ch 4 food insecurity

Question 1

what is PEM ? Protein energy malnutrition

Answer 1

lack of calories and protein

Question 2

what is wasting?

Answer 2

result of PEM and rapid weight loss, recent and severe weight loss

Question 3

what is stunting?

Answer 3

slow process , chronic undernutrition

Question 4

what are the four dimesions of food security? (AAUS)

Answer 4

availability, access to food, utilization and stability

Question 5

what is availability of food

Answer 5

domestic production, importing, food stocks and food aid

Question 6

what is access to food

Answer 6

purchasing power, poverty, food distribution

Question 7

what is stability of food security

Answer 7

price flutuations, political factors, economic and weather factors

Question 8

what is utilization with food security

Answer 8

food safety, acccess to clean water, health and sanitation

Question 9

what is hidden hunger

Answer 9

micronutirent (mineral and vitamin) deficiency

Question 10

what are some determinants of food availability

Answer 10

technology adapptation for agriculture production
credit availability (good effect on agriculture)
education (farm production and utilisation)
age ( boss age correlates to efficiency)

Question 11

food availabiöity and hunger over the last 30 years has ——

Answer 11

better availability and lower hunger

Question 12

what does chronic and transitory food security mean

Answer 12

long term vs short term

Question 13

whats baseline vs current food security

Answer 13

baseline means normally its like that and current is right now

Question 14

in terms of calories what is food secure

Answer 14

2100 kcals per day

Question 15

where are the countries that need emergency food assistance as well high in hunger?

Answer 15

SSA africa and india

Question 16

what is a bilateral programme aid ?

Answer 16

50% full grant and other half sold to recipient country at lower prices

Question 17

what are cash based food safety nets

Answer 17

give households money for food eeither unconditionally or conditionally showing attendance of children

Question 18

what are food access based programmes

Answer 18

cash trasnfer that HAS to be spend on food or food stamps

Question 19

what are food supply based programmes

Answer 19

give food directly when food markets dont work

Question 20

when food prices go up, but the undernourishment doesnt increase , how do they do it ?

Answer 20

trade restrictions, safety nets , they protect their markets from international turbulences
china,india

Question 21

when food prices go up and the malnutrishion goes a lot down (so its really great for them) in what kind of countries does that happen

Answer 21

in net food exporting countries bc more exports mean better income for them ,and they can afford more food (thailand vietnam)

Question 22

when food prices go up, the malnutrition increases as well, what do these countries have in common?

Answer 22

no stocks or budget to protect the poor, and countries that depend on food imports
SSA africa

Question 23

what are smallholders

Answer 23

person who manages agricluture smaller than a farm basically enough for their household

Question 24

do smallholders benefit from high food prices

Answer 24

no bc they are isolated from international markets anf invesmtnet would be needed for them to join the international market

Question 25

what are the househhold coping behaviours of higher food prices

Answer 25

buy less food, buy cheaper alternatives , which increases the protein energey malnutrition work more and spend less on non work activities makoing you sicker and less on education so malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies

Question 26

in short term , how can you buffer domestic price volatility?

Answer 26

domestic supply stock, trade, have subsidies, and safety nets, and export ban of your food or make some trade controls

Question 27

what can you do in long term to buffer domestic price volatility

Answer 27

increase productivity, sustainability and resilience in agriculture

Question 28

what are two popular polciies to adress high food prices

Answer 28

reduce taxes on foodgrains, and apply price controls or subsidies

Question 29

are productivity varying by richness of country

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

what are some reasons for low productivity

Answer 30

missing achess to technology bad adaptation to technolgoies poor eduction and health of workers

Question 31

the countries that are buying land vs the countries that have their land bought what are some countries

Answer 31

buying land : USA, arabs emirate, GB, india selling their land: south sudan,. congo, mosambique, sudan

Question 32

what is human capital

Answer 32

knowledge of laborors

Question 33

how does climate change impact crop production

Answer 33

cold periods, heavy rain, drought will all damage the crops

Question 34

what is the EPI (environemtnal performance index)?

Answer 34

protection of human health and protection of ecosystems rich countries have good EPI

Question 35

whar are the three pillars of Climate smart agriculture ?

Answer 35

increase agriculture productivity and incomes buidling resilience to climate change reduce/remove carbon emissions

Question 36

is CSA a set of universally applied practices?

Answer 36

no , its different elements embedded in local context

Question 37

do we conserve ecosystem services that are important to food security, agriculture developmetn ?

Answer 37

yes, ecosystem servies are plants that clean air or water, bees polinate flowers, tree roots help with spoil erosion

Question 38

how does CSA mitigate carbon or reduce carbon emission

Answer 38

we make most of soils and trees and act as a carbon sink

Question 39

for CSA, in terms of productivity could you also say its sustainable intensification

Answer 39

yes

Question 40

what is sustanable intensification

Answer 40

increase productivity without a bad effect on the environement. this will be good for food security

Question 41

how do you do sustainable intensification?

Answer 41

good famring practices - healthy soil -wide range of species and rotation -quality seed with high yield -integrated pest management -mage water efficiency better resilience to market schocks and climate risk

Question 42

what is conservation agriculture on terms of CSA

Answer 42

its for adaptation to strengthen their resilience and adapt quickly to schocks and long term stresserrs particular attention to protect the ecosymstem services

Question 43

how do you do conservation agriculture

Answer 43

variety and protect and give them healthier environments direct seeding permanet soil cover (protect against sun and too much rain, good microclimate) rotation of crops (diverse diet of microorganisam explore different soil layers for nutrients)

Question 44

what is direct seeding (for conservation agriculture)

Answer 44

no tillage which is better for the soil, no mechanical seedbed preperation