Ch. 4- Carbohydrates Flashcards
A high-fiber diet is helpful for weight management because:
a. it provides few calories
b. it is high in protein
c. its bulk contributes to satiety
d. it stimulates appetite
a. it provides few calories
c. its bulk contributes to satiety
What is a digestible straight-chain of starch composed of glucose units called?
amylose
Patients who experience reactive hypoglycemia may benefit from eating:
- as little fat as possible
- smaller and more frequent meals
- 2 large meals per day
- meals with a mixture of macronutrients
b. smaller and more frequent meals
d. meals with a mixture of macronutrients
Fiber is mostly made up of ___
polysaccharides
Rank each of the following foods based on carbohydrate content, from highest (top) to lowest (bottom):
a. baked potato, 1 medium
b. banana, 1 medium
c. egg, 1 large
d. fat-free milk, 1 cup
- baked potato, 1 medium
- banana, 1 medium
- fat-free milk, 1 cup
- egg, 1 large
Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose:
a. Insulin
b. Glucagon
- increased blood glucose
- decreases blood glucose
a. insulin DECREASES blood glucose
b. glucagon INCREASES blood glucose
Which of the following foods contains the greatest percentage of simple carbohydrates?
- Jelly
- Fat-free milk
- Peas
- Oatmeal
- Beef
Jelly
Which of the following statements about fiber are true?
- Adds bulk to feces
- A substance found in plants
- Is a complex carbohydrate
- Can be digested by human enzymes
- Adds bulk to feces
- A substance found in plants
- Is a complex carbohydrate
True of False: The increased bulk of a high-fiber meal promotes a feeling of fullness without yielding many calories.
True.
Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides?
- sucrose
- amylopectin
- lactose
- amylose
- cellulose
- amylopectin
- amylose
- cellulose
Which macronutrient provides 9 kilocalories calories per gram?
a. protein
b. carbohydrates
c. fat
C. Fat
The combination of a very high fiber intake (>60 grams per day) and low fluid intake can lead to:
- diarrhea
- constipation
- intestinal blockages
- heartburn
- constipation
3. intestinal blockages
What does the term starch mean?
A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest.
Name the major monosaccharide found in the body:
glucose
Milk and other dairy products are major food sources of __ (a disaccharide)
lactose
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines recomment that __ of our grains come from whole grains.
a. none
b. 1/4
c. all
d. 1/2
d. 1/2
Which of the following statements about fiber are true?
a. a substance found in plants
b. a complex carbohydrate
c. adds bulk to feces
d. can be digested by human enzymes
a. a substance found in plants
b. a complex carbohydrate
c. adds bulk to the feces
Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?
fructose
What are some natural food sources of sucrose?
- maple sugar
- sugar beets
- milk
- breakdown of starches
- maple sugar
2. sugar beets
Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many (ex. hundreds) of glucose units together?
a. disaccharides
b. polysaccharides
c. saccharin
d. monosaccharides
b. Polysaccharides
Place in order the following four steps in the digestion and absorption process of carbohydrates:
- enzymes break down starch into maltose in the small intestine
- viscous fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine
- nonfermentable fiber escapes digestion and is excreted in feces
- salivary amylase is inactivated by strong acids in the stomach
- Salivary amylase is inactivated by strong acids in the stomach
- Enzymes break down starch into maltose int he small intestine
- Viscous fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine
- Nonfermentable fiber escapes digestion and is excreted in feces
Which of the following are components of a whole grain?
- endosperm
- glucagon
- germ
- bran
- endosperm
- germ
- bran
Tooth decay is the only healthy problem clearly associated with eating:
- carbohydrates
- protein
- lipids
- carbohydrates
Sucrose is made up of 2 monosaccharides: glucose and ___
fructose
Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two __ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.
amino
Providing energy is the primary function of:
carbohydrate
Which of the following are good sources of starch in the diet?
- whole wheat bread
- pasta
- potatoes
- scallops
- whole wheat bread
- pasta
- potatoes
__ is also known as dextrose or blood sugar.
Glucose
When bacteria in the mouth metabolize ___, they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to dental caries.
carbohydrates
Grains containing the entire seed of the plant, including the bran, germ, and endosperm (starchy interior) are called:
- soluble fiber
- whole grains
- insoluble fiber
- refined grains
- whole grains
