Ch. 4- Carbohydrates

Question 1

A high-fiber diet is helpful for weight management because:

a. it provides few calories
b. it is high in protein
c. its bulk contributes to satiety
d. it stimulates appetite

Answer 1

a. it provides few calories

c. its bulk contributes to satiety

Question 2

What is a digestible straight-chain of starch composed of glucose units called?

Answer 2

amylose

Question 3

Patients who experience reactive hypoglycemia may benefit from eating:

1. as little fat as possible
2. smaller and more frequent meals
3. 2 large meals per day
4. meals with a mixture of macronutrients

Answer 3

b. smaller and more frequent meals

d. meals with a mixture of macronutrients

Question 4

Fiber is mostly made up of ___

Answer 4

polysaccharides

Question 5

Rank each of the following foods based on carbohydrate content, from highest (top) to lowest (bottom):

a. baked potato, 1 medium
b. banana, 1 medium
c. egg, 1 large
d. fat-free milk, 1 cup

Answer 5

1. baked potato, 1 medium
2. banana, 1 medium
3. fat-free milk, 1 cup
4. egg, 1 large

Question 6

Match the hormone with its effect on blood glucose:

a. Insulin
b. Glucagon

1. increased blood glucose
2. decreases blood glucose

Answer 6

a. insulin DECREASES blood glucose

b. glucagon INCREASES blood glucose

Question 7

Which of the following foods contains the greatest percentage of simple carbohydrates?

• Jelly
• Fat-free milk
• Peas
• Oatmeal
• Beef

Answer 7

Jelly

Question 8

Which of the following statements about fiber are true?

1. Adds bulk to feces
2. A substance found in plants
3. Is a complex carbohydrate
4. Can be digested by human enzymes

Answer 8

1. Adds bulk to feces
2. A substance found in plants
3. Is a complex carbohydrate

Question 9

True of False: The increased bulk of a high-fiber meal promotes a feeling of fullness without yielding many calories.

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

Which of the following are examples of polysaccharides?

• sucrose
• amylopectin
• lactose
• amylose
• cellulose

Answer 10

• amylopectin
• amylose
• cellulose

Question 11

Which macronutrient provides 9 kilocalories calories per gram?

a. protein
b. carbohydrates
c. fat

Answer 11

C. Fat

Question 12

The combination of a very high fiber intake (>60 grams per day) and low fluid intake can lead to:

1. diarrhea
2. constipation
3. intestinal blockages
4. heartburn

Answer 12

2. constipation

3. intestinal blockages

Question 13

What does the term starch mean?

Answer 13

A carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest.

Question 14

Name the major monosaccharide found in the body:

Answer 14

glucose

Question 15

Milk and other dairy products are major food sources of __ (a disaccharide)

Answer 15

lactose

Question 16

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines recomment that __ of our grains come from whole grains.

a. none
b. 1/4
c. all
d. 1/2

Answer 16

d. 1/2

Question 17

Which of the following statements about fiber are true?

a. a substance found in plants
b. a complex carbohydrate
c. adds bulk to feces
d. can be digested by human enzymes

Answer 17

a. a substance found in plants
b. a complex carbohydrate
c. adds bulk to the feces

Question 18

Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit?

Answer 18

fructose

Question 19

What are some natural food sources of sucrose?

1. maple sugar
2. sugar beets
3. milk
4. breakdown of starches

Answer 19

1. maple sugar

2. sugar beets

Question 20

Which type of carbohydrate is formed by linking many (ex. hundreds) of glucose units together?

a. disaccharides
b. polysaccharides
c. saccharin
d. monosaccharides

Answer 20

b. Polysaccharides

Question 21

Place in order the following four steps in the digestion and absorption process of carbohydrates:

1. enzymes break down starch into maltose in the small intestine
2. viscous fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine
3. nonfermentable fiber escapes digestion and is excreted in feces
4. salivary amylase is inactivated by strong acids in the stomach

Answer 21

4. Salivary amylase is inactivated by strong acids in the stomach
5. Enzymes break down starch into maltose int he small intestine
6. Viscous fiber is fermented by bacteria in the large intestine
7. Nonfermentable fiber escapes digestion and is excreted in feces

Question 22

Which of the following are components of a whole grain?

1. endosperm
2. glucagon
3. germ
4. bran

Answer 22

1. endosperm
2. germ
3. bran

Question 23

Tooth decay is the only healthy problem clearly associated with eating:

1. carbohydrates
2. protein
3. lipids

Answer 23

1. carbohydrates

Question 24

Sucrose is made up of 2 monosaccharides: glucose and ___

Answer 24

fructose

Question 25

Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two __ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.

Answer 25

amino

Question 26

Providing energy is the primary function of:

Answer 26

carbohydrate

Question 27

Which of the following are good sources of starch in the diet?

1. whole wheat bread
2. pasta
3. potatoes
4. scallops

Answer 27

1. whole wheat bread
2. pasta
3. potatoes

Question 28

__ is also known as dextrose or blood sugar.

Answer 28

Glucose

Question 29

When bacteria in the mouth metabolize ___, they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to dental caries.

Answer 29

carbohydrates

Question 30

Grains containing the entire seed of the plant, including the bran, germ, and endosperm (starchy interior) are called:

1. soluble fiber
2. whole grains
3. insoluble fiber
4. refined grains

Answer 30

2. whole grains