Ch 1 Common Measurements in Exercise Physiology

Question 1

What is the amount of energy released when fat is the only nutrient metabolized?

Answer 1

4.7 kcal

Question 2

What is the process of measuring a person’s metabolic rate by the measurement of heat production?

Answer 2

direct calorimetry

Question 3

The most common technique used to measure oxygen consumption

Answer 3

open-circuit spirometry

Question 4

What happens when an individual is placed inside a calorimeter?

Answer 4

• heat is lost from respiratory passages

- the individual’s body heat raises the temperature of the circulating water

Question 5

What is a limitation of direct calorimetry?

Answer 5

It is expensive

Question 6

What technique is based on the direct relationship between the amount of oxygen consumed and the amount of heat produced in the body?

Answer 6

indirect calorimetry

Question 7

What is the relationship between metabolic rate and its influence on age and gender?

Answer 7

• The resting metabolic rate varies with age and gender.
• Males typically have a higher resting metabolic rate than Females
• Metabolic rate also decreases with age in both genders

Question 8

When only carbohydrates are used, the amount of energy released is __ per liter of O2 consumption

Answer 8

5.05 kcal per liter of oxygen consumption

Question 9

T or F

When comparing fats and carbohydrates, there is more energy released when only fats are used.

Answer 9

FALSE

• Amt of energy released when fats are used = 4.7 kcal
• Amt of energy released when carbs are used = 5.05 kcal per liter of O2 consumption

Question 10

The energy cost of physical activities can be expressed in terms of

Answer 10

multiples of the MET (metabolic equivalent) unit

Question 11

In the classic technique open-circuit spirometry, the subject does what?

Answer 11

they wear a nose clip to prevent nasal breathing and a respiratory valve that allowed room air to be breathed in

(while the exhaled gas was directed to a collection bag that was later analyzed for gas volume and percent of O2 and CO2).

Question 12

How can the heat produced by an individual inside a calorimeter be computed?

Answer 12

by measuring the temperature change in water per unit of time

Question 13

True or false: It is possible to estimate the energy expended during certain types of physical activities such as walking and running with reasonable precision.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Identify a true statement about direct calorimetry.

a. It involves the use of ergometer that produces heat and makes the process of measuring metabolic rate complicated.
b. It fails to precisely measure the amount of heat production.
c. It does not involve converting the amount of oxygen consumed into heat equivalents.
d. It is one of the least popular techniques for measuring metabolic rate.

Answer 14

A. It involves the use of ergometer that produces heat and makes the process of measuring metabolic rate complicated.

Question 15

What activities have been used to describe oxygen cost using relative VO2?

Answer 15

Walking, running, cycling, climbing

Question 16

When is the most appropriate time to measure the resting metabolic rate of an individual?

Answer 16

when an individual is at quiet supine rest

Question 17

What is expressed as the ratio of the work done to the energy put in to do the work?

Answer 17

Exercise efficiency

Question 18

The metabolic equivalent expression can be used to calculate what?

Answer 18

the number of calories used by the subject per kg of body weight per hour

Question 19

What is the mathematical ratio of work output divided by the energy expended above rest?

Answer 19

Net efficiency

Question 20

One metabolic equivalent (MET) is equivalent to

Answer 20

3. 5 mL per kg per min

3. 5 mL/kg/min

Question 21

Expressing VO2 as a function of the body weight is referred to as __.

Answer 21

relative VO2

Question 22

T or F

The total body expenditure increases when the work rate increases

Answer 22

True

Question 23

___ ____ is one of the most common and simple expressions used to describe exercise efficiency

Answer 23

net efficiency

Question 24

What is most likely to be the factor that causes net efficiency differences in people during a cycle ergometer exercise?

a. the psychological make-up of an individual
b. the gender of an individual
c. the type of muscle fiber
d. the working condition of the cycle ergometer

Answer 24

the type of muscle fiber

Question 25

Which of the following is most likely to be the cause for the loss of energy in machines?

a. Unstable power source
b. Improper wiring in a circuit
c. Friction of the moving parts
d. Working conditions of machines

Answer 25

C. friction of the moving parts

Question 26

What best describes the relationship between work rate and exercise efficiency?

Answer 26

efficiency decreases as the work rate increases

Question 27

At low-to-moderate work rates, a pedaling speed of _____ rpm is generally considered optimum during arm or cycle ergometry.

Answer 27

40 to 60

Question 28

Slow muscle fibers require __ per unit of work performed compared to fast muscle fibers

a. less fat
b. more protein
c. less ATP
d. more calcium ions

Answer 28

c. less ATP

Question 29

Which muscle fiber displays a higher exercise efficiency compared to the other?
Slow muscle fibers
Fast muscle fibers

Answer 29

slow muscle fibers