Ch. 2

Question 1

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 1

A change in the gene pool over time.

Question 2

Evolutionary theory includes all of the following biological differences between sexes except:

a. Genetic assurance
b. Preference for healthy mate
c. parental investment
d. reproductive potential

Answer 2

b. preference for healthy mate

Question 3

Sigmund Freud divided the mind into 3 sections which included….

Answer 3

The id, ego, and superego.

Question 4

What are the 3 basic biological differences between the sexes?

Answer 4

1. Genetic Assurance
   - females have greater genetic assurance (they are sure that their children are their’s.)
2. Parental investment
   - pregnancy, childbirth,breastfeeding, & child care
3. Reproductive potential
   - female’s reproductive capacity is limited 1 baby per year
   - males reproductive capacity is much larger and they remain fertile for a longer period of time compared to women.

Question 5

What percentage of women never orgasm when having sex?

Answer 5

25%

Question 6

Evolutionary Theory can provide an explanation for _____ but it does not provide _____.

Answer 6

Behavior; Justification.

Question 7

What is Naturalistic Fallacy?

Answer 7

is = ought to be

- If something is natural (like men treating women poorly), then it is morally acceptable.

Question 8

Who came up with the word “libido” ?

Answer 8

Sigmund Freud

Question 9

When does the Oral Stage of development occur? Describe this stage.

Answer 9

It starts when one is an infant.

• erogenous zone = the mouth
• first used for sucking then for biting
• difficulty during this stage would result in fixation on compulsive talking, smoking, eating, etc.

Question 10

When does the Anal Stage of development occur? Describe this stage.

Answer 10

It starts during the 2nd year of life.

• Occurs during toilet training
• People fixated on this stage become anal expulsive

Question 11

When does the Phallic Stage of development occur? Describe this stage.

Answer 11

This starts when children discover their genitals.

• kids attach themselves to the parent of the opposite sex.
• kids develop a sense of gender

Question 12

During the Phallic Stage, the boy’s attachment to his mother is called what?

Answer 12

Oedipus Complex

Question 13

During the Phallic Stage, the girl’s attachment to her father is called what?

Answer 13

Electra Complex

Question 14

What is the Latency Stage?

Answer 14

The period after the Phallic Stage, a period of inactivity.

Question 15

What stage does puberty occur?

Answer 15

The Genital Stage

Question 16

A person is acting a certain way because they expect to be punished or rewarded…What Learning Theory is this an example of?

Answer 16

Social Learning Theory - people have expectancies

Question 17

Master & Johnson Research

Answer 17

Direct observations of sexual behaviors.

Question 18

Bell & Weinberg & Hammersmith Research

Answer 18

Only surveyed homosexuals in San Francisco area at bars

Question 19

Humphreys Reseach

Answer 19

• There was no informed consent
• Deceived participants
• Acted as a “lookout” for police while he secretly observed sexual behavior

Question 20

What are some difficulties in sex Research?

Answer 20

• funding
• confidentiality
• ethics, triggers, debriefing