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Intro To Psych > Ch 4 Conciousness > Flashcards

Ch 4 Conciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

A persons awareness of everything that is going around him or her at any given time.

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2
Q

Waking Consciousness

A

State in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized and the person feels alert.

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3
Q

Altered State of Consciousness

A

State in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to the waking consciousness.

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4
Q

Circadian Rythm

A

A cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24- hour period.

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5
Q

Microsleeps

A

Brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds,

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6
Q

Adaptive Theory

A

Theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active.

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7
Q

Restorative Theory

A

Theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage.

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8
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

Any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability.

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9
Q

Rapid Eye Movement
(R,REM)

A

Stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream,

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10
Q

Non-REM Sleep
(NREM)

A

Any stage of sleep that do not include REM.

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11
Q

Beta Waves

A

Smaller and faster brain waves, typically indicating mental activity.

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12
Q

Alpha Waves

A

Brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep.

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13
Q

Theta Waves

A

Brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep.

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14
Q

Delta Waves

A

Long, slow brain waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep.

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15
Q

Sleep Paralysis

A

The inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep.

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16
Q

REM Behavior Disorder
(RBD)

A

A rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares.

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17
Q

REM Rebound

A

Increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights.

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18
Q

Nightmares

A

Bad dreams occurring during REM sleep.

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19
Q

Night Terrors

A

Relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extremes fear and screams or runs around during sleep without waking fully.

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20
Q

Sleepwalking
(Somnambulism)

A

Occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or walking around in one’s sleep.

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21
Q

Insomnia

A

The inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or get quality sleep.

22
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

Disorder in which the person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more while asleep.

23
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning.

24
Q

Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis

A

Premise that states that dreams are created by the higher centers of the cortex to explain the activation by the brain stem of cortical cells during REM sleep periods.

25
Q

Activation-Information-Mode Model
(AIM)

A

Revised version of the activation-synthesis explanation of dreams in which information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams.

26
Q

Hypnosis

A

State of consciousness in which the person is especially susceptible to suggestion.

27
Q

Dissociation

A

Divided state of conscious awareness.

28
Q

Social-Cognitive Theory of Hypnosis

A

Theory that assumes that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state but are merely playing the roles expected of them in the situation.

29
Q

Drug Tolerence

A

The decrease of the response to a drug over repeated uses, leading to the need for higher doses of drug to achieve the same effect.

30
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

The belief that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being.

31
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system.

32
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system.

33
Q

Hallucinogenics

A

Drugs including hallucinogens and marijuana that a produce hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication.

34
Q

Amphetamines

A

Stimulants that are synthesized (made) in laboratories rather than being found in nature.

35
Q

Cocaine

A

A natural drug derived from the leaves of the coca plant.

36
Q

Nicotine

A

The stimulant found in tobacco.

37
Q

Caffeine

A

A mild stimulant found in coffee, te, and several other plant based substances.

38
Q

Barbiturates

A

Depressant drugs that have a sedative effect.

39
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

Drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress.

40
Q

Alcohol

A

The chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter.

41
Q

Opiates

A

A class of opium-related drugs that suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous system’s natural receptor sites for endorphins.

42
Q

Opium

A

Substance derived from the opium poppy from which all narcotic drugs are derived.

43
Q

Morphine

A

Narcotic drug derived from opium, used to treat severe pain.

44
Q

Heroin

A

Narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addictive.

45
Q

Opioids

A

Synthetic drugs that mimic the pain-reducing effects of opiates and their addictive properties.

46
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality.

47
Q

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
(LSD)

A

Powerful synthetic hallucinogen.

48
Q

PCP

A

Synthesized drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects.

49
Q

MDMA
(ecstasy or X)

A

Designer drug that can have both stimulant and hallucinatory effects.

50
Q

Stimulatory Hallucinogenics

A

Drugs that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects.

51
Q

Marijuana
(Pot/Weed)

A

Mild hallucinogen derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant.

Intro To Psych (5 decks)

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