Ch. 4: Atoms and Elements

Question 1

List the three subatomic particles and their properties (symbol, mass in amu, and charge)

Answer 1

Particle Mass(kg) Mass(amu) Charge
Proton 1.67262x10^-27 1 +1
Neutron 1.67493x10^-27 1 0
Electron 0.00091x10-27 0.00055 -1

Question 2

What does the atomic number of an element specify?

Answer 2

How many protons the element has.

Question 3

What are the properties of metals? Where are metals found on the periodic table?

Answer 3

They have similar properties. They are good conductors of heat and electricity; they can be pounded into flat sheets (malleability); they can be drawn into wires (ductility); they are often shiny; and they tend to lose electrons when they undergo chemical changes.
They are found on the left side of the periodic table.
Examples: iron, magnesium, chromium, and sodium.

Question 4

What are the properties of nonmetals? Where are nonmetals found on the periodic table?

Answer 4

They have more varied properties. Some are solids at room temperature, others are gases, but as a whole they tend to be poor conductors of heat and electricity, and they tend to gain electrons when they undergo chemical changes. They are found on the upper right side of the periodic table.
Examples: oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, and iodine

Question 5

Where on the periodic table are metalloids found?

Answer 5

Most lie along the zigzag diagonal line dividing metals and nonmetals

Question 6

What is a family or group of elements?

Answer 6

Each column within the main-group elements in the periodic table is labeled as a family or group of elements. The elements within a group usually have similar chemical properties.

Question 7

What is an ion?

Answer 7

An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons and has become charged.

Question 8

What is an anion? What is a cation?

Answer 8

Negatively charged ions, such as F-, are anions.

Positively charged ions, such as Li+, are cations.

Question 9

Where are electrons located in an atom?

Answer 9

Outside the nucleus

Question 10

Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom?

Answer 10

In the nucleus

Question 11

What is the atomic number and its symbol?

Answer 11

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Z

Question 12

What is the mass number and its symbol?

Answer 12

The average mass of the atom

A

Question 13

What are the main representatives of metals?

Answer 13

iron, magnesium, chromium, and sodium

Question 14

What are the main representatives of nonmetals?

Answer 14

oxygen, nitrogen, chlorine, and iodine

Question 15

What are the main representatives of metalloids?

Answer 15

silicon, arsenic, and germanium

Question 16

What are the numberings for the element groups?

Answer 16

1-18 or

1A, 2A, 3B, 4B, 5B, 6B, 7B, 8B, 8B, 8B, 1B, 2B, 3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A

Question 17

What are noble gasses and what group are they in?

Answer 17

Chemically inert or stable gasses. They wont combine with other elements to form compounds (helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon).
Group 8A or 18

Question 18

What are alkali metals and what group are they in?

Answer 18

Very reactive metals (sodium, lithium, potassium, and rubidium).
Group 1A or 1

Question 19

What are alkaline earth metals and what group are they in?

Answer 19

Fairly reactive, although not quite as reactive as the alkali metals (calcium, magnesium, strontium, and barium)
Group 2A or 2

Question 20

What are halogens and what group are they found in?

Answer 20

Very reactive nonmetals (chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine).
Group 7A or 17

Question 21

What is an isotope?

Answer 21

One of two or more atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons