Ch. 3- The Human Body: A Nutrition Perspective Flashcards
Which of the following statements accurately describes an organelle?
- Compartment, particle, or filament
- The pancreas is one example
- Found in the cytoplasm
- Performs a specialized function
- Compartment, particle, or filament
- Found in the cytoplasm
- Performs a specialized function
The __ system is an example of an organ system:
a. bladder
b. pancreatic
c. metabolic
d. cardiovascular
d. cardiovascular
Digestive enzymes are very specific with regard to the:
- vitamin or mineral cofactors they require to function
- type of chemical reaction they catalyze
- pH of the environment in which they function
- type of bacteria for which they provide fuel
- vitamin of mineral cofactors they require to function
- type of chemical reaction they catalyze
- pH of the environment in which they function
Self-contained, living structures that join together to form tissues are called:
cells
Put the following digestive organs in the order they come in contact with food:
- stomach
- esophagus
- small intestine
- mouth
- large intestine
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
Nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics are 2 branches of:
Nutritional genomics
Name the high-energy compound generated by the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins in the cell:
ATP
Match the accessory organ with it digestive function:
- gallbladder
- pancreas
- liver
a. stores bile
b. manufactures hormones
c. produces bile
Gallbladder: Stores bile
Pancreas: Manufactures hormones
Liver: Produces bile
After blood flows through the body, it returns to the heart through the:
veins
Which of the following cell components are organelles?
- Lysosome
- Chromosome
- Protein
- Mitochondrion
- Lysosome
4. Mitochondrion
Most digestion and absorption of food occurs in the:
Small intestine
Place the following parts of the large intestine in order, from the time food matter enters from the small intestine until it exits the body:
- cecum
- transverse colon
- sigmoid colon
- descending colon
- ascending colon
- cecum
- ascending colon
- transverse colon
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
The primary site for storage of fat is the:
adipose tissue
Which of the following are secreted by the pancreas?
- glucagon
- lipase
- insulin
- amylase
- glucagon
3. insulin
What is the name for the cellular structure that houses DNA?
nucleus
Arrange the parts of the small intestine in the order they appear in the GI tract:
- Duodenum
- Ileum
- Jejunum
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
Feces are expelled from the body through the:
anal sphincters
The heart, capillaries, and veins make up the __ system:
cardiovascular
Match the organ with the primary nutrient absorbed there:
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
a. glucose, vitamins, bile acids
b. some alcohol (about 20%)
c. potassium and sodium
Stomach: some alcohol (about 20%)
Small intestine: glucose, vitamins, bile acids
Large intestine: Potassium and sodium
Adipose tissue is the storage site for:
Fat
Which of the following are functions of the cell membrane?
a. main site of protein synthesis
b. allows cell-to-cell communication
c. provides the structure for the cell
d. controls the substances that pass through the cells
b. cell to cell communication
c. provides the structure for the cell.
d. controls the substances that pass through the cells
The nucleus, Golgi complex, and lysosomes are examples of:
organelles
The regulation of blood glucose level by insulin and glucagon is the __ function of the pancreas.
- exocrine
- endocrine
- endocrine
Chyme is formed in the __ as food is mixed with digestive secretions.
stomach
Which of the following are functions of the nervous system?
- directs movements
- controls intellectual functioning
- detects sensations
- transports nutrients and wastes
- directs movements
- controls intellectual functioning
- detects sensations
Identify the parts of the urinary system:
- kidneys
- urethra
- duodenum
- bladder
- anus
- kidneys
- urethra
- bladder
The processes involved in making nutrients available to the body from the foods we eat occur in what order?
- Digestion
- Metabolism
- Absorption
- Ingestion
- Ingestion
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Metabolism
Waves of muscular contractions that propel food along the gastrointestinal tract are called;
peristalsis
The “powerhouse” of the cell is the:
mitochondria
When gallstones block the duct that carries bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine, a person usually experiences pain in the:
- lower right abdomen
- upper left abdomen
- middle of the back
- upper right abdomen
- upper right abdomen
How well a person’s individual organs work is determined by:
a. body composition of the person
b. his/her overall nutritional state
c. the size of the individual organ
d. only the lack of protein in the diet
b. his/her overall nutritional state
Epinephrine is also called:
aderenaline
Which of the following are nutrients that enable chemical reactions to take place within the cells of the body?
- vitamins
- minerals
- oxygen
- protein
- vitamins
- minerals
- protein
Which of the following are components of saliva?
- lubricants
- lipase
- gastrin
- pepsin
- amylase
- Lubricants
- Lipase
- Amylase
__ is the storage form of glucose in the body.
Glycogen
Which of the following are signs of hemorrhoids?
- Frothy, foul-smelling stool
- Itching in the rectal area
- Pain with bowel movements
- Streaks of blood in the stool
- Itching in the rectal area
- Pain with bowel movements
- Streaks of blood in the stool
People with celiac disease experience an immunological reaction to the protein ___, which is commonly found in wheat.
gluten
Enzymes are part of a chemical reaction and __ altered in the process.
are not
Match the hormone with the gland or organ from which it is secreted:
- Pancreas
- Adrenal glands
- Pituitary gland
- Thyroid gland
a. Insulin and glucagon
b. Thyroid hormone
c. Epinephrine and norepinephrine
d. Growth hormone
Pancreas: Insulin and Glucagon
Adrenal glands: Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Pituitary gland: Growth hormone
Thyroid gland: Thyroid hormone
The contents of the stomach pass through the pyloric sphincter at the rate of a __ at a time.
teaspoon
During protein synthesis, RNA is translated by the ___, which are located within the endoplasmic reticulum.
ribosomes
The study of how food impacts health through its interaction with genes is called:
nutrigenomics
Identify causes of hemorrhoids:
- Straining during bowel movements
- Pregnancy and obesity
- Added stress to the veins of the rectum and anus
How are nutrition and genetics linked?
- Genes determine nutrient requirements
- Nutrients affect gene expression
- Genes influence development of some nutritional diseases
Which of the following are pancreatic enzymes that function in digestion of food?
- Lipase
- Insulin
- Amylase
- Glucagon
- Lipase
3. Amylase
