CH 4. - Flaccid Dysarthria Flashcards
Neuromotor Basis of flaccid dysarthria
- weakness
- problem with neuromotor execution (reflexive, automatic, voluntary)
- damage to LMN
Possible etiologies of flaccid
- degenerative
- tumor/cancer
- muscle disease
- vascular
- traumatic/surgical
- demylinating
- infectious/inflammatory
4 parts of LMN that could be affected with flaccid
- Cell body
- Peripheral Nerve
- Neuromuscular Junction
- muscle
role of acetylcholine in motor movements
- primary neurotransmitter in neuromuscular junction
- reduced number of Ach receptors make it more difficult for Ach to produce a muscle contraction
3 general symptoms associated with LMN damage/disease
WEAKNESS degenerating muscle fibers
ATROPHY
MYOTONIA impaired relaxation of muscle after contraction
cranial nerve for Facial Palsy
CN VII (Facial)
5 non-speech features of facial palsy
- reduced strength of lip closure, drool
- mouth droops & fails to elevate smile
- nasolabial fold flattened
- reduced forehead wrinkling
- eyebrow lowered/fails to raise
cranial nerve for masticator palsy
CN VII (Facial)
muscles of mastication
- masseter
- temporalis
- lateral pterygoid
- medial pterygoid
4 non-speech features of masticator palsy
UNILATERAL: apparent during jaw testing, complaints of problems chewing
BILATERAL: jaw may sag open, chewing & swallowing impairments, drool
cranial nerve for palatopharyngeal palsy
CN V (Trigeminal)
non-speech features for palatopharyngeal palsy
UNILATERAL: weak side of palate hangs low at rest, deviates to side of strength on elevation
BILATERAL: palate symmetric but lower than normal, reduced/absent elevation, diminished/absent gag reflex, nasal regurgiation of liquids
cranial nerve for laryngeal palsy
CN X (Vagus)
5 non-speech features for laryngeal palsy
UNILATERAL: 1 vocal fold remains stationary & slightly abducted (or makes weak movements towards midline), weak/incomplete contact between folds, reduced cough & aspiration problems
BILATERAL: both vocal folds remain stationary & slightly abducted (or make weak contact), in paralysis the restricted airway opening requires surgical intervention
cranial nerve for hypoglossal palsy
CN XII (Hypoglossal)
3 non-speech features for hypoglossal palsy
Loss of tongue strength/atrophy
AND SWALLOWING
UNILATERAL: deviation to side of weakness on protrusion
BILATERAL: reduced range of motion is severe
9 Distinctive speech features of flaccid dysarthria
Hypernasality
Breathiness
Nasal Emisson
Audible Inspiration
Imprecise consonants
Monopitch
Harsh Voice
Short Phrases
Monoloudness
