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KIN 3306 Unit 1 > Ch 4 Exercise Metabolism > Flashcards

Ch 4 Exercise Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

At rest, almost 100% of the energy required to sustain bodily functions is provided by _____.
a) aerobic metabolism
b) the glyoxylate cycle
c) the C3 carbon fixation pathway
d) anaerobic metabolism

A

a) aerobic metabolism

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2
Q

What is oxygen deficit?

A

the lag in oxygen uptake at the BEGINNING of exercise
AND
the difference between oxygen uptake in the first few minutes of exercise and an equal time period after steady state has been obtained

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3
Q

When O2 consumption does not increase instantaneously to a steady-state value, _____ energy sources contribute to the overall ATP production at the beginning of an exercise.
a) glycolytic
b) protein
c) anaerobic
d) carbohydrate

A

c) anaerobic

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4
Q

What factors are influenced by the intensity of an exercise?

A

the magnitude of an elevated post-exercise metabolic rate and the duration of an elevated post-exercise metabolic rate

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5
Q

The effectiveness of the ATP-PC system and glycolysis in the first minutes of exercise of a three-minute exercise bout is such that ATP levels in the muscle are virtually _____.
a) depleted
b) doubled
c) tripled
d) unchanged

A

d) unchanged

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6
Q

As the steady-state oxygen consumption is reached, the body’s ATP requirement is met by
a) anaerobic metabolism
b) aerobic metabolism
c) the ATP-PC system
d) the C4 pathway

A

b) aerobic pathway

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7
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

the elevated oxygen uptake (above resting levels) following exercise
OR BASICALLY
the heavy breathing that follows exercise (when you stop exercising)

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8
Q

It was believed that the slow portion of the oxygen debt was due to the oxidative conversion of _____ to glucose in the liver.
a) glycogen
b) glycerol
c) tyrosine
d) lactate

A

d) lactate

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9
Q

What is oxygen debt also known as?

A

EPOC or excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

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10
Q

During a three-minute bout of exercise, the ATP production from _____ was highest in the first minute of exercise.
a) phosphocreatine (PC)
b) ADP
c) cyclic AMP
d) creatine (C)

A

a) phosphocreatine (PC)

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11
Q

According to A. V. Hill, the excess oxygen consumed following exercise was repayment for the _____ incurred at the onset of exercise.
a) lactate accumulation
b) oxygen deficit
c) decrease in glucose levels
d) decrease in systolic pressure

A

b) oxygen deficit

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12
Q

True or false: Higher blood lactate levels during high-intensity exercise indicate that less O2 is required for lactate conversion to glucose in gluconeogenesis.

A

FALSE; if there is more lactate levels that means the body needs more O2 to convert lactate to glucose in gluconeogenesis for the body to produce ATP!

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13
Q

The slow phase of oxygen debt can persist greater than _____ after exercise.
5 mins
10 mins
20 mins
30 mins

A

30 mins

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14
Q

There are two % of oxygen debt. 20% and 80%. Which portions of oxygen debt match the % of oxygen debt they replace? Rapid and slow portion are the choices.

A

Rapid portion -> 20% oxygen debt
Slow portion -> 80% oxygen debt

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15
Q

The energy to perform a short-term exercise of high intensity is produced primarily from _____.

the electron transport chain
aerobic metabolic pathways
the Krebs cycle
anaerobic metabolic pathway

A

anaerobic metabolic pathways

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16
Q

What is known as the process of glucose synthesis from noncarbohydrate sources?

A

gluconeogenesis

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17
Q

The energy to perform a long-term exercise for more than ten minutes is produced primarily from _____.

anaerobic metabolism
aerobic metabolism
the C4 carbon fixation pathway
the glyoxylate cycle

A

aerobic metabolism

18
Q

What are the reasons why excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is greater during high-intensity exercise compared to moderate-intensity exercise?

A
  1. phosphocreatine (PC) is depleted to a greater extent
  2. higher blood lactate levels
  3. higher heat production and body temperature
  4. higher levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine
19
Q

Measuring the _____ is considered by many exercise scientists to be the most valid measurement of cardiovascular fitness of a subject.

basal metabolic rate
oxygen debt
lactate threshold
VO2 max

A

VO2 max

20
Q

A factor that influences VO2 max depends on the muscle’s ability to _____.

produce ATP by anaerobic pathways
store high levels of phosphocreatine
take up oxygen and produce ATP aerobically
prevent breakdown of glycogen stores

A

take up oxygen and produce ATP aerobically

21
Q

_____ is specifically defined as the exercise intensity or oxygen consumption at which a specific blood lactate concentration is reached.

Oxygen debt
Onset of blood lactate accumulation
Lactate threshold
Maximal oxygen uptake or VO2 max

A

onset of blood lactate accumulation

22
Q

Slow muscle fibers contain an LDH isozyme that promotes the formation of _____.

pyruvate
ADP
lactate
NAD

A

pyruvate; LDH promotes the formation of pyruvate by…
LDH -> lactate -> pyruvate

23
Q

When VO2 max is reached during a graded exercise test, an increase in power output _____.

decreases the oxygen uptake
causes a geometric increase in oxygen uptake
results in an exponential increase in oxygen uptake
does not lead to an increase in oxygen uptake

A

does not lead to an increase in oxygen uptake (since VO2 max is already reached)

24
Q

The higher the respiratory exchange ratio (R) value, the greater is the role of _____ as an energy source.

carbohydrate
protein
fat
nucleic acid

A

carbohydrate

25
Q

As the exercise intensity increases, there is an intensity at which the energy derived from carbohydrate exceeds that of fat. This work rate has been labeled as the _____.

crossover point
saturation point
threshold phase
equilibrium phase

A

crossover point

26
Q

The lower the respiratory exchange ratio (R) value, the greater is the contribution of _____ toward generating energy.

fat
carbohydrate
protein
nucleic acid

A

fat

27
Q

Recruitment of fast twitch fibers causes a shift from fat to _____ metabolism.

vitamin
protein
nucleic acid
carbohydrate

A

carbohydrate; fast twitch fibers = high-intensity = more need of ATP = carbohydrate or aerobic metabolism needed

28
Q

High levels of epinephrine increase _____ activity, which causes an increase in muscle glycogen breakdown. This leads to an increased rate of glycolysis and lactate production.

phosphorylase
hydrolase
oxidase
dehydrogenase

A

phosphorylase

29
Q

The rate of fat metabolism during prolonged exercise can be controlled by enzymes called _____.

ligases
phosphorylases
dehydrogenases
lipases

A

lipases

30
Q

What is the function of lipases?

A

it breaks down triglycerides to form free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol

31
Q

True or false: Muscle glycogen stores in the body provide a direct source of carbohydrate for muscle energy metabolism.

A

True

32
Q

Which of the following energy sources play a greater role during low-intensity exercise?

muscle glycogen
muscle phosphocreatine
blood glucose
blood creatinine

A

blood glucose

33
Q

At higher exercise rates, metabolism of muscle _____ increases for energy generation.

creatinine
free fatty acids
glycerol
triglycerides

A

triglycerides

34
Q

During exercise, the skeletal muscle can directly metabolize _____ amino acids such as valine, leucine, and isoleucine to produce ATP.

charged
aromatic
branched-chain
sulfur-containing

A

branched-chain

35
Q

Muscle _____ is the primary carbohydrate energy source during high-intensity exercise.

lactate
pyruvate
glycogen
creatinine

A

glycogen

36
Q

Most fat in the body is stored in the form of _____ in adipocytes.

phospholipids
triglycerides
glycerols
free fatty acids

A

triglycerides

37
Q

During prolonged exercise of more than two hours, enzymes capable of degrading muscle proteins called _____ are activated.

phosphorylases
proteases
peptidyl transferases
pectinases

A

proteases

38
Q

What is the primary source of fat as an energy source during low-intensity exercise?

A

plasma free fatty acids

39
Q

In the liver, the amino acid _____ can be converted to glucose and returned via the blood to skeletal muscle to be utilized as a substrate for producing energy.

threonine
glutamine
alanine
cysteine

A

alanine

40
Q

The activation of enzymes capable of degrading muscle proteins during prolonged exercise, appears to be due to exercise-induced increases in cellular levels of _____ within the muscle fibers.

calcium
magnesium
phosphorus
potassium

A

calcium

41
Q

What is the concept that lactate can be produced in one tissue and then transported to another to be used as an energy source?

A

lactate shuttle

KIN 3306 Unit 1 (5 decks)

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