the stems with which a given affix may combine
lexical category
classes of words that differ in how other words can be constructed out of them
lexicon
a mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form and meaning and their morphological and systematic properties.
morpheme
smallest linguistic unit with a meaning or grammatical function
morphology
the study of how words are constructed out of morphemes
open lexical category
nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
output
all of the words that are formed when an affix attaches to a stem
partial reduplication
process of forming new words by doubling part of a free morpheme
polysynthetic language
highly complex words may be formed by combining several stems and affixes
prefix
affixes that preceded the stem they attach to
preposition
usually before the noun or pronoun and showing a relation to another word or element in the clause. e.g. on, of, under, for
productive
currently used to make new words
pronoun
word that takes place of a noun. e.g. we, she, they
reduplicant
the morpheme or part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication
reduplication
process of forming new words by doubling either an entire free morpheme or part of it
root
base word
simultaneous affix
affixes appear the same time as each other
stem
what the affixes attach to
suffix
affixes that follow the stem they attach to
suppletion
a root will have one or more inflected forms phonetically unrelated to the shape of the root
