Ch 1 Common Measurements in Exercise Physiology Flashcards
What is the amount of energy released when fat is the only nutrient metabolized?
4.7 kcal
What is the process of measuring a person’s metabolic rate by the measurement of heat production?
direct calorimetry
The most common technique used to measure oxygen consumption
open-circuit spirometry
What happens when an individual is placed inside a calorimeter?
- heat is lost from respiratory passages
- the individual’s body heat raises the temperature of the circulating water
What is a limitation of direct calorimetry?
It is expensive
What technique is based on the direct relationship between the amount of oxygen consumed and the amount of heat produced in the body?
indirect calorimetry
What is the relationship between metabolic rate and its influence on age and gender?
- The resting metabolic rate varies with age and gender.
- Males typically have a higher resting metabolic rate than Females
- Metabolic rate also decreases with age in both genders
When only carbohydrates are used, the amount of energy released is __ per liter of O2 consumption
5.05 kcal per liter of oxygen consumption
T or F
When comparing fats and carbohydrates, there is more energy released when only fats are used.
FALSE
- Amt of energy released when fats are used = 4.7 kcal
- Amt of energy released when carbs are used = 5.05 kcal per liter of O2 consumption
The energy cost of physical activities can be expressed in terms of
multiples of the MET (metabolic equivalent) unit
In the classic technique open-circuit spirometry, the subject does what?
they wear a nose clip to prevent nasal breathing and a respiratory valve that allowed room air to be breathed in
(while the exhaled gas was directed to a collection bag that was later analyzed for gas volume and percent of O2 and CO2).
How can the heat produced by an individual inside a calorimeter be computed?
by measuring the temperature change in water per unit of time
True or false: It is possible to estimate the energy expended during certain types of physical activities such as walking and running with reasonable precision.
True
Identify a true statement about direct calorimetry.
a. It involves the use of ergometer that produces heat and makes the process of measuring metabolic rate complicated.
b. It fails to precisely measure the amount of heat production.
c. It does not involve converting the amount of oxygen consumed into heat equivalents.
d. It is one of the least popular techniques for measuring metabolic rate.
A. It involves the use of ergometer that produces heat and makes the process of measuring metabolic rate complicated.
What activities have been used to describe oxygen cost using relative VO2?
Walking, running, cycling, climbing
When is the most appropriate time to measure the resting metabolic rate of an individual?
when an individual is at quiet supine rest
What is expressed as the ratio of the work done to the energy put in to do the work?
Exercise efficiency
The metabolic equivalent expression can be used to calculate what?
the number of calories used by the subject per kg of body weight per hour
What is the mathematical ratio of work output divided by the energy expended above rest?
Net efficiency
One metabolic equivalent (MET) is equivalent to
- 5 mL per kg per min
3. 5 mL/kg/min
Expressing VO2 as a function of the body weight is referred to as __.
relative VO2
T or F
The total body expenditure increases when the work rate increases
True
___ ____ is one of the most common and simple expressions used to describe exercise efficiency
net efficiency
What is most likely to be the factor that causes net efficiency differences in people during a cycle ergometer exercise?
a. the psychological make-up of an individual
b. the gender of an individual
c. the type of muscle fiber
d. the working condition of the cycle ergometer
the type of muscle fiber
Which of the following is most likely to be the cause for the loss of energy in machines?
a. Unstable power source
b. Improper wiring in a circuit
c. Friction of the moving parts
d. Working conditions of machines
C. friction of the moving parts
What best describes the relationship between work rate and exercise efficiency?
efficiency decreases as the work rate increases
At low-to-moderate work rates, a pedaling speed of _____ rpm is generally considered optimum during arm or cycle ergometry.
40 to 60
Slow muscle fibers require __ per unit of work performed compared to fast muscle fibers
a. less fat
b. more protein
c. less ATP
d. more calcium ions
c. less ATP
Which muscle fiber displays a higher exercise efficiency compared to the other?
Slow muscle fibers
Fast muscle fibers
slow muscle fibers
