Ch 4 Intro to Gero

Question 1

what is holistic nursing care

Answer 1

care that considers all human dimensions

Question 2

from lowest to highest, what are the stages in Maslows?

Answer 2

Physiological needs
safety needs
love and belonging
self esteem
self actualization

Question 3

what common problems typically happen with aging?

Answer 3

loss of physical function
chronic ilness
depression
death of spouse

Question 4

what is ageism

Answer 4

form of prejudice to older adults and are stereotyped and discriminated against

Question 5

what are normal changes of older adults?
(General status)

Answer 5

decreasing efficiency of physiological processes
may need more frequent rest periods

Question 6

whats normal physiologic changes of older adults?
(Skin)

Answer 6

wrinkling/sagging
balding
skin pigmentation and moles
nails thickening
BVs in dermis become more fragile which makes it easier to bruise

Question 7

whats normal physiologic changes of older adults?
(musculoskeletal)

Answer 7

decrease in subcutaneous tissue and weight
muscle mass and tone decrease
bone demineralization
joints stiffen and lose ROM
mobility slows down

Question 8

whats normal physiologic changes of older adults?
(special senses)

Answer 8

decreased hearing, smell, taste, sight

Question 9

whats normal physiologic changes of older adults?
(cardiopulmonary)

Answer 9

BVs become less elastic
HF common

Question 10

whats normal physiologic changes of older adults? what is a common complication related to GI that old ppl tend to get?
(gastrointestinal)

Answer 10

digestive juices diminish
malnutrition and anemia is common
decreased peristalsis

Question 11

whats normal physiologic changes of older adults?
(dentition)

Answer 11

tooth decay/loss
eating habits change

Question 12

whats normal physiologic changes of older adults?
(genitourinary)

Answer 12

BF to kidneys lower
functional nephron units decrease
bladder capacity decreases
males at risk of BPH
inability to completely empty bladder (risk of UTI)

Question 13

what are the most common chronic disorders

Answer 13

constipation, depression, hypertension, arthritis, heart disease, cancer, diabetes, respiratory disorders, and strokes

Question 14

what is sarcopenia

Answer 14

loss of muscle mass

Question 15

what is gerontology

Answer 15

multidisciplinary study of effects of aging

Question 16

what is Gerontological Nursing

Answer 16

Caring for health problems, and helping individuals
maximize their capabilities throughout the aging process.

Question 17

Geriatrics

Answer 17

branch of medicine that focuses on the health care of older adults

Question 18

Gerontic nursing

Answer 18

nursing care that supports aging individuals (like long term care)

Question 19

examples of Geriatric syndromes

Answer 19

examples:
Falls
Delirium
Dementia
Depression
polypharmacy
functional decline
sleep disorders
incontinence
skin breakdown

Question 20

Ageism

Answer 20

Societal prejudice –
negative stereotypes that lead to
misunderstanding of aging

Question 21

what is the baby boomer generation?

Answer 21

Those born between 1945-
1964 (Age 65 starting in 2010)

Question 22

Sandwich Generation

Answer 22

Caregivers caring for
parents and children at the same time

Question 23

what are the effects of old age on pharmacokinetic? What stages are effected with age?

Answer 23

affects absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

Question 24

what can happen with elderly that are self admitting their medications

Answer 24

forgetting to take
poor communication with providers
taking complementary / integrative therapies
avoiding taking drugs

Question 25

what are the 3 D's with inadequate cognition

Answer 25

Depression delirium dementia

Question 26

what is the psychosocial crisis ego integrity vs despair

Answer 26

after age of 65 productivity slows down if person believes they had a unsuccessful life, despair develops if person believes they had successful life, integrity develops wisdom develops with integrity

Question 27

what do most psychosocial changes that an older adult experiences revolve around?

Answer 27

loss

Question 28

what are examples of psychosocial changes that revolve around loss?

Answer 28

loss of job loss of spouse/ loved one loss of independence

Question 29

How can a older adult experience social isolation?

Answer 29

losing their job that gave them a sense of purpose due to communication with others is often replaced with social isolation

Question 29

what are older adults at a high risk of?

Answer 29

depression suicidal ideation

Question 30

what are issues that come with older adults and taking their medications?

Answer 30

safety procautions adverse reactions polypharmacy how to take med properly how to crush what meds to not crush

Question 31

you have pt going home with an enteric coated med. what statement makes you concered with the pt knowledge of med a. i will crush eneric coated med then eat it with apple sauce b. ah okay so I cant take apart the pill to sprinkle it over my food? c. I will take the pill whole with water!

Answer 31

a. i will crush eneric coated med then eat it with apple sauce

Question 32

what are the types of elder abuse/neglect

Answer 32

Physical Psychological Sexual Financial Neglect

Question 33

what is disengagement theory

Answer 33

as individuals age, they and society mutually withdraw from social interactions and responsibilities, a process considered beneficial for both parties

Question 34

75 yo pt shows signs of malnutrition and has loss 20 lbs in 2 months. Pts daughter reports pt has shown less interest in food over past 3 months. Which of the following may contribute to pt loss of interest in food? a. fitted dentures b. ease of swallowing due to relaxation of esophagus causing potential aspiration c. altered sensitivity and amount of taste bunds d. excessive mouth secretions

Answer 34

C

Question 35

T/F Its normal with age to limp when walking or be in pain when certain areas of your body get touched.

Answer 35

F. bone and muscles weaken but pain is not normal

Question 36

T/F the BVs of older adults get more elastic with age which causes their heart to work harder than it should to get blood through the body.

Answer 36

F. BVs harden with age increases risk of hypertension

Question 37

what can you do if pt has chronic constipation? what can you recommend for pt to do?

Question 38

Older adults may need to feel the need to go to the bathroom more frequently than others, why is that?

Answer 38

as one ages, bladder elasticity goes down

Question 39

what may make sex difficult for both older males and females?

Answer 39

ED and vaginal dryness

Question 40

When dealing with nutrition, what do our older population develop an increase need for?

Answer 40

calcium vitamin A,C,D

Question 41

what are factors that affect nutrition/hydration?

Answer 41

diminished taste and smell tooth loss and dentures constipation reduced income fatigue lack of transportation loneliness

Question 42

what are adults with limited mobility at risk for?

Answer 42

Falls

Question 43

what can exercise help with our older generation?

Answer 43

decrease risk of falls increase muscle strength/ balance increase mobility increase quality of sleep maintains healthy weight decreases constipation decreases risk of diabetes

Question 44

what are nursing interventions to help with confusion and falls?

Answer 44

acute and chronic confusion avoid multiple drugs promote adequate sleep reorient as needed provide comfort assess for risk factors

Question 45

what is NPSG

Answer 45

fall risk assessment tool

Question 46

how often do you check your pt if they are on restraints

Answer 46

30-60 min

Question 47

how often to do release restrains?

Answer 47

1-2 hours

Question 48

give me examples of chemical restrains

Answer 48

antipsychotics antianxiety antidepressants sedative hypnotics

Question 49

what are examples of causes of gradual decline in function?

Answer 49

unhealthy lifestyle choices smoking, substance abuse, stress

Question 50

what are examples of causes of rapid decline in function

Answer 50

MI, hip fracture, CVA

Question 51

T/F confusion or dementia is normal with aging

Answer 51

F

Question 52

what is our young old population

Answer 52

65-74 yo

Question 53

what is our middle old population

Answer 53

75-84 yo

Question 54

what is our old old pop

Answer 54

85- 99 yo

Question 55

what is our elite old pop

Answer 55

100 yo or older