Ch. 4

Question 1

What 3 hormones do the ovaries produce?

Answer 1

Androgen, Estrogen, & progesterone

Question 2

What does the hormone progesterone do?

Answer 2

It regulates the menstrual cycle and prepares the uterus for pregnancy.

Question 3

What is a hermaphrodite?

Answer 3

Someone born with ovarian & testicular tissue.

- Can happen in XX, XY, or XXY

Question 4

Define Intersexed

Answer 4

When someone is born exhibiting both male and female external genitals.
- Part of the transgendered community

Question 5

Turner’s Syndrome

Answer 5

1/2,500 female births. Ovum without any sex chromosome

• typical external genitalia, but ovaries do not develop.
• ovaries do not produce steriod hormones..causing amenorrhea infertility.

Question 6

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

Answer 6

1/600 male births. Ovum contains extra X chromosome resulting in XXY. These men are infertile, tall w. feminized contours, have small testicles, low testosterone.

Question 7

XYY Syndrome:

Answer 7

“Super Males” - may be sterile…thought to be more aggressive (not true).

Question 8

Triple X Syndrome:

Answer 8

May cause slight mental retardation & fertility problems.

Question 9

Adrenogenital Syndrome (AGS) or Cogenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH)

Answer 9

1/5,000 - 1/15,000 births. Genetic female (XX), exposed to large amounts of androgen during prenatal development due to low cortisol levels.
- Internal organs remain female, but external organs may appear masculinized.

Question 10

5 alpha reductase syndrome:

Answer 10

genital folds fuse to form the scrotum during male development in utero.

• DHT is critical for genital fusing
• males that lack this undergo incomplete differentiation of external genitalia
• These males are raised as girls until they reach puberty.

Question 11

Androgen - insensitivity syndrome (AIS)

Answer 11

1 /41,000 - 99,000
- Genetics male (XY) does not respond to androgens & develops internal testes, w. female external genitalia.
Cause: single error in the gene for the androgen receptor.