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AP Government > Ch. 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Ch. 4 & 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

1) Civillibertiesare
A)freedomsthatarenotspecifiedintheConstitutionorinstatutorylaws,butmakeupthe UnwrittenConstitution.
B) therightstovoteandparticipateinthepoliticalprocessinademocracy.
C) lawsthatprovideandsetlimitsononeʹsfreedoms.
D) citizensʹrightstoequaltreatmentunderthelaw.
E) individuallegalandconstitutionalprotectionsagainstthegovernment.

A

E)individuallegalandconstitutionalprotectionsagainstthegovernment

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2
Q 
2) Americansʹcivillibertiesaresetdownin
A) theDeclarationofIndependence.
B) theBillofRights.
C) ArticleIoftheConstitution.
D) nowrittendocumentorlaw.
E) thePreambletotheConstitution.
A

B) theBillofRights

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3
Q 
3) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_isthefinalinterpreterofthecontentandscopeofAmericansʹcivilliberties.
A) president
B) Congress
C) SupremeCourt
D) AmericanCivilLibertiesUnion
E) Constitution
A

C) SupremeCourt

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4
Q

4) Civillibertiesconsistof
A) legalandconstitutionalprotectionsagainstthegovernment.
B) therighttobetreatedequallyunderthelaw.
C) thecumulativedecisionsoftheSupremeCourt.
D) therightofcitizenstosuegovernment

A

A) legalandconstitutionalprotectionsagainstthegovernment

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5
Q

5) AtthetimeoftheratificationoftheConstitution,
A) allstateshadbillsofrightsbuttherewasnonationalBillofRights.
B) thenationalBillofRightsalsoappliedtothestates.
C) therewerenobillsofrightsintheUnitedStates.
D) boththenationalgovernmentandthestateshadbillsofrights.
E) thenationalgovernmenthadaBillofRightsbut,therewerenostatebillsofrights.

A

A) allstateshadbillsofrightsbuttherewasnonationalBillofRights.

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6
Q

6) TheBillofRightswaswrittenandproposedby
A) theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtin1796.
B) theFirstCongressoftheUnitedStatesin1789.
C) theConstitutionalConventionin1787.
D) PresidentGeorgeWashingtonin1789.
E) PresidentThomasJeffersonin1801.

A

B) theFirstCongressoftheUnitedStatesin1789.

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7
Q

7) TheBillofRightswasadoptedprimarilyinresponseto
A) theSpanishInquisition.
B) Britishabusesofthecolonistsʹcivilliberties.
C) theabusescommittedbytheUnitedStatesContinentalArmyduringtheRevolutionary War.
D) thehorrorsoftheFrenchRevolution.E) ShaysʹRebellion.

A

B) Britishabusesofthecolonistsʹcivilliberties.

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8
Q

8) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheBillofRightsisFALSE?
A) TheBillofRightswaswrittenbytheFirstCongressoftheUnitedStates.
B) TheBillofRightsconsistsofthefirsttenamendmentstotheConstitution.
C) MoststateconstitutionsdidnothaveaBillofRightsatthetimeoftheConstitutional Convention.
D) ManystatesmadeadoptionofaBillofRightsaconditionofratificationofthe Constitution.
E) TheConstitutionof1787containednoBillofRights.

A

C) MoststateconstitutionsdidnothaveaBillofRightsatthetimeoftheConstitutional Convention.

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9
Q 
9) Inthecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,theSupremeCourtruledthattheBillofRightsrestrainedonlythe nationalgovernment,notstatesandcities.
A) Mirandav.Arizona
B) Barronv.Baltimore
C) NewYorkv.theUnitedStates
D) Engelv.Vitale
E) Gitlowv.NewYork
A

B) Barronv.Baltimore

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10
Q

10) Thegreatfreedomsofspeech,press,religion,andassemblyarecontainedinthe
A) First,Second,ThirdandFourthAmendments.
B) FourthAmendment.
C) SecondAmendment.
D) ThirdAmendment.
E) FirstAmendment.

A

E) FirstAmendment.

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11
Q

11) TheSupremeCourtdecisioninBarronv.Baltimore (1833)maintainedthattheBillofRights intendedtoprevent
A) boththenationalandstategovernmentsfromviolatingcivilrights.
B) citiesfromtakingprivatepropertywithoutdueprocess.
C) onlythenationalgovernmentfromabridgingcivilliberties.
D) thestatesfrominfringingonindividualrights.
E) theUnitedStatesgovernmentfromgrantingtitlesofroyalty.

A

C) onlythenationalgovernmentfromabridgingcivilliberties.

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12
Q

12) Today,________applytothestates.
A) alloftheBillofRightsexcepttheFirstAmendment
B) alloftheBillofRights
C) noneoftheBillofRights
D) fouramendmentsoftheBillofRights
E) allbutfiveprovisionsoramendmentsoftheBillofRights

A

E) allbutfiveprovisionsoramendmentsoftheBillofRights

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13
Q 
13) Beginningwiththecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_in1925,theSupremeCourtbegantorulethattheBillof Rightsapplieddirectlytothestates,aswellastothenationalgovernment.
A) UnitedStatesv.BillofRights
B) Mirandav.Arizona
C) Engelv.Vitale
D) Barronv.Baltimore
E) Gitlowv.NewYork
A

E) Gitlowv.NewYork

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14
Q 
14) IndecidingtoincorporatepartsoftheBillofRightsintostatelawssince1925,theSupreme Courthasreliedonthedueprocessclauseofthe
A) FirstAmendment. 
B) Twenty-sixthAmendment.
C) FourteenthAmendment.
D) FifthAmendment.
E) EighteenthAmendment.
A

C) FourteenthAmendment

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15
Q 
15) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_includestheclauseʺCongressshallmakenolawrespectinganestablishmentof religion.ʺ
A) FifthAmendment
B) FirstAmendment
C) SecondAmendment
D) ReligiousRightsAmendment
E) FourteenthAmendment
A

B) FirstAmendment

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16
Q

16) Theincorporationdoctrineinvolves
A) applicationoftheBillofRightstothestates.
B) thegovernmentʹspowertoregulatecorporations.
C) theproceduresforcreatingacitygovernment.
D) theinterpretationofthecommerceclause.
E) theextensionofjudicialreviewtostatecourts.

A

A) applicationoftheBillofRightstothestates.

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17
Q

17) ThomasJeffersonarguedthattheFirstAmendmentcreatedaʺwallofseparationʺbetween
A) thegovernmentandthepeople.
B) theCongress,thepresident,andtheSupremeCourt.
C) thepeopleandtheSupremeCourt.
D) churchandstate.
E) menandwomen.

A

D) churchandstate.

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18
Q 
18) UnlikeGreatBritainandmanyothernations,theUnitedStatesdoesnothavean\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ churchthatisofficiallysupportedbythegovernmentandrecognizedasanationalinstitution.
A) ecclesiastical
B) adjudicated
C) imperial
D) incorporated
E) established
A

E) established

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19
Q

19) Today,________have(has)anestablishedchurchthatisofficiallysupportedbythe government.
A) theUnitedStates
B) nonation
C) GreatBritain
D) allnations
E) boththeUnitedStatesandGreatBritain

A

C) GreatBritain

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20
Q 
20) InGitlowv.NewYork(1925),thedecisionthatstatescouldnotabridgethefreedomsof expressionprotectedbytheFirstAmendmentwasbasedonthe
A) FifthAmendment.
B) NewYorkStateConstitution.
C) FourteenthAmendment.
D) FirstAmendment.
E) exclusionaryruleofthejudiciary.
A

C) FourteenthAmendment.

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21
Q

21) ThesignificanceofGitlowv.NewYork (1925)wasthat
A) aprovisionoftheBillofRightswasappliedtothestatesforthefirsttime.
B) thenationalgovernmentwaspreventedfromviolatingtheBillofRights.
C) astateconstitutionhadprecedenceovertheUnitedStatesConstitutionwithinthatstate.
D) theBillofRightswasinterpretedasrestrainingonlythenationalgovernmentandnot citiesorstates.
E) theU.S.Constitutionhasprecedenceoverthestateconstitutionwithinthestate.

A

A) aprovisionoftheBillofRightswasappliedtothestatesforthefirsttime.

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22
Q 
22) Aidtoparochialschoolswasfirstpassedinthe1960sattherequestof
A) RichardM.Nixon.
B) JimmyCarter.
C) JohnF.Kennedy.
D) LyndonJohnson.
E) BarryGoldwater.
A

D) LyndonJohnson.

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23
Q

23) InLemonv.Kurtzman,theSupremeCourtestablishedthataidtochurch-relatedschoolsmust doallofthefollowingEXCEPT
A) haveasecularpurpose.
B) inhibitreligion.
C) notadvancereligion.
D) notcreateexcessivegovernmententanglementwithreligion.
E) treatallreligionsequally.

A

B) inhibitreligion.

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24
Q 
24) Theabridgmentofcitizensʹfreedomtoworship,ornottoworship,astheypleaseisprohibited bythe
A) dueprocessclause.
B) establishmentclause.
C) freeexerciseclause.
D) freedomofreligion.
E) SecondAmendment.
A

C) freeexerciseclause.

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25
Q

25) IndealingwithFirstAmendmentcasesinvolvingreligion,theSupremeCourthasruledthat
A) theConstitutiondoesnotprotectanti-religiousbeliefsandpractices.
B) suchquestionsshouldberesolvedatthestateandlocallevelsofgovernment.
C) whileallreligiousbeliefsareconstitutionallyprotected,allreligiouspracticesarenot.
D) governmentmustnotinterferewithanyexpressionofreligiousfaith.
E) noneoftheabove

A

C) whileallreligiousbeliefsareconstitutionallyprotected,allreligiouspracticesarenot.

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26
Q

26) IntheLemonv.Kurtzmandecisionof1971,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) anyaidofanysorttochurch-relatedschoolsisnotconstitutional,becauseitviolates church-stateseparation.
B) aidtochurch-relatedschoolsisfullyconstitutional,andcanbeusedforanypurposes neededbytheschools.
C) spokenprayersinpublicschoolswereunconstitutional.
D) aidtochurch-relatedschoolsmustbeforsecularpurposesonly,andcannotbeusedto advanceorinhibitreligion.
E) devotionalBible-readinginpublicschoolswasunconstitutional.

A

D) aidtochurch-relatedschoolsmustbeforsecularpurposesonly,andcannotbeusedto advanceorinhibitreligion.

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27
Q

27) IntheEngelv.Vitalecaseof1962,theSupremeCourtruledthat________was(were) unconstitutional.
A) prayersdoneasclassroomexercisesinpublicschools
B) theConnecticutstatutebarringthedistributionofbirthcontrolinformation
C) segregation
D) priorrestraint
E) policesearchorseizurewithoutanauthorizedwarrant

A

A) prayersdoneasclassroomexercisesinpublicschools

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28
Q

28) TheSupremeCourthasinterpretedtheestablishmentclauseoftheFirstAmendmentas
A) groundsfordenyingfederalaidtochildrenattendingparochialschools.
B) merelypreventingtheestablishmentofanationalchurch.
C) prohibitingschool-organizedBible-readingandprayerinpublicschools
D) allowingnondenominationalschoolprayer.
E) alloftheabove

A

C) prohibitingschool-organizedBible-readingandprayerinpublicschools.

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29
Q

29) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutreligionandpoliticsisFALSE?
A) ManyschooldistrictshavesimplyignoredtheSupremeCourtʹsbanonschoolprayer andholdprayersintheirclassrooms
B) ThereligiousdiversityinAmericahasmadeitdifficulttoestablishonestatereligion suchasBritainhas.
C) TheSupremeCourthasneverpermittedtheclaimofreligiousfreedomtopermitevery sortofbehavior.
D) EffortsareunderwaytoamendtheConstitutiontopermitschoolprayer.
E) Inrecentyears,religiousissuesandcontroversieshavebecomelessvisibleinpolitical debate.

A

E) Inrecentyears,religiousissuesandcontroversieshavebecomelessvisibleinpolitical debate.

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30
Q

30) InLemonv.Kurtzman(1971),theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) statescanprohibitpornographydespitethefreedomofthepress.
B) aidtochurch-relatedschoolsmusthaveasecularlegislativepurpose.
C) religiousfreedomtakesprecedenceovercompulsoryeducationlaws.
D) anofficialprayeratapublic-schoolgraduationviolatedtheconstitutionalseparationof churchandstate.
E) voluntaryprayerinpublicschoolsisunconstitutional.

A

B) aidtochurch-relatedschoolsmusthaveasecularlegislativepurpose.

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31
Q

31) TheSupremeCourthasruledthatgovernmentaidtochurch-relatedschools
A) isacceptableforthingssuchasfieldtripsandteachersalaries,butnotfortextbooksor transportationtoschool.
B) ispermittedwhentheaidisforanon-religiouspurpose.
C) isacceptableiftheschoolisaffiliatedwithamajorreligionbutnotforsmall,fringe religioussects.
D) violatestheEstablishmentClause.
E) doesnotconstituteanestablishmentofreligion.

A

B) ispermittedwhentheaidisforanon-religiouspurpose.

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32
Q

32) Governmentaidtoreligiousschoolshasbeenamajorissue
A) sincetheCivilWar.
B) sincethecolonialera
C) sincethemid1960s.
D) sinceratificationoftheBillofRights.
E) sincethegrowthofthefundamentalistmovementinthe1980s.

A

C) sincethemid1960s.

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33
Q

33) WhichofthefollowingisNOTafreeexerciseissue?
A) animalsacrifice
B) religioususeofpeyote
C) teacherledprayersinpublicschools
D) whetherAmishchildrenmustgotoschool
E) noneoftheabove

A

C) teacherledprayersinpublicschools

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34
Q

34) In2005,theSupremeCourtfoundthattwoKentuckycountiesviolatedtheestablishment clauseoftheFirstAmendmentby
A) establishingEnglishastheʺofficialfirstlanguageoftheStateofKentucky.ʺ
B) bypostingtheTenCommandmentsasawayofpromotingreligion.
C) banningʺintelligentdesignʺfromthecurriculum
D) providinganʺinefficientʺsystemofpubliceducation.
E) requiringstudentstosaythePledgeofAllegiance.

A

C) banningʺintelligentdesignʺfromthecurriculum

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35
Q 
35) Duringthe1980s,theSupremeCourt\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_thedisplayingofChristmasnativityscenesand Hanukkahmenorahsonpublicproperty.
A) refusedtohearcaseschallenging
B) firstpermittedandthenprohibited
C) upheldtheconstitutionalityof
D) declaredunconstitutional
E) encouraged
A

C) upheldtheconstitutionalityof

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36
Q

36) Infreeexercisecases,theSupremeCourt
A) allowsthegovernmenttointerferewithreligiouspracticesaslongasitisnotspecifically aimedatreligion.
B) permitsthegovernmenttointerferewithreligiouspractices.
C) prohibitsprayerinpublicschoolsbutpermitsgovernmentaidtoreligiousschools.
D) prohibitsthegovernmentfrominterferingwithreligiouspractices.
E) neverallowsthegovernmenttointerferewithreligiouspractices.

A

A) allowsthegovernmenttointerferewithreligiouspracticesaslongasitisnotspecifically aimedatreligion.

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37
Q

37) Inregardtothefreeexerciseclause,theSupremeCourthasmadeeachofthefollowingrulings EXCEPT
A) polygamymaybejustifiedforMormonsonreligiousgrounds.
B) theAirForcecanenforceitsdresscodeevenagainstreligiouslybaseddresschoices.
C) Amishparentsmaytaketheirchildrenoutofschoolaftertheeighthgrade.
D) peoplecouldbecomeconscientiousobjectorstowaronreligiousgrounds.
E) publicschoolscannotrequireJehovahʹsWitnessestoattendflagsalutingceremonies.

A

A) polygamymaybejustifiedforMormonsonreligiousgrounds.

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38
Q

38) TheSupremeCourtruledthatfreedomofreligiouspracticewasmoreimportantthantheright ofthegovernmenttointerfereindecidinginfavorof
A) aMormonwhojustifiedpolygamyonreligiousgrounds.
B) therightofAmishparentsinWisconsintotaketheirchildrenoutofpublicschoolafter theeighthgrade.
C) therightofanorthodoxJewishAirForcecaptaintowearhisyarmulkedespitethestrict militarydresscode.
D) theLouisianalawrequiringschoolsthattaughtDarwiniantheorytoteachtheBibleʹs versionofcreationaswell.
E) ChristianScientistsʹreligiousoppositiontoscientificmedicaltreatmentforthemselvesor theirchildren.

A

B) therightofAmishparentsinWisconsintotaketheirchildrenoutofpublicschoolafter theeighthgrade.

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39
Q

39) Freedomofexpression
A) hassometimesbeenlimitedwhenitconflictswithotherrightsandvalues.
B) isprotectedbytheFourthandFifthAmendments.
C) isanabsoluterightprotectedbytheFirstAmendment.
D) includesfreedomofspeechandpress,butnotactions.
E) wouldnotprotectapoliticalrallytoattackanoppositioncandidateʹsstandonissues.

A

A) hassometimesbeenlimitedwhenitconflictswithotherrightsandvalues.

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40
Q

40) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfreedomofexpressionisFALSE?
A) Universitiescannotprohibitracial,religious,orsexualinsults.
B) ObscenityandlibelarenotprotectedbytheFirstAmendment.
C) PicketingisconsideredsymbolicspeechandreceivesFirstAmendmentprotection.
D) Governmentcanlimitexpressionmoreeasilythanitcanlimitaction.
E) Holdingapoliticalrallytoattackanoppositioncandidateʹsstandonimportantissues getsFirstAmendmentprotection.

A

D) Governmentcanlimitexpressionmoreeasilythanitcanlimitaction.

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41
Q 
41) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_referstoagovernmentʹscensorshipofmaterialbeforeitispublished.
A) Theexclusionaryrule
B) Probablecause
C) Equalprotection
D) Priorrestraint
E) Justcause
A

D) Priorrestraint

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42
Q 
42) InwhatcasedidtheSupremeCourtrulethatanewspaper,nomatterhowoutrageousits opinions,mustbeallowedtopublishwithoutpriorrestraint?
A) Wisconsinv.Yoder
B) Mirandav.Arizona
C) Nearv.Minnesota
D) NewYorkTimesv.Sullivan
E) Mappv.Ohio
A

C) Nearv.Minnesota

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43
Q

43) Theextentofanindividualʹsorgroupʹsfreedomfrompriorrestraintdependson
A) whetherthenationisatwar.
B) nothing-itisabsolute.
C) themoodsoftheSupremeCourtjustices.
D) whotheindividualorgroupis.
E) theConstitution.

A

D) whotheindividualorgroupis.

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44
Q

44) InitsNearv.Minnesotadecisionof1931,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) thestategovernmentcouldnotusepriorrestrainttoshutdownanoutspoken newspaper.
B) aschoolnewspaperwasnotapublicforumandcouldberegulatedʺinanyreasonable mannerʺbyschoolofficials.
C) stateshadthepowertousepriorrestraintbroadly,butthenationalgovernmentdidnot.
D) aCIAagentcouldnotpublishapersonalmemoirwithoutclearingitthroughtheagency.
E) stateswereprohibitedfrompublishingnewspapersbecausethatamountedto governmentcensorshipofthepressandconstitutedtheestablishmentofagovernment monopoly.

A

A) thestategovernmentcouldnotusepriorrestrainttoshutdownanoutspoken newspaper.

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45
Q

45) TheSupremeCourthaspermittedpriorrestraintofwhichofthefollowing?
A) highschoolnewspapers
B) compactdiscsby2LiveCrew
C) thePentagonPapers
D) anewspaperthatcalledlocalofficialsʺJewishgangstersʺ
E) Ithaspermittedpriorrestraintofallofthese.

A

A) highschoolnewspapers

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46
Q

46) ThePentagonPapersdealtwith
A) adocumentedhistoryofUnitedStatesinvolvementintheVietnamWarwhichthe governmentwantedkeptsecret.
B) adocumentedhistoryofUnitedStatesinvolvementintheKoreanWarwhichthe governmentwantedkeptsecret.
C) prisonersofwarfromWorldWarII.
D) secretagreementsbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.
E) alloftheabove

A

A) adocumentedhistoryofUnitedStatesinvolvementintheVietnamWarwhichthe governmentwantedkeptsecret.

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47
Q 
47) WhichofthefollowingelementsoftheBillofRightswasextendedtothestatesbythe SupremeCourtcaseofNearv.Minnesota?
A) freedomofspeech
B) freedomofthepress
C) righttocounselinfelonycases
D) grandjuryrequirement
E) righttoprivacy
A

B) freedomofthepress

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48
Q

48) Timeandtimeagain,theSupremeCourthasprotectedfreedomofthepressby
A) rulinginfavorofstrictlibellaws.
B) strikingdownpriorrestraint.
C) refusingtoallowthesubpoenaofreporters.
D) relaxingdueprocessprocedures.
E) alloftheabove

A

B) strikingdownpriorrestraint.

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49
Q

49) ThecaseofNearv.Minnesota(1931)
A) ruledthatnewspaperscouldnotpublishsecretinformationthatthreatensnational security.
B) ruledthatstatescannotprohibitanimalsacrifice.
C) heldthatgovernmenthadillegallyissuedapriorrestraint.
D) identifiedanexceptiontotheConstitutionalguaranteesbarringgovernmentcensorship ofthepress.
E) upheldMinnesotaʹsrighttoclosedownanewspapermakingslanderousremarks.

A

C) heldthatgovernmenthadillegallyissuedapriorrestraint.

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50
Q 
50) Priorrestraintismostoftenconsideredacceptableonthegroundsof
A) libel.
B) obscenity.
C) nationalsecurity.
D) cruelandunusualpunishment.
E) religiousfreedom.
A

C) nationalsecurity.

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51
Q

51) InthecaseofDennisv.UnitedStates,theSupremeCourt
A) upheldthefederallawbanningtheNazipartyintheUnitedStatesandprohibitingits activities.
B) upheldtheconvictionsofCommunistpartyofficialswhohadbeensenttoprison becauseoftheirbeliefs.
C) overturnedtheconvictionsofCommunistpartyofficialswhohadbeensenttoprison becauseoftheirbeliefs.
D) ruledthatburningadraftcardwasnotcoveredunderfreespeech.
E) overturnedthefederallawagainstburningordesecratingtheAmericanflag,arguing thatitviolatedfreespeech.

A

B) upheldtheconvictionsofCommunistpartyofficialswhohadbeensenttoprison becauseoftheirbeliefs.

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52
Q

52) InthecaseofNewYorkTimesv.UnitedStates in1971,theSupremeCourtruled
A) againstpermittingracyadvertisementsformassageparlors,saunas,andescortservices whichcouldbedeemedobscene.
B) againstpriorrestraintinthecaseofthePentagonPapers,whichallowedthemtobe published.
C) thatthegovernmentcannotfilelibelsuitsagainstnewspapers,because,itwouldresultin governmentcensorship.
D) infavorofpermittingracyadvertisementsformassageparlors,saunas,andescort servicesasfreedomofspeech.
E) infavorofpriorrestraintinordertopreventpublicationofthePentagonPapers.

A

B) againstpriorrestraintinthecaseofthePentagonPapers,whichallowedthemtobe published.

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53
Q

53) InSchenckv.UnitedStates(1919),JusticeHolmessaidthatspeechcanberestrictedwhenit
A) isutteredbygovernmentofficialsinanefforttoestablishareligion.
B) provokesʺaclearandpresentdangerʺtopeople.
C) advocatestheviolentoverthrowoftheUnitedStates.
D) isspokenratherthannon-verbalorsymbolic.
E) isexpressedonprivateproperty.

A

B) provokesʺaclearandpresentdangerʺtopeople.

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54
Q 
54) Constitutionalprotectionsoffreespeechare\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_onprivateproperty.
A) completelyinvalidated
B) fullyprotected
C) diminished
D) untested
E) unchanged
A

C) diminished

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55
Q

55) Ashieldlaw
A) givesreporterstherighttowithholdinformationfromthecourts.
B) givesjudgestherighttoissueagagorder.
C) protectscertainreligiouspracticesnotcoveredbySupremeCourtrulings.
D) preventsthecourtsfromclosingcriminaltrialstothepress.
E) preventsreportersfromdisclosingsecretgovernmentinformation.

A

A) givesreporterstherighttowithholdinformationfromthecourts.

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56
Q

56) TheSupremeCourtruledinBranzburgv.Hayes (1972)thatintheabsenceofshieldlaws,
A) therightofafreetrialpreemptsthereporterʹsrighttoprotectsources.
B) thatnewspaperfilesareprotectedbytheFirstAmendment.
C) thatreportershavemorerightsthanothercitizens.
D) judgescanbarcamerasfromthecourtroom.
E) noneoftheabove

A

A) therightofafreetrialpreemptsthereporterʹsrighttoprotectsources.

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57
Q

57) InRothv.UnitedStates,theSupremeCourtheldthat
A) outdoordrive-inscouldnotbebarredfromshowingafilmwhichincludednudity.
B) thepossessionofchildpornographywasnotcoveredbyanyrighttofreespeechor press,andcouldbemadeacrime.
C) thegovernmentcannotprohibitdiscriminationagainstwomenpriestsbychurches becauseitwouldviolatethefreeexerciseofreligion.
D) obscenityisnotwithintheareaofconstitutionallyprotectedfreespeech.
E) thefilmCarnalKnowledge,whichhadcriticalacclaimbutasexualthemeandexplicit scenes,couldnotbebanned.

A

D) obscenityisnotwithintheareaofconstitutionallyprotectedfreespeech.

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58
Q 
58) Theprinciplethatʺobscenityisnotwithintheareaofconstitutionallyprotectedspeechor pressʺwasestablishedin
A) Rothv.UnitedStates.
B) Osbornev.Ohio.
C) Millerv.California.
D) UnitedStatesv.Snepp.
E) Ohiov.PussycatTheater.
A

pressʺwasestablishedinA) Rothv.UnitedStates.

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59
Q

59) Obscenityis
A) equatedwithnuditybytheSupremeCourt.
B) clearlydefinedasitpertainstobothfreedomofthepressandfreedomofspeech.
C) prohibitedintheFirstAmendment.
D) amatteroffederalstandardsratherthanstateorlocalstandards.
E) notprotectedundertheConstitution.

A

E) notprotectedundertheConstitution.

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60
Q

60) InZurcherv.StanfordDaily,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) theStanfordDailyhadcompletecontroloveritsphotographfiles.
B) theStanfordDailymustceasepublicationofmilitarystrategypapers.
C) theStanfordDailymustopenitsfilesforuseaspoliceevidence.
D) theStanfordDailymustdisclosethelocationofitsreporters.
E) theStanfordDailyiscontrolledbytheUniversitypresident,notstatelaws.

A

C) theStanfordDailymustopenitsfilesforuseaspoliceevidence.

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61
Q

61) In________,theCourtclarifieditsdoctrineofwhatwasobscene,includingsuchgaugesas whethermaterialappealedtomerelyaprurientinterestinsex,andwhetheritlackedserious artistic,literary,politicalorscientificmerit.
A) Osbornev.Ohio
B) Engelv.Vitale
C) Millerv.California
D) Nearv.Minnesota
E) FederalCommunicationsCommissionv.Stern

A

C) Millerv.California

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62
Q

62) InMillerv.California(1971),theCourtruledthatdecisionsregardingwhetherornotmaterial wasobsceneshouldgenerallybemadeby
A) Congress,throughstatutorylaw.
B) lowerfederaljudgesastheyseefit,butinconformancewiththeFirstAmendment.
C) localcommunities,withsomeguidelinesprovidedbytheCourtitselfabouthowtomake suchjudgments.
D) theSupremeCourtitself,onacase-by-casebasis.
E) individualpersonsintheirownprivatelives.

A

C) localcommunities,withsomeguidelinesprovidedbytheCourtitselfabouthowtomake suchjudgments.

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63
Q

63) Millerv.California(1973)A) achievedaworkabledefinitionoflegalobscenity.
B) abolishedpornographicmaterialonlywhenitinvolvedchildren.
C) resultedinuniformstatelawsregulatingobscenity.
D) statedthatlocalcommunitiesshouldhavemoreresponsibilityoverdecidingwhat constitutesobscenity.
E) prohibitedhangingasacruelandunusualpunishment.

A

D) statedthatlocalcommunitiesshouldhavemoreresponsibilityoverdecidingwhat constitutesobscenity.

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64
Q

64) TheCommunicationsDecencyActbanningobscenematerialandcriminalizingthe transmissionofindecentspeechorimagestoanyoneundertheageof18was
A) affirmedbytheCourt.
B) opposedbyChristiangroups.
C) overturnedbytheSupremeCourt.
D) thefirstregulationofobscenityaffirmedbytheCourt.
E) noneoftheabove

A

C) overturnedbytheSupremeCourt.

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65
Q

65) AttheurgingoffeministsandconservativeChristians,somecitieshavebannedpornography onthegroundsitdehumanizesandendangerswomen.Howhavethecourtsdealtwiththese bans?
A) TheyhaveupheldthembasedontheEqualProtectionClauseoftheFourteenth Amendment.
B) Theyhaverefusedtoreviewthem.
C) TheyhavestruckthemdownasviolationsoftheFirstAmendment.
D) TheyhaveupheldthembasedontheFirstAmendment.
E) Thecourtshavebeenerratic,allowingsomeordinancesandrevokingothers.

A

C) TheyhavestruckthemdownasviolationsoftheFirstAmendment.

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66
Q

66) InthecaseofNewYorkTimesv.Sullivan (1964),theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) governmentofficialscannotsuenewspapersforlibelsincethiswouldentailprior restraintofthepress.
B) thePentagonPaperscouldbelegallypublisheddespitethegovernmentʹsdesiretokeep thematerialsecret.
C) thepublicationofthePentagonPaperscouldbelegallybarredasamatterofnational security.
D) statementsmadeaboutpoliticalfigures,howevermalicious,canneverbedeemed libelous.
E) statementsmadeaboutpoliticalfiguresarelibelousonlyifmadewithmaliceand recklessdisregardforthetruth.

A

E) statementsmadeaboutpoliticalfiguresarelibelousonlyifmadewithmaliceand recklessdisregardforthetruth.

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67
Q 
67) Thepublicationofstatementsknowntobefalsethataremaliciousandtendtodamagea personʹsreputationiscalled
A) obscenity.
B) symbolic.
C) slander.
D) libel.
E) fraud.
A

D) libel.

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68
Q

68) WhathappenedwhenJacksonville,Florida,triedtobanmovieswithnudityinthemfrom beingshownatdrive-intheatersongroundsofobscenity?
A) TheCourtupheldthebantoprotectcitizensʹrightstoprivacy.
B) TheSupremeCourtruledthatallnuditycannotbedeemedobscene.
C) Thebanwasupheldtohelpthecommunityriditselfofapublicnuisanceandpotential traffichazard.
D) TheCourtruledthatX-ratedmovieswereprotectedundertheFirstAmendment.
E) ariot

A

) TheSupremeCourtruledthatallnuditycannotbedeemedobscene.

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69
Q 
69) Theprinciplethatstatementsaboutpublicfiguresarelibelousonlyifmadewithmaliceand recklessdisregardforthetruthwasestablishedin
A) Texasv.Johnson.
B) NewYorkTimesv.Sullivan.
C) Osbornev.Ohio. 
D) theAnti-DefamationActof1952.
E) HustlerMagazinev.Falwell.
A

B) NewYorkTimesv.Sullivan.

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70
Q

70) WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardinglibelisFALSE?
A) Publicfiguresareprotectedagainstlibelsincepublicationsmustprovethatwhatthey wroteistrueandnotmalicious.
B) Libelcasesareverydifficultforpublicfigurestowin.
C) Libellawsdoinhibitthepresstosomeextent.
D) GeneralWilliamWestmorelandfailedtoprovelibel.
E) Itismoredifficultforapublicfigurethanaprivateindividualtowinalibelsuit.

A

A) Publicfiguresareprotectedagainstlibelsincepublicationsmustprovethatwhatthey wroteistrueandnotmalicious.

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71
Q 
71) WearinganarmbandandburningaUnitedStatesflagareexamplesof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:actionsthat donotconsistofspeakingorwritingbutthatexpressanopinion.
A) commercialspeech
B) symbolicspeech
C) obscenity
D) thefreeexerciseclause
E) unspokenspeech
A

B) symbolicspeech

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72
Q

72) Symbolicspeech
A) consistsofspeechcriticizingthesymbolsofgovernment.
B) cannotbeprohibitedbecauseitistoovagueforgovernmenttolegislateagainst.
C) hasbeenruledasdisruptiveandasacriminalactivity.
D) consistsofactionthatexpressesanopinion.
E) isprohibitedundertheFirstAmendment.

A

D) consistsofactionthatexpressesanopinion.

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73
Q 
73) Advertisingisconsideredaformof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,and,accordingtothedecisionsoftheSupreme Court,issubjecttogreaterrestrictionsonfreespeechthanreligiousorpoliticalspeech.
A) symbolicspeech
B) paidspeech
C) imagedexpression
D) propaganda
E) commercialspeech
A

E) commercialspeech

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74
Q

74) Commercialspeechonradioandtelevisionisregulatedby
A) stateandlocalgovernments.
B) nogovernmentagency,assuchwouldbeaviolationofthefreedomofspeech.
C) theFederalCommunicationsCommission.
D) theFederalTradeCommission.
E) theBureauofConsumerAffairs.

A

D) theFederalTradeCommission.

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75
Q 
75) Oneofthemostregulatedformsofspeechis
A) symbolicspeech.
B) obscenity.
C) libel.
D) unintendedspeech.
E) commercialspeech.
A

E) commercialspeech.

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76
Q

76) Thecontentandnatureofradioandtelevisionbroadcastingareregulatedby
A) thePublicBroadcastingSystem.
B) theFederalCommunicationsCommission.
C) theFederalTradeCommission.
D) theDepartmentofCommerce.
E) nogovernmentagency,asanysuchregulationwouldbeaviolationofthefreedomsof speechandthepress.

A

B) theFederalCommunicationsCommission.

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77
Q

77) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthepublicairwaysisFALSE?
A) TheFCCrestrictstheuseofobscenewordsonpublicairways.
B) Thesamerestrictionsthatapplytoradioandtelevisionalsoapplytonewspapers.
C) Abouttwo-thirdsofAmericanhomeshavecableTV.
D) Cabletelevisionhasfewerrestrictionsplacedonthemthanthepublicairways.
E) TheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)regulatesradioandtelevision broadcasting.

A

B) Thesamerestrictionsthatapplytoradioandtelevisionalsoapplytonewspapers.

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78
Q

78) In2000,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) governmenthadalegitimateinterestinprotectingsexuallyexplicitmaterialoncable stations.
B) governmenthadnorighttoregulatesexuallyexplicitmaterialoncablestations.
C) governmenthadalegitimateinterestinprohibitingsexuallyexplicitmaterialoncable stations.
D) governmentregulationofsexuallyexplicitmaterialoncablestationsmustbenarrowly tailoredtopromotethegovernmentʹsinterestinprotectingchildren.
E) governmenthadalegitimateinterestinprotectingsexuallyexplicitprintmaterial.

A

D) governmentregulationofsexuallyexplicitmaterialoncablestationsmustbenarrowly tailoredtopromotethegovernmentʹsinterestinprotectingchildren.

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79
Q

79) Thecontent,nature,andexistenceofradioandtelevisionbroadcastingisregulatedby
A) theNationalBroadcastingBoard.
B) thestates.
C) Congress.
D) theFederalCommunicationsCommission.
E) noone,becausetodosowouldviolatethefreedomofthepressasappliedto broadcasters.

A

D) theFederalCommunicationsCommission.

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80
Q 
80) FreedomofassemblyincludestherighttodoallofthefollowingEXCEPT
A) riot.
B) parade.
C) protest.
D) picket.
E) demonstrate.
A

A) riot.

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81
Q 
81) Inthecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,theSupremeCourtruledthatrequiringanorganizationtoturnover itsmembershiplistswasanunconstitutionalrestrictiononfreedomofassociation.
A) PlannedParenthoodv.Casey
B) NAACPv.Alabama
C) Nearv.Minnesota
D) Mappv.Ohio
E) UnitedStatesv.CommunistParty
A

B) NAACPv.Alabama

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82
Q

82) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfreedomofassemblyisFALSE?
A) Freedomofassemblyisoftenneglectedalongsidethegreatfreedomsofspeech,press, andreligion.
B) Withoutfreedomofassemblywewouldnothavetherighttoformpoliticalpartiesor interestgroups.
C) Freedomofassemblyincludestherighttoassembleandtherighttoassociate.
D) NazishavetheconstitutionalrighttomarchthroughaheavilyJewishcommunity.
E) Freedomofassemblyallowsgroupstodemonstrateatanytime,atanyplace,orinany mannertheywish.

A

E) Freedomofassemblyallowsgroupstodemonstrateatanytime,atanyplace,orinany mannertheywish.

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83
Q

83) InthecaseofNAACPv.Alabama(1958),theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) Alabamacouldnotrequiresegregatedschools.
B) theFirstAmendmentʹsfreedomofassemblydoesnotincludefreedomofassociation.
C) thestateofAlabamawasunlawfullyrestrictingtheNAACPʹsfreedomofassociation.
D) picketinginresidentialneighborhoodscanberestricted.
E) theNAACPhadtoturnoveritsmembershiplisttothegovernment.

A

C) thestateofAlabamawasunlawfullyrestrictingtheNAACPʹsfreedomofassociation.

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84
Q

84) InthecaseoftheNazisʹproposed1977marchonSkokie,asuburbnorthofChicagowithmany HolocaustsurvivorswhichhaddeniedtheNazisapermittomarch,theSupremeCourt,ayear afterthefact,letstandalowercourtrulingthat
A) communitieshavetherighttoimposelocalstandardsontherighttomarch.
B) NazisandCommunistsareamongaselectlistofgroupsthatbecauseoftheir anti-democraticnaturearenotprotectedbytheFirstAmendment.
C) theNaziscouldonlymarchiftheypubliclyrepudiatedthemurderousactionsofthe NazisbeforeandduringWWII.
D) certaingroupsaresopredisposedtoviolencethattheirfreedomofassemblyisnot guaranteed.
E) nocommunitycoulduseitspowertograntparadepermitstostiflefreeexpressionor freedomofassembly.

A

E) nocommunitycoulduseitspowertograntparadepermitstostiflefreeexpressionor freedomofassembly.

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85
Q

85) MostofthewordingoftheBillofRightsconcerns
A) therightsofpeopleaccusedofcrimes.
B) therighttobeararms.
C) freedomofreligionandtheestablishmentclause.
D) freedomofspeechandfreedomofthepress.
E) freedomsofexpression.

A

A) therightsofpeopleaccusedofcrimes.

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86
Q 
86) TherightsofaccusedpersonsincludedintheBillofRightswereoriginallyintendedtoprotect theaccusedin
A) federalcivilcases.
B) federalcriminalcases.
C) localcivilandcriminalcases.
D) politicalarrestsandtrials.
E) policecustody.
A

D) politicalarrestsandtrials.

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87
Q

87) WhichofthefollowingisanaccuratestatementabouttheBillofRightsanditsrelevancetothe stagesofthecriminaljusticesystem?
A) Therightsofaccusedpersonsareprotecteduptothepointofactualarrest.
B) Therightsofaccusedpersonsareprotecteduptothepointofbeingconvictedofacrime.
C) TheBillofRightsdoesnotapplytoaccusedcriminals.
D) Therightsofaccusedpersonsareprotecteduptothepointofthetrialitself.
E) Therightsofaccusedpersonsandconvictedcriminalsareguaranteedateverystage, fromgatheringofevidencetotheimpositionofpunishment.

A

E) Therightsofaccusedpersonsandconvictedcriminalsareguarant

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88
Q 
88) Unreasonablesearchesandseizuresarespecificallyforbiddeninthe
A) SixteenthAmendment.
B) FifthAmendment.
C) SecondAmendment.
D) TenthAmendment.
E) FourthAmendment.
A

E) FourthAmendment.

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89
Q 
89) Topreventabuseofpolicepower,theConstitutionrequiresthatnocourtmayissue\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ unlessprobablecauseexiststobelievethatacrimehasoccurredorisabouttooccur.
A) awritofhabeascorpus
B) apriorrestraint
C) anexclusionaryrule
D) asearchwarrant
E) anyoftheabove
A

D) asearchwarrant

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90
Q

90) Viewingthestagesofthecriminaljusticesystemasaseriesoffunnelsofdecreasingsizetells usthat
A) mostarrestsresultinatrial.
B) mosttrialsresultinaguiltyverdict.
C) manymoretrialsareheldthanprosecutions.
D) thelikelihoodofbeingpunisheddecreasesasonemovesthroughthesystem.
E) manymorearrestsoccurthantrials.

A

E) manymorearrestsoccurthantrials.

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91
Q

91) Unlesstheywitnessacrime,policeofficerscannotarrestasuspectwithout
A) dueprocess.
B) asearchwarrant.
C) informingthemoftheirMirandarights.
D) probablecause.
E) awritofhabeascorpus.

A

D) probablecause.

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92
Q

92) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheBillofRightsandtherightsoftheaccusedis FALSE?
A) ThegreatmajorityofthewordsintheBillofRightsdealwiththerightsoftheaccused ratherthanfreedomsofexpression.
B) TheBillofRightscoverseverystageofthecriminaljusticesystem.
C) ThelanguageoftheBillofRightsregardingtherightsoftheaccusedisoftenvague.
D) Defendantsʹrightsarewell-definedintheBillofRights.
E) Mostdefendantsʹrights,asprovidedintheBillofRights,havebeenincorporatedbythe states.

A

D) Defendantsʹrightsarewell-definedintheBillofRights.

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93
Q 
93) Inthecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,theSupremeCourtruledthattheprotectionagainstunreasonable searchandseizureappliedtothestateandlocalgovernments,aswellasthenational government,thusnationalizingtheexclusionaryrule.
A) Mirandav.Arizona
B) Gideonv.Wainwright
C) Rothv.UnitedStates
D) UnitedStatesv.NewYork
E) Mappv.Ohio
A

E) Mappv.Ohio

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94
Q 
94) Eversince1914,thecourtshaveused\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_topreventillegallyseizedevidencefrombeing introducedintothecourtroom.
A) priorrestraint
B) theMirandarule
C) probablecause
D) searchwarrants
E) anexclusionaryrule
A

E) anexclusionaryrule

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95
Q

95) Theexclusionaryrule,whichwasappliedtostategovernments,aswellasthefederal governmentinMappv.Ohio(1961),meantthat
A) federalagentsmaymakearrestsforstatecrimes.
B) stategovernmentsareexcludedfromprosecutingfederalcrimes.
C) searchesbypolicecouldnotbemadewithoutalegalsearchwarrant.
D) probablecausemustbeestablishedpriortoarrest.
E) unlawfullyobtainedevidencecouldnotbeusedincourt.

A

E) unlawfullyobtainedevidencecouldnotbeusedincourt.

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96
Q 
96) TheFifthAmendmentforbids
A) cruelandunusualpunishment. 
B) forcedself-incrimination.
C) illegalsearchesandseizures.
D) thegovernmentestablishmentofanationalreligion.
E) alloftheaboveexceptD
A

B) forcedself-incrimination.

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97
Q 
97) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Amendmentforbidsforcedself-incrimination,statingthatnopersonʺshallbe compelledtobeawitnessagainsthimself.ʺ
A) First 
B) Twenty-sixth
C) Fifth
D) Fourth
E) Ninth
A

C) Fifth

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98
Q

98) InthecaseofMirandav.Arizona,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) illegallyobtainedevidencecannotbeusedinatrial.
B) police must inform any suspect of a series of rights, including the constitutional right to remain silent.
C) thedeathpenaltycouldbeimposedforthemostextremeofcrimes.
D) defendantsinallfelonycaseshavearighttocounsel,evenifthestatehastoprovide suchlegalassistance.
E) thepolicemustshowprobablecausebeforemakinganarrest.

A

B) police must inform any suspect of a series of rights, including the constitutional right to remain silent.

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99
Q 
99) InwhatcasedidtheSupremeCourtrulethatsuspectsmustbetoldoftheirconstitutional rightstoremainsilent,thatwhattheysaycanbeusedagainstthem,andoftheirrighttohave anattorneypresentduringanyquestioning?
A) Gideonv.Wainwright
B) Nearv.Minnesota
C) Plucennikv.UnitedStates
D) Mirandav.Arizona
E) Mappv.Ohio
A

D) Miranda v. Arizona

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100
Q

100) WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheSupremeCourtʹsdecisioninMirandav.Arizona?
A) Mirandaʹsinnocenceorguiltwasnotatissue;hisrightshadbeenviolated,sohis convictionwasoverturned.
B) TheCourtʹsdecisiongreatlyrelievedmembersofpolicedepartmentsthroughoutthe country.
C) TheCourtruledthatMirandawasinnocent,andMirandalaterbecameafamouspublic defenderinthelocalcourts.
D) TheCourtruledthatMirandaʹsconstitutionalrightshadnotbeenviolatedandthathe couldbelegallyexecuted.
E) TheCourtconcludedthatMirandawasinnocent,overturnedhisconviction,andordered himfreedfromprison.

A

A) Mirandaʹs innocence or guilt was not at issue; his rights had been violated, so his conviction was overturned.

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101
Q

101) FifthAmendmentprotectionagainstself-incriminationmeansthat
A) youhavearighttoconfrontwitnessesagainstyou.
B) youcanbegrantedimmunityfromprosecutioninexchangeforyourtestimony.
C) asadefendantyouhavearighttocounsel.
D) youcannotbeforcedtobeawitnessagainstyourself.
E) policeofficersmayusewhateverforceisnecessarytoprotectthemselvesfromharmin arrestsituations.

A

D) youcannotbeforcedtobeawitnessagainstyourself.

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102
Q 
102) FifthAmendmentrightswereexpandedtoincludeguidelinesforpoliceinterrogation proceduresinthefamouscaseof
A) Californiav.Simpson.
B) Dennisv.UnitedStates.
C) Gideonv.Wainwright.
D) Mirandav.Arizona.
E) Mappv.Ohio.
A

D) Mirandav.Arizona.

103
Q

103) TheMirandaRule
A) hasbeenstrengthenedbytheCourtinrecentyears.
B) wasopenlywelcomedbypolicedepartmentsthroughoutthecountry.
C) hasmadepoliceinterrogationseasier.
D) wasbasedontheprobablecauseclauseoftheFourthAmendment.
E) hasrequiredallpoliceofficerstoinformaccusedpersonsoftheirrights.

A

E) has required all police officers to inform accused persons of their rights.

104
Q

104) Today,courtsmustprovidealawyerforadefendant
A) wheneverimprisonmentcouldbeimposed.
B) onlyinfelonycasesorwherecivilfinesexceeding$10,000couldbelevied.
C) whenevertheypleadnotguilty.
D) onlyincapitalcaseswherethepunishmentwouldbeexecution.
E) immediatelyafterbeingarrested.

A

A) wheneverimprisonmentcouldbeimposed.

105
Q

105) Inthe1963caseof________,theSupremeCourtruledthatdefendantsinallfelonycaseshada righttocounsel,andiftheycouldnotaffordtohirealawyer,onemustbeprovided.
A) Mappv.Ohio
B) Engelv.Vitale
C) Gideonv.Wainwright
D) Mirandav.Arizona
E) NationalBarAssociationv.UnitedStates

A

C) Gideonv.Wainwright

106
Q

106) AccordingtotheConstitutionandtheBillofRights,howmanymembersshouldtherebeona jury?
A) aminimumofsix
B) aminimumoftwelve
C) betweensixandtwelve
D) amaximumoftwelve
E) nospecificationsaremadeastojurysize

A

E) nospecificationsaremadeastojurysize

107
Q 
107) Mostcriminalcasesaresettledin
A) theSupremeCourt.
B) pleabargaining.
C) municipalandcountycourts.
D) districtcourt.
E) thejuryroom.
A

B) plea bargaining.

108
Q

108) TheSupremeCourtcaseofGideonv.Wainwright
A) extendedtherighttocounseltoeveryoneaccusedofafelony.
B) prohibitedgovernmentofficialsfromissuinggagorderstothemedia.
C) ruledthatillegallyseizedevidencecannotbeusedincourt.
D) gaveonlythoseaccusedofcapitalcrimestherighttocounsel.
E) setguidelinesforpolicequestioningofsuspects.

A

A) extended the right to counsel to everyone accused of a felony.

109
Q 
109) TheSixthAmendmentrighttocounselinfederalcourtswasexpandedinthefamous1963 SupremeCourtcaseof
A) Greggv.Georgia.
B) Gideonv.Wainwright.
C) Arizonav.theUnitedStates.
D) Mappv.Ohio.
E) Mirandav.Arizona.
A

B) Gideon v. Wainwright.

110
Q 
110) Mostcasesaresettledthrough
A) pleabargaining.
B) paupersʹpetitions.
C) judicialtribunals.
D) trialbyajudge.
E) trialbyjury.
A

A) plea bargaining.

111
Q

111) TheEighthAmendmenttotheConstitution
A) isthefreedomofprivacy.
B) forbidscruelandunusualpunishment.
C) istherighttobeararms.
D) grantswomenequalrightsincludingtherighttovote.
E) protectsfreedomofassembly.

A

B) forbids cruel and unusual punishment.

112
Q

112) WhatwastheSupremeCourtʹsdecisioninHamdamv.Rumsfeld?
A) TerroristsarenotentitledtoprotectionbytheBillofRights.
B) TheproceduresfortryingprisonersatGuantanamoBay,Cubawereinsufficientfor ensuringafairtrial.
C) TheGenevaConventiondoesnotapplybecausetheʺenemycombatantsʺarenotsoldiers inarecognizedarmy.
D) Thepresidenthasʺinherentpowerʺtofightthewaronterrorasheseesfit.Therefore,the presidentcanestablishjudicialproceduresonhisown.
E) alloftheabove

A

B) The procedures for trying prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba were insufficient for ensuring a fair trial.

113
Q 
113) Cruelandunusualpunishmentisforbiddenbythe 
A) self-incriminationclause.
B) SixthAmendment.
C) EighthAmendment.
D) exclusionaryclause.
E) FifthAmendment.
A

C) Eighth Amendment.

114
Q

114) Therighttoaʺspeedytrialʺandtheprohibitionagainstʺcruelandunusualpunishmentʺ
A) areincludedintheBillofRights,butarerathervagueandsubjecttotheinterpretationof thecourtsthemselves.
B) aresoimportantthattheywereamongthefewcivillibertiesactuallyguaranteedbythe originalconstitution.
C) arenotguaranteedbytheBillofRightsbut,howevervagueintheirwording,are consideredvitaltoourcourtsystem.
D) wereruledunconstitutionalin1976becausetheyweresoill-definedastobe meaningless.
E) areincludedintheBillofRights,areself-evident,andhavenotrequiredmuchcourt interpretation.

A

A) are included in the Bill of Rights, but are rather vague and subject to the interpretation of the courts themselves.

115
Q

115) InGreggv.Georgia(1976),concerningapplicationsoftheEighthAmendment,theSupreme Courtruledthat
A) onlythefederalgovernment,andnotthestates,canimposethedeathpenalty.
B) executionbyelectrocutioniscruelandunusualpunishment.
C) Georgiaʹsdeathpenaltylawwasʺfreakishʺandʺrandom.ʺ
D) capitalpunishmentisanextremesanction,butitissuitabletothemostextremeof crimes.
E) thedeathpenaltyconstitutescruelandunusualpunishment.

A

D) capitalpunishmentisanextremesanction,butitissuitabletothemostextremeof crimes.

116
Q

116) WhichofthefollowingisNOTprotectedintheFirstAmendment?
A) righttoprivacy
B) rightofpeopletopetitionthegovernmentforaredressofgrievances
C) noestablishmentofreligion
D) freedomofspeech
E) freedomofthepress

A

A) righttoprivacy

117
Q 
117) WhereistherighttoprivacyfoundintheConstitution?
A) TenthAmendment
B) FirstAmendment
C) SixthAmendment
D) NinthAmendment
E) noneoftheabove
A

E) none of the above

118
Q 
118) WhichofthefollowingisNOTspecificallystatedintheBillofRights?
A) righttoprivacy
B) protectionagainstdoublejeopardy
C) righttobeararms
D) freedomofspeech
E) Allofthesearespecificallystated.
A

A) right to privacy

119
Q

119) InRoev.Wade,theSupremeCourtruledthatinthethirdtrimesterofpregnancy
A) statescanbanabortionexceptwhenthemotherʹshealthisindanger.
B) statesareprohibitedfromfundingtheabortionsofpoorwomen.
C) statescannotbanabortionunlessthemotherʹslifeisindanger.
D) statescannotbanabortion.
E) thefederalgovernment,butnotthestates,isprohibitedfromfundingabortionsforpoor women.

A

A) states can ban abortion except when the motherʹs health is in danger.

120
Q 
120) TheSupremeCourtʹsRoev.Wade decisionwasissuedin
A) 1979.
B) 1954.
C) 1973.
D) 1991.
E) 1985.
A

C) 1973.

121
Q

121) TheSupremeCourtruledinitsRoev.Wade decisionthat
A) eachstateandnotthefederalgovernmenthasauthoritytodeterminewhethertopermit orprohibitabortioninthatstate.
B) allrestrictionsonabortionsatanystageofapregnancywereaviolationofawomanʹs righttoprivacy.
C) abortionwasmurder.
D) abortionwastobeallowedonlyincasesofrapeorincest,orwhenthelifeofthe pregnantwomanwasindanger
E) abortioncouldnotbeprohibitedbyanystateduringthefirsttrimesterofpregnancy.

A

E) abortion could not be prohibited by any state during the first trimester of pregnancy.

122
Q

122) SinceitsRoev.Wadedecision,theSupremeCourthas
A) generallymovedtoallowstatesmoreroomtoregulateabortions(e.g.,waitingperiods) thanwastrueinRoe.
B) notmovedaninchfromitsdramaticoriginalruling.
C) greatlyextendedtherightofawomantomakeherowndecisionaboutterminatingher pregnancy.
D) reverseditselfwithinthelastfewyears,andhasnowoverturnedtheRoedecision.
E) beensilentonthepoliticallydivisiveissueofabortion.

A

A) generally moved to allow states more room to regulate abortions (e.g., waiting periods) than was true in Roe.

123
Q

123) TheideathattheConstitutionguaranteesarighttoprivacywasfirstenunciatedin
A) Griswoldv.Connecticut.
B) Marburyv.Madison.
C) Roev.Wade.
D) Websterv.ReproductiveHealthServices.
E) PlannedParenthoodv.Casey.

A

A) Griswold v. Connecticut.

124
Q

124) TherighttoprivacywasappliedtothestatesbytheSupremeCourtcaseof
A) Gitlowv.NewYork.
B) Gitlow,Near&Mappv.theStates.
C) Mappv.Ohio.
D) Nearv.Minnesota.
E) Griswoldv.Connecticut.

A

E) Griswold v. Connecticut.

125
Q 
125) Themostimportantapplicationofprivacyrightshascomeintheareaof
A) abortion.
B) birthcontrol.
C) sexualpreference.
D) pornography.
E) thedeathpenalty.
A

A) abortion.

126
Q

126) TheSupremeCourtcaseofRoev.Wade (1973)ruledthat
A) abortionsarenotprotectedundertheConstitution.
B) astatecannotforbidabortionsduringthefirsttrimesterofpregnancy.
C) astatecannotregulateabortionsunderanycircumstances.
D) familyplanningservicescannotprovidewomenanyabortioncounseling.
E) statesmustpermitabortionsondemandduringallninemonthsofpregnancy.

A

B) a state cannot forbid abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy.

127
Q

127) TheabortiondecisioninRoev.Wade (1973)wasjustifiedbytheSupremeCourtlargelyonthe groundsof
A) thefreedomofreligionclauseoftheFirstAmendment.
B) thefreeexerciseclauseoftheFirstAmendment.
C) therightofprivacyimpliedintheBillofRights.
D) ourconstitutionalrighttolife.
E) newadvancesinmedicaltechnology.

A

C) the right of privacy implied in the Bill of Rights.

128
Q

128) Inthe1992caseofPlannedParenthoodv.Casey,theSupremeCourtruledthatabortion
A) couldbecompletelyoutlawedbyindividualstates.
B) mustbefundedbystategovernmentswhenthemothercannotaffordit,oritwouldbea violationoftheEqualProtectionClause.
C) restrictionscouldbeimposedbystatesiftheydidnotinvolveʺundueburdensʺonthe womenseekingabortions.
D) fundingbyanylevelofgovernmentwasunconstitutional.
E) wasafundamentalright,andanyrestrictionsonsucharighthadtobejudgedbya ʺstrictscrutiny.ʺ

A

C) restrictions could be imposed by states if they did not involve ʺundue burdensʺ on the women seeking abortions.

129
Q

129) Inrecentyears,theSupremeCourthas
A) increasedprotectionofwomenʹsphysicalaccesstoabortionclinics.
B) restrictedwomenʹsphysicalaccesstoabortionclinics.
C) permittedstatestoclosedownincreasingnumbersofabortionclinics.
D) prohibiteddemonstrationswithinsightofabortionclinics.
E) donenothingtoprotectwomenʹsphysicalaccesstoabortionclinicsdespitethecallsof manywomenʹsgroups.

A

A) increased protection of womenʹs physical access to abortion clinics.

130
Q

130) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheSupremeCourtandabortionisFALSE?
A) TheSupremeCourthasforbiddenanystateregulationofabortionduringthefirst trimester.
B) TheSupremeCourtupheldastatelawrequiringteenagerstosecuretheconsentofat leastoneparentbeforeobtaininganabortion.
C) TheCourtpermitsstatestorequirea24-hourwaitingperiodbeforegettinganabortion.
D) TheCourtallowsstatestorequireawomantogiveherhusbandadvancenoticeofan abortion.
E) TheSupremeCourtpermitsstatestoforbidtheuseofanystatefundstopayfor abortions.

A

D) TheCourtallowsstatestorequireawomantogiveherhusbandadvancenoticeofan abortion.

131
Q 
131) Civilliberties
A) reflectthewishesofthemajority.
B) neverconflictwitheachother.
C) makegovernmentlessdemocratic.
D) limitwhatthemajoritycanaskthegovernmenttodo.
E) wereestablishedinthe1960s.
A

D) limit what the majority can ask the government to do.

132
Q 
132) Civillibertiesrelatingtodefendantsʹrightshaveoftenbeenusedto
A) breakupfactions.
B) enhancethepowerofthecourts
C) enhancediversity.
D) protectindividualrights.
E) gainapleabargain.
A

D) protectindividualrights.

133
Q

133) InPlannedParenthoodv.Casey,theSupremeCourt
A) struckdownalawrequiringminorstonotifyoneorbothparentsorajudgebefore obtaininganabortion.
B) changeditsstandardforevaluatingrestrictionsonabortionfromoneofʺstrictscrutinyʺ ofanyrestraintsonaʺfundamentalrightʺtooneofʺundueburdenʺthatpermitsmore regulation.
C) specifiedthatfamilyplanningservicesreceivingfederalfundscouldnotprovidewomen anycounselingregardingabortion.
D) affirmedaprovisionrequiringamarriedwomantotellherhusbandofherintenttohave anabortion.
E) madeabortionsforminorsillegal.

A

B) changed its standard for evaluating restrictions on abortion from one of ʺstrict scrutinyʺ of any restraints on a ʺfundamental rightʺ to one of ʺundue burdenʺ that permits more regulation.

134
Q 
1) Policiesthatextendbasicrightstogroupshistoricallysubjecttodiscriminationareknownas
A) civilrights.
B) civilliberties.
C) humanrights.
D) suffrage.
E) affirmativeaction
A

A) civil rights.

135
Q

2) Civilrights
A) istheothertermforcivilliberties.
B) arepoliciesthatextendbasicrightstogroupshistoricallysubjecttodiscrimination.
C) involvetheprinciplesofcriminaljustice.
D) consistoflegalandconstitutionalprotectionsagainstthegovernment.
E) canbedividedintothegreatpoliticalfreedomsandprotectionsatthebarofjustice.

A

B) are policies that extend basic rights to groups historically subject to discrimination.

136
Q 
3) Thephraseʺallmenarecreatedequalʺcomesfromthe
A) BillofRights.
B) Constitution.
C) famouspamphlet,CommonSense.
D) DeclarationofIndependence.
E) Bible.
A

D) Declaration of Independence.

137
Q 
4) Theconceptthateveryoneshouldhavethesamechanceiscalledequalityof
A) distribution.
B) fate.
C) rewards.
D) results.
E) opportunity.
A

E) opportunity.

138
Q 
5) Americansocietygenerallyemphasizesequal
A) payforequalwork.
B) results.
C) rewards.
D) distribution.
E) opportunity.
A

E) opportunity.

139
Q

6) WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A) TheAmericanRevolutionwasfoughtprincipallyinthenameofequality.
B) ThedelegatestotheConstitutionalConventiondidnotresolvethetensionbetween slaveryandtheprinciplesoftheDeclarationofIndependence.
C) WomenʹsrightswerehotlydebatedattheConstitutionalConvention.
D) Mostcolonistswereeagertodefendslavery.
E) alloftheabove

A

B) The delegates to the Constitutional Convention did not resolve the tension between slavery and the principles of the Declaration of Independence.

140
Q

7) ThomasJefferson,whowroteintheDeclarationofIndependenceʺWeholdthesetruthstobe selfevident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,ʺbelieved
A) thatslaverywasimmoral.
B) intheprincipleofequalrewards.
C) thatblacksweregeneticallyinferiortowhites.
D) thattherewerenodifferencesamonghumanbeings.
E) thatallpeoplearecreatedequalatbirth,butbecomeunequalovertime.

A

C) that blacks were genetically inferior to whites.

141
Q

8) TheFourteenthAmendmentwasoneofthreepassed
A) duringthe1960s.
B) directlyfollowingtheCivilWar.
C) duringGeorgeWashingtonʹsadministration.
D) duringtheDepressionofthe1930s.
E) rightaftertheRevolutionaryWar.

A

B) directly following the Civil War.

142
Q

9) TheFourteenthAmendmentspecificallyforbidsthestatesfromdenyingtoanyone
A) freedomonthebasisofrace.
B) freedomofprivacy.
C) therighttovoteonthebasisofrace.
D) equalprotectionofthelaws.
E) therighttovoteonthebasisofsex.

A

D) equalprotectionofthelaws.

143
Q 
10) ThefirstandonlyplaceinwhichtheideaofequalityappearsintheConstitutionisinthe
A) FourteenthAmendment.
B) NinthAmendment.
C) Preamble.
D) FirstAmendment.
E) DeclarationofIndependence.
A

A) Fourteenth Amendment.

144
Q 
11) TheconceptofequalitybeforethelawwasintroducedtotheConstitutioninthe
A) FourteenthAmendment.
B) Preamble.
C) FifteenthAmendment.
D) SixteenthAmendment.
E) ThirteenthAmendment.
A

A) Fourteenth Amendment.

145
Q

12) Overthelast100years,theprovisionsoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavebecomethevehicle for A) extendingtherighttovotetonon-whites,women,and18-year-olds.
B) expansiveconstitutionalinterpretationtooutlawarbitraryclassificationswhichdeny equalityunderthelaw.
C) limitingthenationalgovernmentʹsabilitytointerfereinmattersaffectingindividual states.
D) governmentregulationofbusinessandindustry.
E) alloftheabove

A

B) expansive constitutional interpretation to outlaw arbitrary classifications which deny equality under the law.

146
Q

13) StandardsofreviewusedbytheSupremeCourtindiscriminationcasesincludeallofthe followingEXCEPT
A) inherentlysuspect.
B) morethanreasonable.
C) reasonable.
D) intermediate,betweenreasonableandinherentlysuspect.
E) cautious.

A

B) more than reasonable.

147
Q

14) Thecourtshaverecentlyruledthat,undertheFourteenthAmendment,racialandethnic classificationsbystatesinregardtoanymatter
A) arereasonable.
B) areunconstitutional.
C) areinherentlysuspect.
D) arenottheproperbusinessofthefederalcourtstoconsider,butareuptothestates individually.
E) arearbitrary,butusuallyreasonable.

A

C) are inherently suspect.

148
Q

15) ClassificationsbyraceandethnicityhavenowbeenruledbytheCourttobeacceptableonlyin
A) matterswhereincertainracesorethnicgroupsshowgreatertalentorlessaptitude.
B) lawspassedbyCongress,notthosepassedbytheindividualstates.
C) regardtorulesandregulationsofthearmedforces.
D) lawsseekingtoremedypreviousdiscrimination.
E) mattersinvolvingnationalsecurity.

A

D) laws seeking to remedy previous discrimination.

149
Q

16) Equalprotectionofthelaws
A) meansthatlawscannotestablishdifferentstandardsforthetreatmentofdifferent groups.
B) isguaranteedintheoriginalConstitution.
C) meansthatstateshavetomaketheirlawspromoteequalityamongpersons.
D) providesarigidstandardforconstitutionalinterpretation.
E) doesnotdenystatestreatingclassesofcitizensdifferentlyiftheclassificationis reasonable.

A

E) does not deny states treating classes of citizens differently if the classification is reasonable.

150
Q

17) TheSupremeCourthasruledthatracialandethnicclassificationsare
A) legaliftheyarereasonable.
B) notcoveredbytheFourteenthAmendment.
C) inherentlysuspect.
D) neverpermissible.
E) exemptfromtheconstitutionalpenumbrasoftheBillofRights.

A

C) inherently suspect.

151
Q

18) Classificationsbasedongenderhavebeenruledtobe________bythedecisionsoftheCourt inthepastseveralyears.
A) reasonable
B) strictlyunconstitutional
C) sexist
D) inherentlysuspect
E) somewherebetweeninherentlysuspectandreasonable

A

E) somewhere between inherently suspect and reasonable

152
Q 
19) ThefirstAfricanimmigrantstoAmericawere
A) clergy.
B) smallshopkeepers.
C) kidnapvictims.
D) farmers.
E) Nigerianivorytraders.
A

C) kidnap victims.

153
Q

20) Todaytheequalprotectionclauseisinterpretedbroadlyenoughtodoallofthefollowing EXCEPT
A) reapportionstatelegislatures.
B) prohibitjobdiscrimination.
C) permitsexualharassment.
D) forbidracialsegregationinthepublicschools.
E) noneoftheabove

A

C) permit sexual harassment.

154
Q 
21) Inthecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,theSupremeCourtruledthatablackman,slaveorfree,wasʺchattelʺ andhadnorightsunderawhitemanʹsgovernment;italsoruledthatCongresshadnopower tobanslaveryinthewesternterritories.
A) Plessyv.Ferguson
B) Craigv.Boren
C) DredScottv.Sandford
D) Brownv.BoardofEducation
E) Amosv.Colorado
A

C) Dred Scott v. Sandford

155
Q

22) InthecaseofDredScottv.Sandford,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourt
A) votedunanimouslytodeclareslaveryunconstitutionalandʺbarbaric,ʺthuscausingthe southernstatestosecede. B) ruledthatalladultAfrican-AmericanmenhadarighttovoteundertheConstitution.
C) outlawedsegregationlawswhichseparatedblacksandwhitesinallpublicplaces.
D) ruledthatablackman,slaveorfree,wasʺchattel,ʺandupheldslaveryitselfas constitutional.
E) forthefirsttimeplacedageographiclimitontheexpansionofslavery,banningitwestof theMississippiRiver.

A

D) ruled that a black man, slave or free, was ʺchattel,ʺ and upheld slavery itself as constitutional.

156
Q 
23) TheDredScottv.SandfordrulingwashandeddownbytheSupremeCourt
A) afewyearsaftertheCivilWar.
B) in1896.
C) duringtheCivilWar.
D) inthe1950s.
E) afewyearspriortotheCivilWar.
A

E) a few years prior to the Civil War.

157
Q 
24) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_AmendmentoutlawedslaveryintheUnitedStates.
A) Thirteenth
B) Nineteenth
C) Tenth
D) First
E) EqualRights
A

A) Thirteenth

158
Q

25) TheThirteenthAmendment
A) forbadeslaveryandinvoluntaryservitude.
B) gaveAfricanAmericanstherighttovote.
C) repealedtheTwelfthAmendment.
D) establishedtheprincipleofseparatebutequal.
E) repealedProhibition.

A

A) forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.

159
Q 
26) TheThirteenthAmendmentwaspassed
A) in1920.
B) in1850.
C) inthe1960s.
D) asoneoftheoriginalBillofRights.
E) attheendoftheCivilWar.
A

E) at the end of the Civil War.

160
Q 
27) TheconstitutionaltrailforsecuringequalrightsforallAmericanswasblazedprimarilyby
A) women.
B) HispanicAmericans.
C) AsianAmericans.
D) theAmericanIndians.
E) AfricanAmericans.
A

E) African Americans.

161
Q

28) InDredScottv.Sandford(1857),ChiefJusticeTaneydeclaredthat
A) theimportationofslavesintotheUnitedStateswasillegal,butslaveryitselfwasnot.
B) Congresshadnoauthoritytobanslaveryintheterritories.
C) aslavewhohadescapedtoafreestatebecameafreeman.
D) slaveryisinherentlyunconstitutional. E) slaverycanbepracticedintheso-calledfreestates.

A

B) Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories.

162
Q

29) Slaverywasdeclaredunconstitutionalbythe
A) ThirteenthAmendment.
B) FourteenthAmendment.
C) JimCrowlaws.
D) BillofRights.
E) DredScottv.SandfordSupremeCourtcase.

A

A) Thirteenth Amendment.

163
Q

30) JimCrowlawswerethosewhich
A) wereenactedbySouthernwhitesinthelatenineteenthcenturytosegregateAfrican Americansfromwhites.
B) theNorthenforcedintheSouthintheReconstructionerafollowingtheCivilWar, grantingrightstoformerslaves.
C) soughttoendsegregationandbringtheracesintoclosercontactwithoneanother.
D) justifiedslaveryandsetcodesforslavesʹbehavior.
E) establishedslaveryandcontractlawregulatingtheslavetrade.

A

A) were enacted by Southern whites in the late nineteenth century to segregate African Americans from whites.

164
Q

31) TheSupremeCourtʹsdecisioninthecaseofPlessyv.Ferguson
A) forthefirsttimeestablishedraceasasuspectclassificationandruledthatformerslaves mustbegrantedlandorotherwisecompensatedfortheiryearsofforcedlabor.
B) outlawedslavery.
C) statedthattheprincipleofseparatebutequalpublicfacilitiesforAfricanAmericanswas constitutional.
D) statedthattheprincipleofseparatebutequalpublicfacilitiesforAfricanAmericanswas unconstitutional.
E) ruledthatslaveswerechattelpropertyandentitledtonorightsundertheConstitution.

A

C) stated that the principle of separate but equal public facilities for African Americans was constitutional.

165
Q 
32) Inthecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,theSupremeCourtruledthatsegregationofracesbylawwas constitutionalsolongasthefacilitiesthatwereseparatewerealsoequal.
A) Amosv.Alabama
B) Brownv.BoardofEducation
C) Plessyv.Ferguson
D) Craigv.Boren
E) DredScottv.Sandford
A

C) Plessy v. Ferguson

166
Q

33) JimCrowlaws
A) imposedlegalsegregationonAfricanAmericansintheSouthaftertheCivilWar.
B) wereanattempttoreimposeslaveryintheSouthaftertheCivilWar.
C) gaveAfricanAmericanstherighttovoteinlocalelectionsintheSouth.
D) grantedformerslavesfreelandincompensationfortheiryearsofunpaidlabor.
E) allowedAfricanAmericanstoholdstateandfederalofficesintheSouthaftertheCivil War.

A

A) imposed legal segregation on African Americans in the South after the Civil War.

167
Q

34) InthecaseofPlessyv.Ferguson,
A) housingdiscriminationwasforbidden.
B) theprincipleofʺseparatebutequalʺwasoverturned.
C) schoolbusingwasallowedtoremedyracialsegregation.
D) UnitedStatescitizenshipandallrightsthatgowithitweregrantedtoformerslaves.
E) theprincipleofʺseparatebutequalʺwasusedtojustifysegregation.

A

E) the principle of ʺseparate but equalʺ was used to justify segregation.

168
Q

35) Duringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury,theSupremeCourt
A) paidmoreattentiontotheʺseparateʺthantotheʺequalʺpartoftheseparatebutequal doctrine.
B) allowedsegregationinthearmedforces. C) upheldthelegalityofall-whiteprimaries.
D) declaredallJimCrowlawsunconstitutional.
E) alloftheabove

A

A) paid more attention to the ʺseparateʺ than to the ʺequalʺ part of the separate but equal doctrine.

169
Q 
36) Legalsegregationoftheraceswasdeclaredunconstitutionalinthe1954landmarkruling knownas
A) Kingv.UniversityofKansas.
B) Plessyv.Ferguson.
C) DredScottv.Sandford.
D) Craigv.Boren.
E) noneoftheabove
A

E) none of the above

170
Q 
37) TheBrownv.BoardofEducation decisionoverturnedtheSupremeCourtʹs1896rulingin
A) Craigv.Boren.
B) DredScottv.Sandford.
C) Marburyv.Madison.
D) Amosv.Alabama.
E) Plessyv.Ferguson.
A

E) Plessy v. Ferguson.

171
Q

38) InBrownv.BoardofEducation(1954),theSupremeCourt
A) orderedtheTopekaschooldistricttospendmoremoneyonblackschools.
B) enunciatedtheprincipleofequalbutseparate.
C) ruledthatthevisiblesignsofeducationweresubstantiallyequalbetweenblackschools andwhiteones.
D) enunciatedtheprincipleofseparatebutequal.
E) ruledthatschoolsegregationwasinherentlyunequal.

A

E) ruled that school segregation was inherently unequal.

172
Q 
39) TheSupremeCourtʹsrulinginBrownv.BoardofEducation wasbasedonthelegalargument thatsegregationviolatedthe\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Amendment.
A) Fourteenth
B) First C) Twenty-sixth
D) Nineteenth
E) EqualRights
A

A) Fourteenth

173
Q

40) Defactoeducationalsegregationoccurs
A) byforcedschoolbusingtoseparatetheraces.
B) byforcedschoolbusingtointegratetheraces.
C) whensegregatedclassroomsoccurwithinanintegratedschool.
D) bylaw.
E) bytherealityofneighborhoodschoolslocatedinareasthathappentoberacially segregated.

A

E) by the reality of neighborhood schools located in areas that happen to be racially segregated.

174
Q

41) Dejureeducationalsegregationoccurs
A) byconstitutionalamendment.
B) bylaw.
C) byforcedschoolbusingtointegratetheraces.
D) bytherealityofneighborhoodschoolslocatedinareasthathappentoberacially segregated. E) fromday-to-daydependingonchangingenrollmentsataparticularschool.

A

B) by law.

175
Q

42) Inthecaseof________,theSupremeCourtupheldfederalcourtrulingsorderingbusingof studentstoachieveraciallybalancedschools.
A) Craigv.Boren
B) Plessyv.Ferguson
C) Brownv.BoardofEducation
D) UnifiedTransportationCo.vMadisonCounty E) Swannv.Charlotte-Mecklenberg CountySchools
E) Swannv.Charlotte-Mecklenberg CountySchools

A

E) Swannv.Charlotte-Mecklenberg CountySchools

176
Q

43) TheimmediatereactiontoBrownv.BoardofEducation (1954)was
A) thebusingofstudentstoachieveraciallybalancedschools.
B) theclosingofschoolsinTopeka,Kansas. C) passageoftheTwenty-thirdAmendmenttooverturntheBrowndecision.
D) thedesegregationofpublicschoolsintheSouth.
E) increasedenrollmentinprivateschoolsbywhitesintheSouthandathreattoclose publicschools.

A

E) increased enrollment in private schools by whites in the South and a threat to close public schools.

177
Q 
44) AfterBrownv.BoardofEducation (1954),schoolintegrationintheSouth
A) wasunaffectedbythedecision.
B) endedabruptly.
C) wascompletedwithinthreeyears.
D) neverchanged.
E) proceededveryslowly.
A

E) proceeded very slowly.

178
Q

45) ThecaseofSwannv.Charlotte-MecklenbergCountySchools (1971)
A) prohibitedbusingforschoolintegration.
B) permittedjudgestoachieveraciallybalancedschoolsthroughbusing.
C) ruledthatschoolsmustsetasideafederaljudge-determinednumberofspotsforblacks beforetheywouldbeconsidereddesegregated.
D) gavestatelegislaturesthepowertodetermineschooldesegregationproceduresineach state.
E) ruledthatschoolscouldnotlimitthenumberofblackstudentsenrolledinaneffortto minimizedesegregation.

A

B) permitted judges to achieve racially balanced schools through busing.

179
Q 
46) Theoneinstitutionmostresponsibleforputtingcivilrightsgoalsonthenationʹspolicyagenda was
A) Congress.
B) thepresidency.
C) thecourts.
D) thepoliticalparties.
E) thestategovernments.
A

C) the courts.

180
Q 
47) AllofthefollowingweretacticsoftheCivilRightsMovementEXCEPT
A) marches.
B) civildisobedience. C) sit-ins.
D) busboycotts.
E) noneoftheabove
A

E) none of the above

181
Q 
48) TheCivilRightsActof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,themostimportantlawsincetheEmancipation Proclamation,maderacialdiscriminationillegalinpublicaccommodationsthroughout America.
A) 1947
B) 1964
C) 1984
D) 1974
E) 1954
A

B) 1964

182
Q 
49) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Amendment,adoptedin1870,guaranteedtherightofAfricanAmericanstovote --atleastinprinciple.
A) Nineteenth
B) Thirteenth
C) First
D) Fifteenth
E) Fifth
A

D) Fifteenth

183
Q

50) TheCivilRightsActof1964
A) maderacialdiscriminationillegalinplacesofpublicaccommodation.
B) forbadediscriminationinemploymentonthebasisofrace,color,nationalorigin, religion,orgender.
C) prohibitedgenderdiscriminationintheworkplace.
D) bothAandB
E) neitherAnorB

A

D) both A and B

184
Q

51) Suffragerefersto
A) thepracticeofdefactoslaveryratherthandejure slavery.
B) thelegalsegregationoftheracesorofmenandwomeninhotels,motels,restaurants, andotherpublicplaces.
C) thehardshipsenduredtoobtaincivilrightsforAfricanAmericansandequalrightsfor women.
D) thelegalrighttovote.
E) thepracticeofshacklingslavesworkinginfieldssotheycouldnotrunaway.

A

D) the legal right to vote.

185
Q 
52) Thelegalrighttovoteisreferredtoas
A) civilliberties.
B) thegrandfatherclause.
C) civilrights.
D) suffrage.
E) coverture.
A

D) suffrage.

186
Q

53) ThegrandfatherclausewaspassedbyOklahomaandothersouthernstatesto
A) excludeblacksfromhavingtherighttovoteinprimaryelections,thoughtheycouldvote ingeneralelections.
B) guaranteetheequalrightsofseniorcitizensinemployment.
C) denyAfricanAmericanstherighttovote.
D) denylandtoanyonewhosegrandfatherswerenotwhite.
E) distributelandtoformerslavesonthebasisofhowmanygenerationstheyhadserved onaparticularplantation.

A

C) deny African Americans the right to vote.

187
Q 
54) Thegrandfatherclausewas\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_bytheSupremeCourtinthe1915decision,Guinnv. UnitedStates.
A) overlooked
B) established
C) declaredagediscrimination
D) foundunconstitutionalandoutlawed
E) upheldasconstitutional
A

D) found unconstitutional and outlawed

188
Q

55) TheCivilRightsActof1964
A) establishedthefirstaffirmativeactionprograms.
B) endeddiscriminationinthepurchaseorrentalofhousing.
C) endedthewhiteprimary.
D) guaranteedminoritygroupstherighttovote.
E) guaranteedequalaccesstohotels,restaurants,andotherpublicaccommodations.

A

E) guaranteed equal access to hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodations.

189
Q 
56) Blackswerefirstgiventhelegalrighttovotebythe
A) CivilRightsActof1964. 
B) Twenty-fourthAmendment.
C) FifteenthAmendment.
D) VotingRightsActof1965.
E) EmancipationProclamation.
A

C) Fifteenth Amendment.

190
Q 
57) TorenderAfrican-Americanvotesineffective,severalsouthernstatesusedthe\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,a devicethatpermittedpoliticalpartiestochoosetheirnomineesinelectionsofflimitstoblacks.
A) suffrage
B) grandfatherclause
C) polltax
D) hiddenballot
E) whiteprimary
A

E) white primary

191
Q

58) TheTwenty-fourthAmendment,ratifiedin1964,
A) prohibiteddiscriminationinemploymentorpublicaccommodationsbasedonrace.
B) grantedNegroestherighttovote.
C) outlawedtheuseofliteracytestsinordertoregistertovote.
D) outlawedthegrandfatherclauseandthewhiteprimary.
E) prohibitedtheuseofpolltaxesinfederalelections.

A

E) prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections.

192
Q

59) Polltaxesforfederalelectionswereoutlawedinthe
A) VotingRightsAct.
B) CivilRightsActof1964.
C) SupremeCourtʹsGuinnv.UnitedStates decisionof1915. D) Twenty-fourthAmendment.
E) TaxReformActof1963.

A

D) Twenty-fourth Amendment.

193
Q

60) OneconsequenceoftheVotingRightsActof1965was
A) dramaticincreaseinthenumberofAfricanAmericansregisteredtovote.
B) increasedaccessofblackstopublicaccommodations.
C) theincreaseduseofgerrymandering.
D) decreasedinvolvementoffederalofficialsinstateelectionprocedures.
E) anincreaseinsegregation.

A

A) dramatic increase in the number of African Americans registered to vote.

194
Q

61) Thewhiteprimary
A) wastheexaminationvotershadtopassbeforebeingallowedtovote,designedto preventblacksfromvotingbecausetheyhadbeendeniededucationalopportunities.
B) deniedblackstherighttorunforofficeinprimaryelectionsintheSouth.
C) excludedblacksfromprimaryelections,thusdeprivingthemofavoiceinthereal electoralcontestsintheSouth.
D) deniedblackstherighttovoteinallsouthernelections.
E) allowedblackstovoteonlyinRepublicanprimariesintheheavilyDemocraticSouth.

A

C) excluded blacks from primary elections, thus depriving them of a voice in the real electoral contests in the South.

195
Q

62) Native-AmericanIndiansweremadecitizensoftheUnitedStatesin
A) 1964.
B) 1924.
C) 1789.
D) 1868.
E) TheywerenevermadecitizensoftheUnitedStates.

A

B) 1924.

196
Q

63) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutNativeAmericansisFALSE?
A) NativeAmericansaretheoldestminoritygroupintheUnitedStates.
B) NativeAmericansareguaranteedaccesstothepolls,housing,andtojobs.
C) NativeAmericansweremadecitizensoftheUnitedStateslongbeforeAfrican Americansreceivedthesamestatus.
D) TheIndianClaimsActof1946establishedameanstosettlefinancialdisputesarising fromlandstakenfromtheIndians.
E) NativeAmericansarethepoorestminoritygroupintheUnitedStates.

A

C) Native Americans were made citizens of the United States long before African Americans received the same status.

197
Q 
64) HispanicAmericanscompriseapproximately\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_percentoftheUnitedStates population.
A) 14
B) 5
C) 22
D) 10
E) 20
A

A) 14

198
Q 
65) ThefastestgrowingminoritygroupintheUnitedStatesis
A) NativeAmericans.
B) AfricanAmericans.
C) JapaneseAmericans.
D) HispanicAmericans.
E) AsianAmericans.
A

E) Asian Americans.

199
Q

66) InthecaseofKorematsuv.UnitedStates,theSupremeCourt
A) ruledthattheremovalofJapaneseAmericansfromthewestcoastandtheirplacementin internmentcampsduringWorldWarIIwasbarbaricandunconstitutional.
B) ruledjustpriortoWorldWarIIthatJapaneseAmericanslivingintheUnitedStateshad toberepatriatedtoJapan.
C) upheldtheconstitutionalityoftheUnitedStatesatomicbombingofHiroshimaand Nagasaki.
D) upheldtheconstitutionalityoftheremovalofJapaneseAmericansfromthewestcoast andtheirplacementininternmentcampsduringWorldWarII.
E) ruledthatrestrictionsonJapaneseownershipoflandintheUnitedStateswere unconstitutional.

A

D) upheld the constitutionality of the removal of Japanese Americans from the west coast and their placement in internment camps during World War II.

200
Q

67) TheSupremeCourtcaseofKorematsuv.UnitedStates (1944)
A) upheldtheconstitutionalityoftheinternmentofJapaneseAmericansduringWorldWar II.
B) ruledthatpublicdiscriminationagainstJapaneseAmericansisunconstitutional.
C) setthestagefortheextensionofequalrightstoJapaneseAmericans.
D) awardedbenefitstoJapaneseAmericansinternedduringWorldWarII.
E) upheldtheprohibitionoftheownershipoflandbypeopleofJapanesedescent.

A

A) upheld the constitutionality of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

201
Q 
68) Thewomenʹsrightsmovementwaslaunchedwiththesigningofthe
A) FeministManifesto.
B) EmancipationProclamation.
C) SenecaFallsDeclaration.
D) EqualRightsAmendment.
E) DeclarationofIndependence.
A

C) Seneca Falls Declaration.

202
Q

69) ʺCovertureʺ
A) wasthecombinationofelectricshocktherapyanddrugsonceusedtoʺcureʺ homosexualsoftheirhomosexuality.
B) wasthelegaldoctrinethatdeprivedmarriedwomenofanyidentityseparatefromthat oftheirhusbands.
C) isatermusedtodescribethetimewhenminoritygroupswilloutnumberCaucasiansof Europeandescent.
D) wastheprincipleusedtojustifytheinternmentofJapaneseAmericansduringWorld WarII.
E) wasthelegaldoctrineusedtodiscriminateagainstNativeAmericansbyplacingthemin reservations.

A

B) was the legal doctrine that deprived married women of any identity separate from that of their husbands.

203
Q

70) TheNineteenthAmendment
A) gavewomentheconstitutionalrighttovote.
B) outlawedthepolltaxinfederalelections.
C) repealedProhibition.
D) gaveAfricanAmericanstheconstitutionalrighttovote.
E) endedslavery.

A

A) gave women the constitutional right to vote.

204
Q 
71) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_gavewomentheconstitutionalrighttovote.
A) BillofRights
B) FifteenthAmendment 
C) Twenty-fourthAmendment
D) EqualRightsAmendment
E) NineteenthAmendment
A

E) Nineteenth Amendment

205
Q

72) Fromabout1920-1960,thefeministmovement
A) experiencedgreatgrowthandactivity.
B) wasinaperiodofhibernation.
C) waspreoccupiedwithwinningtherighttovote. D) concentratedonanti-warcauses.
E) firstcoalescedasasignificantpoliticalmovementintheUnitedStates.

A

B) was in a period of hibernation.

206
Q 
73) AlicePaulauthoredtheEqualRightsAmendment,andunsuccessfullypushedforitspassage beginninginthe
A) 1960s.
B) 1970s.
C) 1920s.
D) 1980s.
E) 1940s.
A

C) 1920s.

207
Q 
74) Womenwerefirstgiventherighttovotebythe
A) SuffrageActof1880.
B) EqualRightsAmendment.
C) FifteenthAmendment.
D) VotingRightsAct.
E) NineteenthAmendment.
A

E) Nineteenth Amendment.

208
Q

75) Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheimmediateconsequenceofwomenreceivingthe righttovoteisFALSE?
A) Manysupportersoftherighttovoteacceptedthetraditionalmodelofthefamily.
B) Thefeministmovementgainedsteamimmediatelyaftertherighttovotewassecured.
C) Winningtherighttovotedidnotautomaticallygivewomenequalrights,pay,and status.
D) Manystatelawscontinuedtoenshrinethetraditionalviewofthefamilyinpublicpolicy.
E) Gainingtherighttovotedidnoteliminatemanyofthechallengesfacingwomen.

A

B) The feminist movement gained steam immediately after the right to vote was secured.

209
Q

76) AfterpassageoftheNineteenthAmendmentin1920,publicpolicytowardwomenwas dominatedby
A) protectionism.
B) theprincipleofequality.
C) coverture.
D) matriarchalism.
E) economic,butnotpolitical,advances.

A

A) protectionism.

210
Q

77) Thefeministmovementwasreborn
A) whenwomenbecameinvolvedinthewareffortduringWorldWarII.
B) whentheSupremeCourtmadeitsdecisioninRoev.Wade.
C) aftertheCivilWarwhenwomenbecameinspiredbytheemancipationoftheslaves.
D) duringtheCivilRightsmovementofthe1950sand1960s.
E) whentheEqualRightsAmendmentwasfirstintroducedinthe1920s.

A

D) during the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

211
Q 
78) BettyFriedanʹsbook,\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,publishedin1963,encouragedmanywomentoquestion traditionalassumptionsandtoasserttheirrights.
A) AHandmaidʹsTale
B) TheSecondSex
C) TheFemaleEunuch
D) WomenandEconomics
E) TheFeminineMystique
A

E) The Feminine Mystique

212
Q

79) In________,theSupremeCourtruledthatanyʺarbitraryʺsex-basedclassificationviolatedthe equalprotectionclause.
A) RegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke
B) DredScottv.Sandford
C) Swannv.Charlotte-MecklenbergCountySchools
D) Reedv.Reed
E) Roev.Wade

A

D) Reed v. Reed

213
Q

80) InthecaseofCraigv.Boren,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) sexclassificationswouldbetreatedbytheCourtasinherentlysuspect.
B) racialclassificationswereconstitutionaliftheyhaveacompelling,legitimate,and rationalpurpose.
C) itwouldemployaʺmediumscrutinyʺstandard:sexdiscriminationwouldbetreatedas neithervalidnorinvalid.
D) sexclassificationswouldbetreatedbytheCourtasvalid.
E) allsexclassificationswereunconstitutional.

A

C) it would employ a ʺmedium scrutinyʺ standard: sex discrimination would be treated as neither valid nor invalid.

214
Q

81) InthecaseofReedv.Reed(1971),theSupremeCourt
A) struckdownanOklahomalawsettingdifferentlegaldrinkingagesformenandwomen.
B) declaredthatawomanʹsplaceisinthehome.
C) prohibitedsexualdiscriminationinpublicschools.
D) heldthatanyarbitrarysex-basedclassificationviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseofthe FourteenthAmendment.
E) declaredthatwomenareentitledtohalfthecommunitypropertyofamarriagewhen thereisadivorce.

A

D) held that any arbitrary sex-based classification violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

215
Q

82) TheSupremeCourthasvoidedeachofthefollowingsexualdiscriminationlawsEXCEPTlaws that
A) providedforalimonypaymentstowomenonly.
B) madestatutoryrapeacrimeformenonly.
C) setahigheragefordrinkingformenthanforwomen.
D) closedastateʹsnursingschooltomen.
E) providedchildsupportforwomenonly.

A

B) made statutory rape a crime for men only.

216
Q

83) WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A) Manysexdiscriminationcaseshaveinvolvedmenseekingequalitywithwomen.
B) TheSupremeCourtfirststruckdownalawonthebasisofsexdiscriminationin1920.
C) TheSupremeCourthassofarstruckdownonlyahandfuloflawsfordiscriminatingon thebasisofgender.
D) Allofthesearetrue.
E) Noneofthesearetrue.

A

A) Many sex discrimination cases have involved men seeking equality with women.

217
Q

84) TheEqualRightsAmendmentfailedbecause
A) itwasvetoedbythePresident.
B) theSupremeCourtvoideditasunconstitutional. C) itdidnotwintherequiredtwo-thirdsvoteineachchamberofCongress.
D) itwasrejectedbytheUnitedStatesSenate.
E) itfellthreestatesshortofsufficientratification.

A

E) it fell three states short of sufficient ratification.

218
Q

85) The________bannedgenderdiscriminationinemploymentbylaw.
A) CivilRightsActof1964
B) FairLaborStandardsAct
C) SupremeCourtrulinginNationalOrganizationforWomenv.BankofAmerica
D) NineteenthAmendment
E) GenderEquityActof1972

A

A) Civil Rights Act of 1964

219
Q

86) Inconsideringgenderdiscriminationinemploymentandbusinessactivity,theSupremeCourt hasruledthatanyprerequisitesbasedongenderorappearance
A) fallwithinthepenumbraofthecommerceclause,andthusenjoyitsconstitutional protection.
B) areunconstitutional.
C) musthaveadirectrelationshipwiththedutiesrequiredinaparticularposition,orare otherwisediscriminatory.
D) canbeacceptedasnon-discriminatoryiftherequirementshavealongstandingtradition intheindustry.
E) aremattersofprivatebusinessconcernandthereforenotundertheprotectionofthe Constitution.

A

C) must have a direct relationship with the duties required in a particular position, or are otherwise discriminatory

220
Q

87) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheEqualRightsAmendment(ERA)isFALSE?
A) TheERAwasratifiedin1982.
B) TheERAbattlestimulatedvigorousfeministactivity. C) TheERAbattlestimulatedvigorousanti-feministactivity.
D) TheERAwasfirstintroducedinthe1920s.
E) CongresspassedtheERAin1972.

A

A) The ERA was ratified in 1982.

221
Q

88) TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourthashandeddowneachofthefollowingdecisions concerninggenderdiscriminationinemploymentandbusinessactivityEXCEPT
A) requiringthefederalgovernmenttogivewomenequalpayforjobsofcomparableworth.
B) prohibitinggenderdiscriminationinprivatebusinessandserviceclubs.
C) voidinglawsandrulesbarringwomenfromjobsthrougharbitraryheightandweight requirements.
D) protectingwomenfrombeingrequiredtotakemandatorypregnancyleavesfromtheir jobs.
E) Noneoftheabove;thecourthashandeddowneachofthedecisionsabove.

A

A) requiring the federal government to give women equal pay for jobs of comparable worth.

222
Q 
89) Theissueof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_dealswithwomenseekingtoredressthefactthatjobstraditionallyheld bymentendtopayfargreatersalariesthanjobsrequiringsimilarskillsbutaretraditionally heldbywomen.
A) genderequality
B) affirmativeaction
C) feminizedwagescales
D) comparableworth
E) thelacepurse
A

D) comparable worth

223
Q

90) ʺComparableworthʺreferstotheissueof
A) payingmenandwomenequivalentsalariesforjobsrequiringsimilarskills.
B) governmentsubsidizationofwomenwhochoosetoworkathome.
C) theinherentdignityandequalityofwomenwithmen.
D) reducedworkresponsibilitiesforwomenworkerswithchildren.
E) equalvotingrightsandaccesstopublicofficeforwomen.

A

A) paying men and women equivalent salaries for jobs requiring similar skills.

224
Q

91) WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A) Womenareprohibitedfromservingascombatpilots.
B) Womenareprohibitedonnavywarships.
C) Womenarenowallowedingroundcombatunits.
D) Bothmenandwomenmustregisterforthedraftatage18.
E) noneoftheabove

A

E) none of the above

225
Q

92) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutwomeninthemilitaryisFALSE?
A) Congresshasopenedalltheserviceacademiestowomen.
B) Women,aswellasmen,arenowrequiredtoregisterforthedraft.
C) Statutesandregulationsprohibitwomenfromservinginmostcombatsituations.
D) WomenhaveservedineverybranchofthearmedservicessinceWorldWarII.
E) Womendonothaveaceilingontheranktheycanachieve.

A

B) Women, as well as men, are now required to register for the draft.

226
Q

93) ThePersianGulfWarshowedthat
A) womencouldserveascombatpilots.
B) womenwouldnotvolunteerforcombatpositions.
C) thereisnoplaceinthemilitaryforwomen.
D) womendidwellinthemilitary,butshouldnotserveincombatpositions.
E) womenʹsmilitaryperformancewasinferiortomenʹs.

A

A) women could serve as combat pilots.

227
Q

94) In1993,theSupremeCourtruledthatsexualharassmentissexdiscriminationthatviolatesthe CivilRightsActwhen
A) thetargetobjectsasecondtimetotouching,bodylanguage,ordirtytalk.
B) itcausesseverepsychologicalinjury.
C) theworkplaceenvironmentbecomeshostileorabusive.
D) anemployeecannolongerperformhisorherjob.
E) thetargetsuffersanervousbreakdown.

A

C) the workplace environment becomes hostile or abusive.

228
Q

95) InFaragherv.CityofBocaRaton (1998),theSupremeCourtheldthat
A) schooldistrictscanbeheldliableforsexualharassment.
B) themilitarycannotberesponsibleforsexualharassmentatconferences.
C) employersareresponsibleforpreventingandeliminatingsexualharassment.
D) governmententitiesarenotresponsibleforpreventingsexualharassment.
E) noneoftheabove

A

C) employers are responsible for preventing and eliminating sexual harassment.

229
Q

96) The1991conventionoftheTailhookAssociationofnavalaviatorsexperiencedacelebrated caseofsexualharassmentwhen
A) thecommandingofficerscatteredhispubichairsuponthedesksofsomeofhisfemale secretaries. B) thecommander-in-chiefofthearmedforcesaskedafemaleaviatoruptohishotelroom ostensiblyforbusinessandthenunzippedhispants,showedherhispenis,andaskedfor oralsex.
C) somemensecretlyvideotapedtheirsexualencountersandthenshowedthematthe convention.
D) maleaviatorslinedahotelhallwayandgropedandkissedwomentryingtogettotheir rooms.
E) Allofthese;itwasareallysordidaffair.

A

D) male aviators lined a hotel hallway and groped and kissed women trying to get to their rooms.

230
Q

97) The1991conventionoftheTailhookAssociationconventionbroughtattentiontotheproblem of
A) thefailureoftheEqualRightsAmendment.
B) homosexualactivityinthearmedservices.
C) comparableworth.
D) sexualharassment.
E) sexualdiscriminationinthecourts.

A

D) sexual harassment.

231
Q

98) Theʺgrayliberationʺmovementrefersto
A) elderlyhomosexualsseekingequality.
B) thoseseekinglawsthatbreakdownracialbarriersandpromoteharmony.
C) anti-pollutionactivistswhoseektoreducesmog.
D) thosefightingfortherightsoftheelderly.
E) thosefightingforequalrightsandjusticeforthedisabled.

A

D) those fighting for the rights of the elderly.

232
Q 
99) ThefastestgrowingagegroupintheAmericanpopulationis
A) GenerationX.
B) peopleintheir80s.
C) infants.
D) teenagers. 
E) baby-boomers.
A

B) people in their 80s.

233
Q

100) Agediscriminationlawshave
A) allowedchildrenbetweentheagesof12and18toleavetheirparents.
B) loweredtheminimumcompulsoryretirementageto55.
C) requiredemployerstohireacertainpercentageofpeopleovertheageof50.
D) deniedfederalfundstoanyinstitutiondiscriminatingagainstpeopleoverforty.
E) alloftheabove

A

D) denied federal funds to any institution discriminating against people over forty.

234
Q

101) In1990,Congressenactedthe________,afar-reachinglawtoprotectaparticulargroupof Americansfromdiscrimination,ignoringthosewhoclaimedthepricetagwouldbetoohigh.
A) GayandLesbianCivilRightsBill B) Native-AmericansInclusionAct
C) AmericanswithDisabilitiesAct
D) ChildrenʹsRightsAct
E) ImmigrantGrantAct

A

C) Americans with Disabilities Act

235
Q

102) TheRehabilitationActof1973
A) entitlesallchildrentoafreepubliceducationappropriatetotheirneeds.
B) increasedtheamountoffinancialaidtodisabledpeople.
C) guaranteedfree,lifetimemedicalcareandphysicaltherapyforVietnamWarveterans.
D) addedhandicappedpeopletothelistofAmericansprotectedfromdiscrimination.
E) prohibitsemploymentdiscriminationagainstthedisabled.

A

D) added handicapped people to the list of Americans protected from discrimination.

236
Q

103) TheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActof1990 A) requiredallgovernmentalbuildingstohavewheelchair-accessibleentrancesand facilities.
B) addedAIDSvictimstothelistofhandicappedpersons.
C) prohibitedemploymentdiscriminationagainstthedisabled.
D) addedhandicappedpeopletothelistofAmericansprotectedfromdiscrimination.
E) requiredanaffirmativeactionprogramforthedisabled.

A

C) prohibited employment discrimination against the disabled.

237
Q

104) OppositiontoCivilRightslawsforthehandicappedhasbeenjustifiedprimarilyonthebasis ofthe
A) inabilityofdisabledpersonstohandlemostemploymentrequirements.
B) fearthatlawswillleadtoaquotasystemtohiredisabledpersons.
C) highcostofprogramstohelpthedisabled.
D) fearthatthedisabledwilltakejobsawayfromable-bodiedpersons.
E) alloftheabove

A

C) high cost of programs to help the disabled.

238
Q

105) Homophobiarefersto
A) fearandhatredtowardgaymenandlesbianwomen.
B) thetendencytobesexuallyattractedtomembersofoneʹsownsex.
C) thedevelopmentofpositivestereotypesconcerninggaymenandlesbianwomen.
D) promotingtheCivilRightsofgaymenandlesbianwomen.
E) anattitudeoftoleranceandacceptancetowardgaymenandlesbianwomen.

A

A) fear and hatred toward gay men and lesbian women.

239
Q

106) Affirmativeactionseekstomovebeyond
A) equalresultstoequalopportunity.
B) equalopportunitytoequalresults.
C) equalopportunitytoequalrights.
D) equalrightstoequalopportunity.
E) negativismtopositivisminhumanrelations.

A

B) equal opportunity to equal results.

240
Q 
107) Thepublicpolicypathsforwomenandminoritiesconvergedinthedebateabout
A) affirmativeaction.
B) theEqualRightsAmendment.
C) militaryservice.
D) gayrights.
E) comparableworth.
A

A) affirmative action.

241
Q 
108) Thegoalofaffirmativeactionistomovetoward
A) equalfacilities.
B) equalopportunity.
C) equalresults.
D) equalpay.
E) comparableworth.
A

C) equal results.

242
Q 
109) Thestrongestandmostcontroversialformofaffirmativeactionis
A) busing.
B) comparableworth.
C) numericalquotas.
D) comparativeworth.
E) equalopportunity.
A

C) numerical quotas.

243
Q

110) TheSupremeCourtruledagainstsomeofthebasicprinciplesofaffirmativeactioninwhichof thefollowingcases?
A) MetroBroadcastingInc.v.FederalCommunicationsCommission
B) Fullilovev.Klutznick
C) RegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke
D) UnitedSteelworkersofAmerica,AFL-CIOv.Weber
E) alloftheabove

A

C) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

244
Q

111) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutaffirmativeactionisFALSE?
A) Theconstitutionalstatusofaffirmativeactionhasnotbeenveryclear.
B) Affirmativeactionputsanemphasisonequalresultsandnotmerelyequalopportunities.
C) Affirmativeactionhasbeenusedtoestablishspecialprovisionstoensurethataportion ofschooladmissionsgotominoritiesandwomen.
D) PollingdatashowsthatmostAmericanssupportaffirmativeaction.
E) noneoftheabove

A

D) Polling data shows that most Americans support affirmative action.

245
Q

112) ThecaseofRegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke dealtwith
A) affirmativeaction.
B) sexualharassment.
C) therighttoestablishagaystudentorganization.
D) comparableworth.
E) paidmaternityleave.

A

A) affirmative action.

246
Q

113) InthecaseofRegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourt
A) upheldallaffirmativeactionprogramsasjustifiedandconstitutional. B) ruledthattheUniversityofCalifornia-Davismedicalschoolcouldnotdiscriminate againstwomen,AfricanAmericans,orotherminoritygroups.
C) outlawedallaffirmativeactionprogramsasunconstitutional. D) ruledthatstate-runnursingschoolscouldnotdiscriminateagainstmeninadmissionsto theirprograms.
E) upheldaffirmativeactionprograms,butlimitedtheirscope,andoutlawedracialquota set-asides.

A

E) upheld affirmative action programs, but limited their scope, and outlawed racial quota set-asides.

247
Q

114) Inthecaseof________,theSupremeCourtruledthataffirmativeactionprogramswerenot unconstitutional,buttheycouldnotinvolveaset-asidequotaofspotsavailableonlyto membersofparticulargroups.
A) Craigv.Boren
B) Korematsuv.UnitedStates
C) RegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke
D) Reedv.Reed
E) Roev.Wade

A

C) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

248
Q

115) Inits1995rulinginAdarandConstructorsv.Pena,theSupremeCourt
A) changeddirectionandbegantocurtailfederaluseofaffirmativeactionprograms.
B) outlaweddiscriminationagainstwomenintheconstructionindustry.
C) mandatedanexpansionoffederalaffirmativeactionprograms.
D) upheldfederalaffirmativeactionprogramsasconstitutional.
E) broadenedthescopeofstateandlocalaffirmativeactionprogramsthatitconsiders constitutional.

A

A) changed direction and began to curtail federal use of affirmative action programs.

249
Q

116) InthecaseofRegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke,theCourt A) refusedtoallowtheadmissionofBakketoUniversityofCalifornia-Davis.
B) wasunitedinitsdecision. C) orderedthatUniversityofCalifornia-Daviscouldnotuseraceasacriterionfor admission.
D) ruledthatnursingschoolscannotdiscriminateagainstmenintheiradmissions procedures.
E) ruledthatapublicuniversitycouldnotsetasideaquotaofspotsforparticulargroups.

A

E) ruled that a public university could not set aside a quota of spots for particular groups.

250
Q

117) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSupremeCourtrulingsconcerningaffirmativeaction isFALSE?
A) TheCourthasapprovedpreferentialtreatmentofminoritiesinpromotions.
B) TheCourthasruledthataffirmativeactioncanexemptrecentlyhiredminoritiesfrom traditionalworkrulesspecifyingʺlasthired,firstfiredʺorderoflayoffs.
C) TheCourthasorderedquotasforminorityunionmemberships.
D) TheCourthasruledthatpublicemployersmayuseaffirmativeactionpromotionplans tocountertheunderrepresentationofwomenandminoritiesintheworkplace.
E) noneoftheabove

A

B) The Court has ruled that affirmative action can exempt recently hired minorities from traditional work rules specifying ʺlast hired, first firedʺ order of layoffs.

251
Q 
118) Affirmativeactionprogramsarereferredtobycriticsas
A) negativereaction.
B) reversediscrimination.
C) positivenegativism.
D) comparableworth.
E) degenderizing.
A

B) reverse discrimination.

252
Q

119) Supportersofaffirmativeactionbelievethat
A) affirmativeactionproducessoimportantasocialgoalthatsomereversediscriminationis acceptable.
B) meritistheonlyfairbasisfordistributingbenefits.
C) discriminationiswrong,evenwhenitspurposeistorectifypastinjustices.
D) anyformofquotasystemisunjust.
E) somediscriminationisacceptable.

A

A) affirmative action produces so important a social goal that some reverse discrimination is acceptable.

253
Q

120) Whenproposition209waspassedinCaliforniain1996,itbanned
A) affirmativeactioninpublichiring,contracting,andeducationaladmissions.
B) affirmativeactioninfederalhiring.
C) affirmativeactiononbehalfofhomosexuals.
D) affirmativeactionintheprivatesector.
E) affirmativeactiononbehalfofwomen.

A

A) affirmative action in public hiring, contracting, and educational admissions.

254
Q

121) WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?
A) Civilrightspolicieshaveexpandedthepowerofgovernment.
B) Thesteadyexpansionofcivilrightshasbroughtmoregroupsintothedemocratic process.
C) Currentcivilrightspoliciesconformtotheeighteenth-centuryideaoflimited government.
D) TherightsensuredbytheFirstAmendmentareessentialtoademocracy.
E) LyndonJohnsonwaspresidentwhencivilrightslegislationwaspassedinthe1960s.

A

C) Current civil rights policies conform to the eighteenth-century idea of limited government.

AP Government (3 decks)

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