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Nutrition > Ch. 3- The Human Body: A Nutrition Perspective > Flashcards

Ch. 3- The Human Body: A Nutrition Perspective Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements accurately describes an organelle?

  1. Compartment, particle, or filament
  2. The pancreas is one example
  3. Found in the cytoplasm
  4. Performs a specialized function
A
  1. Compartment, particle, or filament
  2. Found in the cytoplasm
  3. Performs a specialized function
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2
Q

The __ system is an example of an organ system:

a. bladder
b. pancreatic
c. metabolic
d. cardiovascular

A

d. cardiovascular

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3
Q

Digestive enzymes are very specific with regard to the:

  1. vitamin or mineral cofactors they require to function
  2. type of chemical reaction they catalyze
  3. pH of the environment in which they function
  4. type of bacteria for which they provide fuel
A
  1. vitamin of mineral cofactors they require to function
  2. type of chemical reaction they catalyze
  3. pH of the environment in which they function
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4
Q

Self-contained, living structures that join together to form tissues are called:

A

cells

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5
Q

Put the following digestive organs in the order they come in contact with food:

  1. stomach
  2. esophagus
  3. small intestine
  4. mouth
  5. large intestine
A
  1. Mouth
  2. Esophagus
  3. Stomach
  4. Small intestine
  5. Large intestine
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6
Q

Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are 2 branches of:

A

Nutritional genomics

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7
Q

Name the high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cell:

A

ATP

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8
Q

Match the accessory organ with it digestive function:

  1. gallbladder
  2. pancreas
  3. liver

a. stores bile
b. manufactures hormones
c. produces bile

A

Gallbladder: Stores bile
Pancreas: Manufactures hormones
Liver: Produces bile

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9
Q

After blood flows through the body, it returns to the heart through the:

A

veins

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10
Q

Which of the following cell components are organelles?

  1. Lysosome
  2. Chromosome
  3. Protein
  4. Mitochondrion
A
  1. Lysosome

4. Mitochondrion

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11
Q

Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the:

A

Small intestine

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12
Q

Place the following parts of the large intestine in order, from the time food matter enters from the small intestine until it exits the body:

  1. cecum
  2. transverse colon
  3. sigmoid colon
  4. descending colon
  5. ascending colon
A
  1. cecum
  2. ascending colon
  3. transverse colon
  4. descending colon
  5. sigmoid colon
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13
Q

The primary site for storage of fat is the:

A

adipose tissue

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14
Q

Which of the following are secreted by the pancreas?

  1. glucagon
  2. lipase
  3. insulin
  4. amylase
A
  1. glucagon

3. insulin

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15
Q

What is the name for the cellular structure that houses DNA?

A

nucleus

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16
Q

Arrange the parts of the small intestine in the order they appear in the GI tract:

  1. Duodenum
  2. Ileum
  3. Jejunum
A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
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17
Q

Feces are expelled from the body through the:

A

anal sphincters

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18
Q

The heart, capillaries, and veins make up the __ system:

A

cardiovascular

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19
Q

Match the organ with the primary nutrient absorbed there:

  1. stomach
  2. small intestine
  3. large intestine

a. glucose, vitamins, bile acids
b. some alcohol (about 20%)
c. potassium and sodium

A

Stomach: some alcohol (about 20%)

Small intestine: glucose, vitamins, bile acids

Large intestine: Potassium and sodium

20
Q

Adipose tissue is the storage site for:

A

Fat

21
Q

Which of the following are functions of the cell membrane?

a. main site of protein synthesis
b. allows cell-to-cell communication
c. provides the structure for the cell
d. controls the substances that pass through the cells

A

b. cell to cell communication
c. provides the structure for the cell.
d. controls the substances that pass through the cells

22
Q

The nucleus, Golgi complex, and lysosomes are examples of:

A

organelles

23
Q

The regulation of blood glucose level by insulin and glucagon is the __ function of the pancreas.

  1. exocrine
  2. endocrine
A
  1. endocrine
24
Q

Chyme is formed in the __ as food is mixed with digestive secretions.

A

stomach

25
Q

Which of the following are functions of the nervous system?

  1. directs movements
  2. controls intellectual functioning
  3. detects sensations
  4. transports nutrients and wastes
A
  1. directs movements
  2. controls intellectual functioning
  3. detects sensations
26
Q

Identify the parts of the urinary system:

  1. kidneys
  2. urethra
  3. duodenum
  4. bladder
  5. anus
A
  1. kidneys
  2. urethra
  3. bladder
27
Q

The processes involved in making nutrients available to the body from the foods we eat occur in what order?

  1. Digestion
  2. Metabolism
  3. Absorption
  4. Ingestion
A
  1. Ingestion
  2. Digestion
  3. Absorption
  4. Metabolism
28
Q

Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called;

A

peristalsis

29
Q

The “powerhouse” of the cell is the:

A

mitochondria

30
Q

When gallstones block the duct that carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine, a person usually experiences pain in the:

  1. lower right abdomen
  2. upper left abdomen
  3. middle of the back
  4. upper right abdomen
A
  1. upper right abdomen
31
Q

How well a person’s individual organs work is determined by:

a. body composition of the person
b. his/her overall nutritional state
c. the size of the individual organ
d. only the lack of protein in the diet

A

b. his/her overall nutritional state

32
Q

Epinephrine is also called:

A

aderenaline

33
Q

Which of the following are nutrients that enable chemical reactions to take place within the cells of the body?

  1. vitamins
  2. minerals
  3. oxygen
  4. protein
A
  1. vitamins
  2. minerals
  3. protein
34
Q

Which of the following are components of saliva?

  1. lubricants
  2. lipase
  3. gastrin
  4. pepsin
  5. amylase
A
  1. Lubricants
  2. Lipase
  3. Amylase
35
Q

__ is the storage form of glucose in the body.

A

Glycogen

36
Q

Which of the following are signs of hemorrhoids?

  1. Frothy, foul-smelling stool
  2. Itching in the rectal area
  3. Pain with bowel movements
  4. Streaks of blood in the stool
A
  1. Itching in the rectal area
  2. Pain with bowel movements
  3. Streaks of blood in the stool
37
Q

People with celiac disease experience an immunological reaction to the protein ___, which is commonly found in wheat.

A

gluten

38
Q

Enzymes are part of a chemical reaction and __ altered in the process.

A

are not

39
Q

Match the hormone with the gland or organ from which it is secreted:

  1. Pancreas
  2. Adrenal glands
  3. Pituitary gland
  4. Thyroid gland

a. Insulin and glucagon
b. Thyroid hormone
c. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. Growth hormone

A

Pancreas: Insulin and Glucagon
Adrenal glands: Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Pituitary gland: Growth hormone
Thyroid gland: Thyroid hormone

40
Q

The contents of the stomach pass through the pyloric sphincter at the rate of a __ at a time.

A

teaspoon

41
Q

During protein synthesis, RNA is translated by the ___, which are located within the endoplasmic reticulum.

A

ribosomes

42
Q

The study of how food impacts health through its interaction with genes is called:

A

nutrigenomics

43
Q

Identify causes of hemorrhoids:

A
  1. Straining during bowel movements
  2. Pregnancy and obesity
  3. Added stress to the veins of the rectum and anus
44
Q

How are nutrition and genetics linked?

A
  1. Genes determine nutrient requirements
  2. Nutrients affect gene expression
  3. Genes influence development of some nutritional diseases
45
Q

Which of the following are pancreatic enzymes that function in digestion of food?

  1. Lipase
  2. Insulin
  3. Amylase
  4. Glucagon
A
  1. Lipase

3. Amylase

Nutrition (5 decks)

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