Ch. 4 & 5 Flashcards
1) Civillibertiesare
A)freedomsthatarenotspecifiedintheConstitutionorinstatutorylaws,butmakeupthe UnwrittenConstitution.
B) therightstovoteandparticipateinthepoliticalprocessinademocracy.
C) lawsthatprovideandsetlimitsononeʹsfreedoms.
D) citizensʹrightstoequaltreatmentunderthelaw.
E) individuallegalandconstitutionalprotectionsagainstthegovernment.
E)individuallegalandconstitutionalprotectionsagainstthegovernment
2) Americansʹcivillibertiesaresetdownin A) theDeclarationofIndependence. B) theBillofRights. C) ArticleIoftheConstitution. D) nowrittendocumentorlaw. E) thePreambletotheConstitution.
B) theBillofRights
3) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_isthefinalinterpreterofthecontentandscopeofAmericansʹcivilliberties. A) president B) Congress C) SupremeCourt D) AmericanCivilLibertiesUnion E) Constitution
C) SupremeCourt
4) Civillibertiesconsistof
A) legalandconstitutionalprotectionsagainstthegovernment.
B) therighttobetreatedequallyunderthelaw.
C) thecumulativedecisionsoftheSupremeCourt.
D) therightofcitizenstosuegovernment
A) legalandconstitutionalprotectionsagainstthegovernment
5) AtthetimeoftheratificationoftheConstitution,
A) allstateshadbillsofrightsbuttherewasnonationalBillofRights.
B) thenationalBillofRightsalsoappliedtothestates.
C) therewerenobillsofrightsintheUnitedStates.
D) boththenationalgovernmentandthestateshadbillsofrights.
E) thenationalgovernmenthadaBillofRightsbut,therewerenostatebillsofrights.
A) allstateshadbillsofrightsbuttherewasnonationalBillofRights.
6) TheBillofRightswaswrittenandproposedby
A) theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtin1796.
B) theFirstCongressoftheUnitedStatesin1789.
C) theConstitutionalConventionin1787.
D) PresidentGeorgeWashingtonin1789.
E) PresidentThomasJeffersonin1801.
B) theFirstCongressoftheUnitedStatesin1789.
7) TheBillofRightswasadoptedprimarilyinresponseto
A) theSpanishInquisition.
B) Britishabusesofthecolonistsʹcivilliberties.
C) theabusescommittedbytheUnitedStatesContinentalArmyduringtheRevolutionary War.
D) thehorrorsoftheFrenchRevolution.E) ShaysʹRebellion.
B) Britishabusesofthecolonistsʹcivilliberties.
8) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheBillofRightsisFALSE?
A) TheBillofRightswaswrittenbytheFirstCongressoftheUnitedStates.
B) TheBillofRightsconsistsofthefirsttenamendmentstotheConstitution.
C) MoststateconstitutionsdidnothaveaBillofRightsatthetimeoftheConstitutional Convention.
D) ManystatesmadeadoptionofaBillofRightsaconditionofratificationofthe Constitution.
E) TheConstitutionof1787containednoBillofRights.
C) MoststateconstitutionsdidnothaveaBillofRightsatthetimeoftheConstitutional Convention.
9) Inthecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,theSupremeCourtruledthattheBillofRightsrestrainedonlythe nationalgovernment,notstatesandcities. A) Mirandav.Arizona B) Barronv.Baltimore C) NewYorkv.theUnitedStates D) Engelv.Vitale E) Gitlowv.NewYork
B) Barronv.Baltimore
10) Thegreatfreedomsofspeech,press,religion,andassemblyarecontainedinthe
A) First,Second,ThirdandFourthAmendments.
B) FourthAmendment.
C) SecondAmendment.
D) ThirdAmendment.
E) FirstAmendment.
E) FirstAmendment.
11) TheSupremeCourtdecisioninBarronv.Baltimore (1833)maintainedthattheBillofRights intendedtoprevent
A) boththenationalandstategovernmentsfromviolatingcivilrights.
B) citiesfromtakingprivatepropertywithoutdueprocess.
C) onlythenationalgovernmentfromabridgingcivilliberties.
D) thestatesfrominfringingonindividualrights.
E) theUnitedStatesgovernmentfromgrantingtitlesofroyalty.
C) onlythenationalgovernmentfromabridgingcivilliberties.
12) Today,________applytothestates.
A) alloftheBillofRightsexcepttheFirstAmendment
B) alloftheBillofRights
C) noneoftheBillofRights
D) fouramendmentsoftheBillofRights
E) allbutfiveprovisionsoramendmentsoftheBillofRights
E) allbutfiveprovisionsoramendmentsoftheBillofRights
13) Beginningwiththecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_in1925,theSupremeCourtbegantorulethattheBillof Rightsapplieddirectlytothestates,aswellastothenationalgovernment. A) UnitedStatesv.BillofRights B) Mirandav.Arizona C) Engelv.Vitale D) Barronv.Baltimore E) Gitlowv.NewYork
E) Gitlowv.NewYork
14) IndecidingtoincorporatepartsoftheBillofRightsintostatelawssince1925,theSupreme Courthasreliedonthedueprocessclauseofthe A) FirstAmendment. B) Twenty-sixthAmendment. C) FourteenthAmendment. D) FifthAmendment. E) EighteenthAmendment.
C) FourteenthAmendment
15) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_includestheclauseʺCongressshallmakenolawrespectinganestablishmentof religion.ʺ A) FifthAmendment B) FirstAmendment C) SecondAmendment D) ReligiousRightsAmendment E) FourteenthAmendment
B) FirstAmendment
16) Theincorporationdoctrineinvolves
A) applicationoftheBillofRightstothestates.
B) thegovernmentʹspowertoregulatecorporations.
C) theproceduresforcreatingacitygovernment.
D) theinterpretationofthecommerceclause.
E) theextensionofjudicialreviewtostatecourts.
A) applicationoftheBillofRightstothestates.
17) ThomasJeffersonarguedthattheFirstAmendmentcreatedaʺwallofseparationʺbetween
A) thegovernmentandthepeople.
B) theCongress,thepresident,andtheSupremeCourt.
C) thepeopleandtheSupremeCourt.
D) churchandstate.
E) menandwomen.
D) churchandstate.
18) UnlikeGreatBritainandmanyothernations,theUnitedStatesdoesnothavean\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ churchthatisofficiallysupportedbythegovernmentandrecognizedasanationalinstitution. A) ecclesiastical B) adjudicated C) imperial D) incorporated E) established
E) established
19) Today,________have(has)anestablishedchurchthatisofficiallysupportedbythe government.
A) theUnitedStates
B) nonation
C) GreatBritain
D) allnations
E) boththeUnitedStatesandGreatBritain
C) GreatBritain
20) InGitlowv.NewYork(1925),thedecisionthatstatescouldnotabridgethefreedomsof expressionprotectedbytheFirstAmendmentwasbasedonthe A) FifthAmendment. B) NewYorkStateConstitution. C) FourteenthAmendment. D) FirstAmendment. E) exclusionaryruleofthejudiciary.
C) FourteenthAmendment.
21) ThesignificanceofGitlowv.NewYork (1925)wasthat
A) aprovisionoftheBillofRightswasappliedtothestatesforthefirsttime.
B) thenationalgovernmentwaspreventedfromviolatingtheBillofRights.
C) astateconstitutionhadprecedenceovertheUnitedStatesConstitutionwithinthatstate.
D) theBillofRightswasinterpretedasrestrainingonlythenationalgovernmentandnot citiesorstates.
E) theU.S.Constitutionhasprecedenceoverthestateconstitutionwithinthestate.
A) aprovisionoftheBillofRightswasappliedtothestatesforthefirsttime.
22) Aidtoparochialschoolswasfirstpassedinthe1960sattherequestof A) RichardM.Nixon. B) JimmyCarter. C) JohnF.Kennedy. D) LyndonJohnson. E) BarryGoldwater.
D) LyndonJohnson.
23) InLemonv.Kurtzman,theSupremeCourtestablishedthataidtochurch-relatedschoolsmust doallofthefollowingEXCEPT
A) haveasecularpurpose.
B) inhibitreligion.
C) notadvancereligion.
D) notcreateexcessivegovernmententanglementwithreligion.
E) treatallreligionsequally.
B) inhibitreligion.
24) Theabridgmentofcitizensʹfreedomtoworship,ornottoworship,astheypleaseisprohibited bythe A) dueprocessclause. B) establishmentclause. C) freeexerciseclause. D) freedomofreligion. E) SecondAmendment.
C) freeexerciseclause.
25) IndealingwithFirstAmendmentcasesinvolvingreligion,theSupremeCourthasruledthat
A) theConstitutiondoesnotprotectanti-religiousbeliefsandpractices.
B) suchquestionsshouldberesolvedatthestateandlocallevelsofgovernment.
C) whileallreligiousbeliefsareconstitutionallyprotected,allreligiouspracticesarenot.
D) governmentmustnotinterferewithanyexpressionofreligiousfaith.
E) noneoftheabove
C) whileallreligiousbeliefsareconstitutionallyprotected,allreligiouspracticesarenot.
26) IntheLemonv.Kurtzmandecisionof1971,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) anyaidofanysorttochurch-relatedschoolsisnotconstitutional,becauseitviolates church-stateseparation.
B) aidtochurch-relatedschoolsisfullyconstitutional,andcanbeusedforanypurposes neededbytheschools.
C) spokenprayersinpublicschoolswereunconstitutional.
D) aidtochurch-relatedschoolsmustbeforsecularpurposesonly,andcannotbeusedto advanceorinhibitreligion.
E) devotionalBible-readinginpublicschoolswasunconstitutional.
D) aidtochurch-relatedschoolsmustbeforsecularpurposesonly,andcannotbeusedto advanceorinhibitreligion.
27) IntheEngelv.Vitalecaseof1962,theSupremeCourtruledthat________was(were) unconstitutional.
A) prayersdoneasclassroomexercisesinpublicschools
B) theConnecticutstatutebarringthedistributionofbirthcontrolinformation
C) segregation
D) priorrestraint
E) policesearchorseizurewithoutanauthorizedwarrant
A) prayersdoneasclassroomexercisesinpublicschools
28) TheSupremeCourthasinterpretedtheestablishmentclauseoftheFirstAmendmentas
A) groundsfordenyingfederalaidtochildrenattendingparochialschools.
B) merelypreventingtheestablishmentofanationalchurch.
C) prohibitingschool-organizedBible-readingandprayerinpublicschools
D) allowingnondenominationalschoolprayer.
E) alloftheabove
C) prohibitingschool-organizedBible-readingandprayerinpublicschools.
29) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutreligionandpoliticsisFALSE?
A) ManyschooldistrictshavesimplyignoredtheSupremeCourtʹsbanonschoolprayer andholdprayersintheirclassrooms
B) ThereligiousdiversityinAmericahasmadeitdifficulttoestablishonestatereligion suchasBritainhas.
C) TheSupremeCourthasneverpermittedtheclaimofreligiousfreedomtopermitevery sortofbehavior.
D) EffortsareunderwaytoamendtheConstitutiontopermitschoolprayer.
E) Inrecentyears,religiousissuesandcontroversieshavebecomelessvisibleinpolitical debate.
E) Inrecentyears,religiousissuesandcontroversieshavebecomelessvisibleinpolitical debate.
30) InLemonv.Kurtzman(1971),theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) statescanprohibitpornographydespitethefreedomofthepress.
B) aidtochurch-relatedschoolsmusthaveasecularlegislativepurpose.
C) religiousfreedomtakesprecedenceovercompulsoryeducationlaws.
D) anofficialprayeratapublic-schoolgraduationviolatedtheconstitutionalseparationof churchandstate.
E) voluntaryprayerinpublicschoolsisunconstitutional.
B) aidtochurch-relatedschoolsmusthaveasecularlegislativepurpose.
31) TheSupremeCourthasruledthatgovernmentaidtochurch-relatedschools
A) isacceptableforthingssuchasfieldtripsandteachersalaries,butnotfortextbooksor transportationtoschool.
B) ispermittedwhentheaidisforanon-religiouspurpose.
C) isacceptableiftheschoolisaffiliatedwithamajorreligionbutnotforsmall,fringe religioussects.
D) violatestheEstablishmentClause.
E) doesnotconstituteanestablishmentofreligion.
B) ispermittedwhentheaidisforanon-religiouspurpose.
32) Governmentaidtoreligiousschoolshasbeenamajorissue
A) sincetheCivilWar.
B) sincethecolonialera
C) sincethemid1960s.
D) sinceratificationoftheBillofRights.
E) sincethegrowthofthefundamentalistmovementinthe1980s.
C) sincethemid1960s.
33) WhichofthefollowingisNOTafreeexerciseissue?
A) animalsacrifice
B) religioususeofpeyote
C) teacherledprayersinpublicschools
D) whetherAmishchildrenmustgotoschool
E) noneoftheabove
C) teacherledprayersinpublicschools
34) In2005,theSupremeCourtfoundthattwoKentuckycountiesviolatedtheestablishment clauseoftheFirstAmendmentby
A) establishingEnglishastheʺofficialfirstlanguageoftheStateofKentucky.ʺ
B) bypostingtheTenCommandmentsasawayofpromotingreligion.
C) banningʺintelligentdesignʺfromthecurriculum
D) providinganʺinefficientʺsystemofpubliceducation.
E) requiringstudentstosaythePledgeofAllegiance.
C) banningʺintelligentdesignʺfromthecurriculum
35) Duringthe1980s,theSupremeCourt\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_thedisplayingofChristmasnativityscenesand Hanukkahmenorahsonpublicproperty. A) refusedtohearcaseschallenging B) firstpermittedandthenprohibited C) upheldtheconstitutionalityof D) declaredunconstitutional E) encouraged
C) upheldtheconstitutionalityof
36) Infreeexercisecases,theSupremeCourt
A) allowsthegovernmenttointerferewithreligiouspracticesaslongasitisnotspecifically aimedatreligion.
B) permitsthegovernmenttointerferewithreligiouspractices.
C) prohibitsprayerinpublicschoolsbutpermitsgovernmentaidtoreligiousschools.
D) prohibitsthegovernmentfrominterferingwithreligiouspractices.
E) neverallowsthegovernmenttointerferewithreligiouspractices.
A) allowsthegovernmenttointerferewithreligiouspracticesaslongasitisnotspecifically aimedatreligion.
37) Inregardtothefreeexerciseclause,theSupremeCourthasmadeeachofthefollowingrulings EXCEPT
A) polygamymaybejustifiedforMormonsonreligiousgrounds.
B) theAirForcecanenforceitsdresscodeevenagainstreligiouslybaseddresschoices.
C) Amishparentsmaytaketheirchildrenoutofschoolaftertheeighthgrade.
D) peoplecouldbecomeconscientiousobjectorstowaronreligiousgrounds.
E) publicschoolscannotrequireJehovahʹsWitnessestoattendflagsalutingceremonies.
A) polygamymaybejustifiedforMormonsonreligiousgrounds.
38) TheSupremeCourtruledthatfreedomofreligiouspracticewasmoreimportantthantheright ofthegovernmenttointerfereindecidinginfavorof
A) aMormonwhojustifiedpolygamyonreligiousgrounds.
B) therightofAmishparentsinWisconsintotaketheirchildrenoutofpublicschoolafter theeighthgrade.
C) therightofanorthodoxJewishAirForcecaptaintowearhisyarmulkedespitethestrict militarydresscode.
D) theLouisianalawrequiringschoolsthattaughtDarwiniantheorytoteachtheBibleʹs versionofcreationaswell.
E) ChristianScientistsʹreligiousoppositiontoscientificmedicaltreatmentforthemselvesor theirchildren.
B) therightofAmishparentsinWisconsintotaketheirchildrenoutofpublicschoolafter theeighthgrade.
39) Freedomofexpression
A) hassometimesbeenlimitedwhenitconflictswithotherrightsandvalues.
B) isprotectedbytheFourthandFifthAmendments.
C) isanabsoluterightprotectedbytheFirstAmendment.
D) includesfreedomofspeechandpress,butnotactions.
E) wouldnotprotectapoliticalrallytoattackanoppositioncandidateʹsstandonissues.
A) hassometimesbeenlimitedwhenitconflictswithotherrightsandvalues.
40) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfreedomofexpressionisFALSE?
A) Universitiescannotprohibitracial,religious,orsexualinsults.
B) ObscenityandlibelarenotprotectedbytheFirstAmendment.
C) PicketingisconsideredsymbolicspeechandreceivesFirstAmendmentprotection.
D) Governmentcanlimitexpressionmoreeasilythanitcanlimitaction.
E) Holdingapoliticalrallytoattackanoppositioncandidateʹsstandonimportantissues getsFirstAmendmentprotection.
D) Governmentcanlimitexpressionmoreeasilythanitcanlimitaction.
41) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_referstoagovernmentʹscensorshipofmaterialbeforeitispublished. A) Theexclusionaryrule B) Probablecause C) Equalprotection D) Priorrestraint E) Justcause
D) Priorrestraint
42) InwhatcasedidtheSupremeCourtrulethatanewspaper,nomatterhowoutrageousits opinions,mustbeallowedtopublishwithoutpriorrestraint? A) Wisconsinv.Yoder B) Mirandav.Arizona C) Nearv.Minnesota D) NewYorkTimesv.Sullivan E) Mappv.Ohio
C) Nearv.Minnesota
43) Theextentofanindividualʹsorgroupʹsfreedomfrompriorrestraintdependson
A) whetherthenationisatwar.
B) nothing-itisabsolute.
C) themoodsoftheSupremeCourtjustices.
D) whotheindividualorgroupis.
E) theConstitution.
D) whotheindividualorgroupis.
44) InitsNearv.Minnesotadecisionof1931,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) thestategovernmentcouldnotusepriorrestrainttoshutdownanoutspoken newspaper.
B) aschoolnewspaperwasnotapublicforumandcouldberegulatedʺinanyreasonable mannerʺbyschoolofficials.
C) stateshadthepowertousepriorrestraintbroadly,butthenationalgovernmentdidnot.
D) aCIAagentcouldnotpublishapersonalmemoirwithoutclearingitthroughtheagency.
E) stateswereprohibitedfrompublishingnewspapersbecausethatamountedto governmentcensorshipofthepressandconstitutedtheestablishmentofagovernment monopoly.
A) thestategovernmentcouldnotusepriorrestrainttoshutdownanoutspoken newspaper.
45) TheSupremeCourthaspermittedpriorrestraintofwhichofthefollowing?
A) highschoolnewspapers
B) compactdiscsby2LiveCrew
C) thePentagonPapers
D) anewspaperthatcalledlocalofficialsʺJewishgangstersʺ
E) Ithaspermittedpriorrestraintofallofthese.
A) highschoolnewspapers
46) ThePentagonPapersdealtwith
A) adocumentedhistoryofUnitedStatesinvolvementintheVietnamWarwhichthe governmentwantedkeptsecret.
B) adocumentedhistoryofUnitedStatesinvolvementintheKoreanWarwhichthe governmentwantedkeptsecret.
C) prisonersofwarfromWorldWarII.
D) secretagreementsbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheSovietUnion.
E) alloftheabove
A) adocumentedhistoryofUnitedStatesinvolvementintheVietnamWarwhichthe governmentwantedkeptsecret.
47) WhichofthefollowingelementsoftheBillofRightswasextendedtothestatesbythe SupremeCourtcaseofNearv.Minnesota? A) freedomofspeech B) freedomofthepress C) righttocounselinfelonycases D) grandjuryrequirement E) righttoprivacy
B) freedomofthepress
48) Timeandtimeagain,theSupremeCourthasprotectedfreedomofthepressby
A) rulinginfavorofstrictlibellaws.
B) strikingdownpriorrestraint.
C) refusingtoallowthesubpoenaofreporters.
D) relaxingdueprocessprocedures.
E) alloftheabove
B) strikingdownpriorrestraint.
49) ThecaseofNearv.Minnesota(1931)
A) ruledthatnewspaperscouldnotpublishsecretinformationthatthreatensnational security.
B) ruledthatstatescannotprohibitanimalsacrifice.
C) heldthatgovernmenthadillegallyissuedapriorrestraint.
D) identifiedanexceptiontotheConstitutionalguaranteesbarringgovernmentcensorship ofthepress.
E) upheldMinnesotaʹsrighttoclosedownanewspapermakingslanderousremarks.
C) heldthatgovernmenthadillegallyissuedapriorrestraint.
50) Priorrestraintismostoftenconsideredacceptableonthegroundsof A) libel. B) obscenity. C) nationalsecurity. D) cruelandunusualpunishment. E) religiousfreedom.
C) nationalsecurity.
51) InthecaseofDennisv.UnitedStates,theSupremeCourt
A) upheldthefederallawbanningtheNazipartyintheUnitedStatesandprohibitingits activities.
B) upheldtheconvictionsofCommunistpartyofficialswhohadbeensenttoprison becauseoftheirbeliefs.
C) overturnedtheconvictionsofCommunistpartyofficialswhohadbeensenttoprison becauseoftheirbeliefs.
D) ruledthatburningadraftcardwasnotcoveredunderfreespeech.
E) overturnedthefederallawagainstburningordesecratingtheAmericanflag,arguing thatitviolatedfreespeech.
B) upheldtheconvictionsofCommunistpartyofficialswhohadbeensenttoprison becauseoftheirbeliefs.
52) InthecaseofNewYorkTimesv.UnitedStates in1971,theSupremeCourtruled
A) againstpermittingracyadvertisementsformassageparlors,saunas,andescortservices whichcouldbedeemedobscene.
B) againstpriorrestraintinthecaseofthePentagonPapers,whichallowedthemtobe published.
C) thatthegovernmentcannotfilelibelsuitsagainstnewspapers,because,itwouldresultin governmentcensorship.
D) infavorofpermittingracyadvertisementsformassageparlors,saunas,andescort servicesasfreedomofspeech.
E) infavorofpriorrestraintinordertopreventpublicationofthePentagonPapers.
B) againstpriorrestraintinthecaseofthePentagonPapers,whichallowedthemtobe published.
53) InSchenckv.UnitedStates(1919),JusticeHolmessaidthatspeechcanberestrictedwhenit
A) isutteredbygovernmentofficialsinanefforttoestablishareligion.
B) provokesʺaclearandpresentdangerʺtopeople.
C) advocatestheviolentoverthrowoftheUnitedStates.
D) isspokenratherthannon-verbalorsymbolic.
E) isexpressedonprivateproperty.
B) provokesʺaclearandpresentdangerʺtopeople.
54) Constitutionalprotectionsoffreespeechare\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_onprivateproperty. A) completelyinvalidated B) fullyprotected C) diminished D) untested E) unchanged
C) diminished
55) Ashieldlaw
A) givesreporterstherighttowithholdinformationfromthecourts.
B) givesjudgestherighttoissueagagorder.
C) protectscertainreligiouspracticesnotcoveredbySupremeCourtrulings.
D) preventsthecourtsfromclosingcriminaltrialstothepress.
E) preventsreportersfromdisclosingsecretgovernmentinformation.
A) givesreporterstherighttowithholdinformationfromthecourts.
56) TheSupremeCourtruledinBranzburgv.Hayes (1972)thatintheabsenceofshieldlaws,
A) therightofafreetrialpreemptsthereporterʹsrighttoprotectsources.
B) thatnewspaperfilesareprotectedbytheFirstAmendment.
C) thatreportershavemorerightsthanothercitizens.
D) judgescanbarcamerasfromthecourtroom.
E) noneoftheabove
A) therightofafreetrialpreemptsthereporterʹsrighttoprotectsources.
57) InRothv.UnitedStates,theSupremeCourtheldthat
A) outdoordrive-inscouldnotbebarredfromshowingafilmwhichincludednudity.
B) thepossessionofchildpornographywasnotcoveredbyanyrighttofreespeechor press,andcouldbemadeacrime.
C) thegovernmentcannotprohibitdiscriminationagainstwomenpriestsbychurches becauseitwouldviolatethefreeexerciseofreligion.
D) obscenityisnotwithintheareaofconstitutionallyprotectedfreespeech.
E) thefilmCarnalKnowledge,whichhadcriticalacclaimbutasexualthemeandexplicit scenes,couldnotbebanned.
D) obscenityisnotwithintheareaofconstitutionallyprotectedfreespeech.
58) Theprinciplethatʺobscenityisnotwithintheareaofconstitutionallyprotectedspeechor pressʺwasestablishedin A) Rothv.UnitedStates. B) Osbornev.Ohio. C) Millerv.California. D) UnitedStatesv.Snepp. E) Ohiov.PussycatTheater.
pressʺwasestablishedinA) Rothv.UnitedStates.
59) Obscenityis
A) equatedwithnuditybytheSupremeCourt.
B) clearlydefinedasitpertainstobothfreedomofthepressandfreedomofspeech.
C) prohibitedintheFirstAmendment.
D) amatteroffederalstandardsratherthanstateorlocalstandards.
E) notprotectedundertheConstitution.
E) notprotectedundertheConstitution.
60) InZurcherv.StanfordDaily,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) theStanfordDailyhadcompletecontroloveritsphotographfiles.
B) theStanfordDailymustceasepublicationofmilitarystrategypapers.
C) theStanfordDailymustopenitsfilesforuseaspoliceevidence.
D) theStanfordDailymustdisclosethelocationofitsreporters.
E) theStanfordDailyiscontrolledbytheUniversitypresident,notstatelaws.
C) theStanfordDailymustopenitsfilesforuseaspoliceevidence.
61) In________,theCourtclarifieditsdoctrineofwhatwasobscene,includingsuchgaugesas whethermaterialappealedtomerelyaprurientinterestinsex,andwhetheritlackedserious artistic,literary,politicalorscientificmerit.
A) Osbornev.Ohio
B) Engelv.Vitale
C) Millerv.California
D) Nearv.Minnesota
E) FederalCommunicationsCommissionv.Stern
C) Millerv.California
62) InMillerv.California(1971),theCourtruledthatdecisionsregardingwhetherornotmaterial wasobsceneshouldgenerallybemadeby
A) Congress,throughstatutorylaw.
B) lowerfederaljudgesastheyseefit,butinconformancewiththeFirstAmendment.
C) localcommunities,withsomeguidelinesprovidedbytheCourtitselfabouthowtomake suchjudgments.
D) theSupremeCourtitself,onacase-by-casebasis.
E) individualpersonsintheirownprivatelives.
C) localcommunities,withsomeguidelinesprovidedbytheCourtitselfabouthowtomake suchjudgments.
63) Millerv.California(1973)A) achievedaworkabledefinitionoflegalobscenity.
B) abolishedpornographicmaterialonlywhenitinvolvedchildren.
C) resultedinuniformstatelawsregulatingobscenity.
D) statedthatlocalcommunitiesshouldhavemoreresponsibilityoverdecidingwhat constitutesobscenity.
E) prohibitedhangingasacruelandunusualpunishment.
D) statedthatlocalcommunitiesshouldhavemoreresponsibilityoverdecidingwhat constitutesobscenity.
64) TheCommunicationsDecencyActbanningobscenematerialandcriminalizingthe transmissionofindecentspeechorimagestoanyoneundertheageof18was
A) affirmedbytheCourt.
B) opposedbyChristiangroups.
C) overturnedbytheSupremeCourt.
D) thefirstregulationofobscenityaffirmedbytheCourt.
E) noneoftheabove
C) overturnedbytheSupremeCourt.
65) AttheurgingoffeministsandconservativeChristians,somecitieshavebannedpornography onthegroundsitdehumanizesandendangerswomen.Howhavethecourtsdealtwiththese bans?
A) TheyhaveupheldthembasedontheEqualProtectionClauseoftheFourteenth Amendment.
B) Theyhaverefusedtoreviewthem.
C) TheyhavestruckthemdownasviolationsoftheFirstAmendment.
D) TheyhaveupheldthembasedontheFirstAmendment.
E) Thecourtshavebeenerratic,allowingsomeordinancesandrevokingothers.
C) TheyhavestruckthemdownasviolationsoftheFirstAmendment.
66) InthecaseofNewYorkTimesv.Sullivan (1964),theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) governmentofficialscannotsuenewspapersforlibelsincethiswouldentailprior restraintofthepress.
B) thePentagonPaperscouldbelegallypublisheddespitethegovernmentʹsdesiretokeep thematerialsecret.
C) thepublicationofthePentagonPaperscouldbelegallybarredasamatterofnational security.
D) statementsmadeaboutpoliticalfigures,howevermalicious,canneverbedeemed libelous.
E) statementsmadeaboutpoliticalfiguresarelibelousonlyifmadewithmaliceand recklessdisregardforthetruth.
E) statementsmadeaboutpoliticalfiguresarelibelousonlyifmadewithmaliceand recklessdisregardforthetruth.
67) Thepublicationofstatementsknowntobefalsethataremaliciousandtendtodamagea personʹsreputationiscalled A) obscenity. B) symbolic. C) slander. D) libel. E) fraud.
D) libel.
68) WhathappenedwhenJacksonville,Florida,triedtobanmovieswithnudityinthemfrom beingshownatdrive-intheatersongroundsofobscenity?
A) TheCourtupheldthebantoprotectcitizensʹrightstoprivacy.
B) TheSupremeCourtruledthatallnuditycannotbedeemedobscene.
C) Thebanwasupheldtohelpthecommunityriditselfofapublicnuisanceandpotential traffichazard.
D) TheCourtruledthatX-ratedmovieswereprotectedundertheFirstAmendment.
E) ariot
) TheSupremeCourtruledthatallnuditycannotbedeemedobscene.
69) Theprinciplethatstatementsaboutpublicfiguresarelibelousonlyifmadewithmaliceand recklessdisregardforthetruthwasestablishedin A) Texasv.Johnson. B) NewYorkTimesv.Sullivan. C) Osbornev.Ohio. D) theAnti-DefamationActof1952. E) HustlerMagazinev.Falwell.
B) NewYorkTimesv.Sullivan.
70) WhichofthefollowingstatementsregardinglibelisFALSE?
A) Publicfiguresareprotectedagainstlibelsincepublicationsmustprovethatwhatthey wroteistrueandnotmalicious.
B) Libelcasesareverydifficultforpublicfigurestowin.
C) Libellawsdoinhibitthepresstosomeextent.
D) GeneralWilliamWestmorelandfailedtoprovelibel.
E) Itismoredifficultforapublicfigurethanaprivateindividualtowinalibelsuit.
A) Publicfiguresareprotectedagainstlibelsincepublicationsmustprovethatwhatthey wroteistrueandnotmalicious.
71) WearinganarmbandandburningaUnitedStatesflagareexamplesof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:actionsthat donotconsistofspeakingorwritingbutthatexpressanopinion. A) commercialspeech B) symbolicspeech C) obscenity D) thefreeexerciseclause E) unspokenspeech
B) symbolicspeech
72) Symbolicspeech
A) consistsofspeechcriticizingthesymbolsofgovernment.
B) cannotbeprohibitedbecauseitistoovagueforgovernmenttolegislateagainst.
C) hasbeenruledasdisruptiveandasacriminalactivity.
D) consistsofactionthatexpressesanopinion.
E) isprohibitedundertheFirstAmendment.
D) consistsofactionthatexpressesanopinion.
73) Advertisingisconsideredaformof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,and,accordingtothedecisionsoftheSupreme Court,issubjecttogreaterrestrictionsonfreespeechthanreligiousorpoliticalspeech. A) symbolicspeech B) paidspeech C) imagedexpression D) propaganda E) commercialspeech
E) commercialspeech
74) Commercialspeechonradioandtelevisionisregulatedby
A) stateandlocalgovernments.
B) nogovernmentagency,assuchwouldbeaviolationofthefreedomofspeech.
C) theFederalCommunicationsCommission.
D) theFederalTradeCommission.
E) theBureauofConsumerAffairs.
D) theFederalTradeCommission.
75) Oneofthemostregulatedformsofspeechis A) symbolicspeech. B) obscenity. C) libel. D) unintendedspeech. E) commercialspeech.
E) commercialspeech.
76) Thecontentandnatureofradioandtelevisionbroadcastingareregulatedby
A) thePublicBroadcastingSystem.
B) theFederalCommunicationsCommission.
C) theFederalTradeCommission.
D) theDepartmentofCommerce.
E) nogovernmentagency,asanysuchregulationwouldbeaviolationofthefreedomsof speechandthepress.
B) theFederalCommunicationsCommission.
77) WhichofthefollowingstatementsconcerningthepublicairwaysisFALSE?
A) TheFCCrestrictstheuseofobscenewordsonpublicairways.
B) Thesamerestrictionsthatapplytoradioandtelevisionalsoapplytonewspapers.
C) Abouttwo-thirdsofAmericanhomeshavecableTV.
D) Cabletelevisionhasfewerrestrictionsplacedonthemthanthepublicairways.
E) TheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)regulatesradioandtelevision broadcasting.
B) Thesamerestrictionsthatapplytoradioandtelevisionalsoapplytonewspapers.
78) In2000,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) governmenthadalegitimateinterestinprotectingsexuallyexplicitmaterialoncable stations.
B) governmenthadnorighttoregulatesexuallyexplicitmaterialoncablestations.
C) governmenthadalegitimateinterestinprohibitingsexuallyexplicitmaterialoncable stations.
D) governmentregulationofsexuallyexplicitmaterialoncablestationsmustbenarrowly tailoredtopromotethegovernmentʹsinterestinprotectingchildren.
E) governmenthadalegitimateinterestinprotectingsexuallyexplicitprintmaterial.
D) governmentregulationofsexuallyexplicitmaterialoncablestationsmustbenarrowly tailoredtopromotethegovernmentʹsinterestinprotectingchildren.
79) Thecontent,nature,andexistenceofradioandtelevisionbroadcastingisregulatedby
A) theNationalBroadcastingBoard.
B) thestates.
C) Congress.
D) theFederalCommunicationsCommission.
E) noone,becausetodosowouldviolatethefreedomofthepressasappliedto broadcasters.
D) theFederalCommunicationsCommission.
80) FreedomofassemblyincludestherighttodoallofthefollowingEXCEPT A) riot. B) parade. C) protest. D) picket. E) demonstrate.
A) riot.
81) Inthecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,theSupremeCourtruledthatrequiringanorganizationtoturnover itsmembershiplistswasanunconstitutionalrestrictiononfreedomofassociation. A) PlannedParenthoodv.Casey B) NAACPv.Alabama C) Nearv.Minnesota D) Mappv.Ohio E) UnitedStatesv.CommunistParty
B) NAACPv.Alabama
82) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutfreedomofassemblyisFALSE?
A) Freedomofassemblyisoftenneglectedalongsidethegreatfreedomsofspeech,press, andreligion.
B) Withoutfreedomofassemblywewouldnothavetherighttoformpoliticalpartiesor interestgroups.
C) Freedomofassemblyincludestherighttoassembleandtherighttoassociate.
D) NazishavetheconstitutionalrighttomarchthroughaheavilyJewishcommunity.
E) Freedomofassemblyallowsgroupstodemonstrateatanytime,atanyplace,orinany mannertheywish.
E) Freedomofassemblyallowsgroupstodemonstrateatanytime,atanyplace,orinany mannertheywish.
83) InthecaseofNAACPv.Alabama(1958),theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) Alabamacouldnotrequiresegregatedschools.
B) theFirstAmendmentʹsfreedomofassemblydoesnotincludefreedomofassociation.
C) thestateofAlabamawasunlawfullyrestrictingtheNAACPʹsfreedomofassociation.
D) picketinginresidentialneighborhoodscanberestricted.
E) theNAACPhadtoturnoveritsmembershiplisttothegovernment.
C) thestateofAlabamawasunlawfullyrestrictingtheNAACPʹsfreedomofassociation.
84) InthecaseoftheNazisʹproposed1977marchonSkokie,asuburbnorthofChicagowithmany HolocaustsurvivorswhichhaddeniedtheNazisapermittomarch,theSupremeCourt,ayear afterthefact,letstandalowercourtrulingthat
A) communitieshavetherighttoimposelocalstandardsontherighttomarch.
B) NazisandCommunistsareamongaselectlistofgroupsthatbecauseoftheir anti-democraticnaturearenotprotectedbytheFirstAmendment.
C) theNaziscouldonlymarchiftheypubliclyrepudiatedthemurderousactionsofthe NazisbeforeandduringWWII.
D) certaingroupsaresopredisposedtoviolencethattheirfreedomofassemblyisnot guaranteed.
E) nocommunitycoulduseitspowertograntparadepermitstostiflefreeexpressionor freedomofassembly.
E) nocommunitycoulduseitspowertograntparadepermitstostiflefreeexpressionor freedomofassembly.
85) MostofthewordingoftheBillofRightsconcerns
A) therightsofpeopleaccusedofcrimes.
B) therighttobeararms.
C) freedomofreligionandtheestablishmentclause.
D) freedomofspeechandfreedomofthepress.
E) freedomsofexpression.
A) therightsofpeopleaccusedofcrimes.
86) TherightsofaccusedpersonsincludedintheBillofRightswereoriginallyintendedtoprotect theaccusedin A) federalcivilcases. B) federalcriminalcases. C) localcivilandcriminalcases. D) politicalarrestsandtrials. E) policecustody.
D) politicalarrestsandtrials.
87) WhichofthefollowingisanaccuratestatementabouttheBillofRightsanditsrelevancetothe stagesofthecriminaljusticesystem?
A) Therightsofaccusedpersonsareprotecteduptothepointofactualarrest.
B) Therightsofaccusedpersonsareprotecteduptothepointofbeingconvictedofacrime.
C) TheBillofRightsdoesnotapplytoaccusedcriminals.
D) Therightsofaccusedpersonsareprotecteduptothepointofthetrialitself.
E) Therightsofaccusedpersonsandconvictedcriminalsareguaranteedateverystage, fromgatheringofevidencetotheimpositionofpunishment.
E) Therightsofaccusedpersonsandconvictedcriminalsareguarant
88) Unreasonablesearchesandseizuresarespecificallyforbiddeninthe A) SixteenthAmendment. B) FifthAmendment. C) SecondAmendment. D) TenthAmendment. E) FourthAmendment.
E) FourthAmendment.
89) Topreventabuseofpolicepower,theConstitutionrequiresthatnocourtmayissue\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ unlessprobablecauseexiststobelievethatacrimehasoccurredorisabouttooccur. A) awritofhabeascorpus B) apriorrestraint C) anexclusionaryrule D) asearchwarrant E) anyoftheabove
D) asearchwarrant
90) Viewingthestagesofthecriminaljusticesystemasaseriesoffunnelsofdecreasingsizetells usthat
A) mostarrestsresultinatrial.
B) mosttrialsresultinaguiltyverdict.
C) manymoretrialsareheldthanprosecutions.
D) thelikelihoodofbeingpunisheddecreasesasonemovesthroughthesystem.
E) manymorearrestsoccurthantrials.
E) manymorearrestsoccurthantrials.
91) Unlesstheywitnessacrime,policeofficerscannotarrestasuspectwithout
A) dueprocess.
B) asearchwarrant.
C) informingthemoftheirMirandarights.
D) probablecause.
E) awritofhabeascorpus.
D) probablecause.
92) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheBillofRightsandtherightsoftheaccusedis FALSE?
A) ThegreatmajorityofthewordsintheBillofRightsdealwiththerightsoftheaccused ratherthanfreedomsofexpression.
B) TheBillofRightscoverseverystageofthecriminaljusticesystem.
C) ThelanguageoftheBillofRightsregardingtherightsoftheaccusedisoftenvague.
D) Defendantsʹrightsarewell-definedintheBillofRights.
E) Mostdefendantsʹrights,asprovidedintheBillofRights,havebeenincorporatedbythe states.
D) Defendantsʹrightsarewell-definedintheBillofRights.
93) Inthecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,theSupremeCourtruledthattheprotectionagainstunreasonable searchandseizureappliedtothestateandlocalgovernments,aswellasthenational government,thusnationalizingtheexclusionaryrule. A) Mirandav.Arizona B) Gideonv.Wainwright C) Rothv.UnitedStates D) UnitedStatesv.NewYork E) Mappv.Ohio
E) Mappv.Ohio
94) Eversince1914,thecourtshaveused\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_topreventillegallyseizedevidencefrombeing introducedintothecourtroom. A) priorrestraint B) theMirandarule C) probablecause D) searchwarrants E) anexclusionaryrule
E) anexclusionaryrule
95) Theexclusionaryrule,whichwasappliedtostategovernments,aswellasthefederal governmentinMappv.Ohio(1961),meantthat
A) federalagentsmaymakearrestsforstatecrimes.
B) stategovernmentsareexcludedfromprosecutingfederalcrimes.
C) searchesbypolicecouldnotbemadewithoutalegalsearchwarrant.
D) probablecausemustbeestablishedpriortoarrest.
E) unlawfullyobtainedevidencecouldnotbeusedincourt.
E) unlawfullyobtainedevidencecouldnotbeusedincourt.
96) TheFifthAmendmentforbids A) cruelandunusualpunishment. B) forcedself-incrimination. C) illegalsearchesandseizures. D) thegovernmentestablishmentofanationalreligion. E) alloftheaboveexceptD
B) forcedself-incrimination.
97) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Amendmentforbidsforcedself-incrimination,statingthatnopersonʺshallbe compelledtobeawitnessagainsthimself.ʺ A) First B) Twenty-sixth C) Fifth D) Fourth E) Ninth
C) Fifth
98) InthecaseofMirandav.Arizona,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) illegallyobtainedevidencecannotbeusedinatrial.
B) police must inform any suspect of a series of rights, including the constitutional right to remain silent.
C) thedeathpenaltycouldbeimposedforthemostextremeofcrimes.
D) defendantsinallfelonycaseshavearighttocounsel,evenifthestatehastoprovide suchlegalassistance.
E) thepolicemustshowprobablecausebeforemakinganarrest.
B) police must inform any suspect of a series of rights, including the constitutional right to remain silent.
99) InwhatcasedidtheSupremeCourtrulethatsuspectsmustbetoldoftheirconstitutional rightstoremainsilent,thatwhattheysaycanbeusedagainstthem,andoftheirrighttohave anattorneypresentduringanyquestioning? A) Gideonv.Wainwright B) Nearv.Minnesota C) Plucennikv.UnitedStates D) Mirandav.Arizona E) Mappv.Ohio
D) Miranda v. Arizona
100) WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheSupremeCourtʹsdecisioninMirandav.Arizona?
A) Mirandaʹsinnocenceorguiltwasnotatissue;hisrightshadbeenviolated,sohis convictionwasoverturned.
B) TheCourtʹsdecisiongreatlyrelievedmembersofpolicedepartmentsthroughoutthe country.
C) TheCourtruledthatMirandawasinnocent,andMirandalaterbecameafamouspublic defenderinthelocalcourts.
D) TheCourtruledthatMirandaʹsconstitutionalrightshadnotbeenviolatedandthathe couldbelegallyexecuted.
E) TheCourtconcludedthatMirandawasinnocent,overturnedhisconviction,andordered himfreedfromprison.
A) Mirandaʹs innocence or guilt was not at issue; his rights had been violated, so his conviction was overturned.
101) FifthAmendmentprotectionagainstself-incriminationmeansthat
A) youhavearighttoconfrontwitnessesagainstyou.
B) youcanbegrantedimmunityfromprosecutioninexchangeforyourtestimony.
C) asadefendantyouhavearighttocounsel.
D) youcannotbeforcedtobeawitnessagainstyourself.
E) policeofficersmayusewhateverforceisnecessarytoprotectthemselvesfromharmin arrestsituations.
D) youcannotbeforcedtobeawitnessagainstyourself.
102) FifthAmendmentrightswereexpandedtoincludeguidelinesforpoliceinterrogation proceduresinthefamouscaseof A) Californiav.Simpson. B) Dennisv.UnitedStates. C) Gideonv.Wainwright. D) Mirandav.Arizona. E) Mappv.Ohio.
D) Mirandav.Arizona.
103) TheMirandaRule
A) hasbeenstrengthenedbytheCourtinrecentyears.
B) wasopenlywelcomedbypolicedepartmentsthroughoutthecountry.
C) hasmadepoliceinterrogationseasier.
D) wasbasedontheprobablecauseclauseoftheFourthAmendment.
E) hasrequiredallpoliceofficerstoinformaccusedpersonsoftheirrights.
E) has required all police officers to inform accused persons of their rights.
104) Today,courtsmustprovidealawyerforadefendant
A) wheneverimprisonmentcouldbeimposed.
B) onlyinfelonycasesorwherecivilfinesexceeding$10,000couldbelevied.
C) whenevertheypleadnotguilty.
D) onlyincapitalcaseswherethepunishmentwouldbeexecution.
E) immediatelyafterbeingarrested.
A) wheneverimprisonmentcouldbeimposed.
105) Inthe1963caseof________,theSupremeCourtruledthatdefendantsinallfelonycaseshada righttocounsel,andiftheycouldnotaffordtohirealawyer,onemustbeprovided.
A) Mappv.Ohio
B) Engelv.Vitale
C) Gideonv.Wainwright
D) Mirandav.Arizona
E) NationalBarAssociationv.UnitedStates
C) Gideonv.Wainwright
106) AccordingtotheConstitutionandtheBillofRights,howmanymembersshouldtherebeona jury?
A) aminimumofsix
B) aminimumoftwelve
C) betweensixandtwelve
D) amaximumoftwelve
E) nospecificationsaremadeastojurysize
E) nospecificationsaremadeastojurysize
107) Mostcriminalcasesaresettledin A) theSupremeCourt. B) pleabargaining. C) municipalandcountycourts. D) districtcourt. E) thejuryroom.
B) plea bargaining.
108) TheSupremeCourtcaseofGideonv.Wainwright
A) extendedtherighttocounseltoeveryoneaccusedofafelony.
B) prohibitedgovernmentofficialsfromissuinggagorderstothemedia.
C) ruledthatillegallyseizedevidencecannotbeusedincourt.
D) gaveonlythoseaccusedofcapitalcrimestherighttocounsel.
E) setguidelinesforpolicequestioningofsuspects.
A) extended the right to counsel to everyone accused of a felony.
109) TheSixthAmendmentrighttocounselinfederalcourtswasexpandedinthefamous1963 SupremeCourtcaseof A) Greggv.Georgia. B) Gideonv.Wainwright. C) Arizonav.theUnitedStates. D) Mappv.Ohio. E) Mirandav.Arizona.
B) Gideon v. Wainwright.
110) Mostcasesaresettledthrough A) pleabargaining. B) paupersʹpetitions. C) judicialtribunals. D) trialbyajudge. E) trialbyjury.
A) plea bargaining.
111) TheEighthAmendmenttotheConstitution
A) isthefreedomofprivacy.
B) forbidscruelandunusualpunishment.
C) istherighttobeararms.
D) grantswomenequalrightsincludingtherighttovote.
E) protectsfreedomofassembly.
B) forbids cruel and unusual punishment.
112) WhatwastheSupremeCourtʹsdecisioninHamdamv.Rumsfeld?
A) TerroristsarenotentitledtoprotectionbytheBillofRights.
B) TheproceduresfortryingprisonersatGuantanamoBay,Cubawereinsufficientfor ensuringafairtrial.
C) TheGenevaConventiondoesnotapplybecausetheʺenemycombatantsʺarenotsoldiers inarecognizedarmy.
D) Thepresidenthasʺinherentpowerʺtofightthewaronterrorasheseesfit.Therefore,the presidentcanestablishjudicialproceduresonhisown.
E) alloftheabove
B) The procedures for trying prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba were insufficient for ensuring a fair trial.
113) Cruelandunusualpunishmentisforbiddenbythe A) self-incriminationclause. B) SixthAmendment. C) EighthAmendment. D) exclusionaryclause. E) FifthAmendment.
C) Eighth Amendment.
114) Therighttoaʺspeedytrialʺandtheprohibitionagainstʺcruelandunusualpunishmentʺ
A) areincludedintheBillofRights,butarerathervagueandsubjecttotheinterpretationof thecourtsthemselves.
B) aresoimportantthattheywereamongthefewcivillibertiesactuallyguaranteedbythe originalconstitution.
C) arenotguaranteedbytheBillofRightsbut,howevervagueintheirwording,are consideredvitaltoourcourtsystem.
D) wereruledunconstitutionalin1976becausetheyweresoill-definedastobe meaningless.
E) areincludedintheBillofRights,areself-evident,andhavenotrequiredmuchcourt interpretation.
A) are included in the Bill of Rights, but are rather vague and subject to the interpretation of the courts themselves.
115) InGreggv.Georgia(1976),concerningapplicationsoftheEighthAmendment,theSupreme Courtruledthat
A) onlythefederalgovernment,andnotthestates,canimposethedeathpenalty.
B) executionbyelectrocutioniscruelandunusualpunishment.
C) Georgiaʹsdeathpenaltylawwasʺfreakishʺandʺrandom.ʺ
D) capitalpunishmentisanextremesanction,butitissuitabletothemostextremeof crimes.
E) thedeathpenaltyconstitutescruelandunusualpunishment.
D) capitalpunishmentisanextremesanction,butitissuitabletothemostextremeof crimes.
116) WhichofthefollowingisNOTprotectedintheFirstAmendment?
A) righttoprivacy
B) rightofpeopletopetitionthegovernmentforaredressofgrievances
C) noestablishmentofreligion
D) freedomofspeech
E) freedomofthepress
A) righttoprivacy
117) WhereistherighttoprivacyfoundintheConstitution? A) TenthAmendment B) FirstAmendment C) SixthAmendment D) NinthAmendment E) noneoftheabove
E) none of the above
118) WhichofthefollowingisNOTspecificallystatedintheBillofRights? A) righttoprivacy B) protectionagainstdoublejeopardy C) righttobeararms D) freedomofspeech E) Allofthesearespecificallystated.
A) right to privacy
119) InRoev.Wade,theSupremeCourtruledthatinthethirdtrimesterofpregnancy
A) statescanbanabortionexceptwhenthemotherʹshealthisindanger.
B) statesareprohibitedfromfundingtheabortionsofpoorwomen.
C) statescannotbanabortionunlessthemotherʹslifeisindanger.
D) statescannotbanabortion.
E) thefederalgovernment,butnotthestates,isprohibitedfromfundingabortionsforpoor women.
A) states can ban abortion except when the motherʹs health is in danger.
120) TheSupremeCourtʹsRoev.Wade decisionwasissuedin A) 1979. B) 1954. C) 1973. D) 1991. E) 1985.
C) 1973.
121) TheSupremeCourtruledinitsRoev.Wade decisionthat
A) eachstateandnotthefederalgovernmenthasauthoritytodeterminewhethertopermit orprohibitabortioninthatstate.
B) allrestrictionsonabortionsatanystageofapregnancywereaviolationofawomanʹs righttoprivacy.
C) abortionwasmurder.
D) abortionwastobeallowedonlyincasesofrapeorincest,orwhenthelifeofthe pregnantwomanwasindanger
E) abortioncouldnotbeprohibitedbyanystateduringthefirsttrimesterofpregnancy.
E) abortion could not be prohibited by any state during the first trimester of pregnancy.
122) SinceitsRoev.Wadedecision,theSupremeCourthas
A) generallymovedtoallowstatesmoreroomtoregulateabortions(e.g.,waitingperiods) thanwastrueinRoe.
B) notmovedaninchfromitsdramaticoriginalruling.
C) greatlyextendedtherightofawomantomakeherowndecisionaboutterminatingher pregnancy.
D) reverseditselfwithinthelastfewyears,andhasnowoverturnedtheRoedecision.
E) beensilentonthepoliticallydivisiveissueofabortion.
A) generally moved to allow states more room to regulate abortions (e.g., waiting periods) than was true in Roe.
123) TheideathattheConstitutionguaranteesarighttoprivacywasfirstenunciatedin
A) Griswoldv.Connecticut.
B) Marburyv.Madison.
C) Roev.Wade.
D) Websterv.ReproductiveHealthServices.
E) PlannedParenthoodv.Casey.
A) Griswold v. Connecticut.
124) TherighttoprivacywasappliedtothestatesbytheSupremeCourtcaseof
A) Gitlowv.NewYork.
B) Gitlow,Near&Mappv.theStates.
C) Mappv.Ohio.
D) Nearv.Minnesota.
E) Griswoldv.Connecticut.
E) Griswold v. Connecticut.
125) Themostimportantapplicationofprivacyrightshascomeintheareaof A) abortion. B) birthcontrol. C) sexualpreference. D) pornography. E) thedeathpenalty.
A) abortion.
126) TheSupremeCourtcaseofRoev.Wade (1973)ruledthat
A) abortionsarenotprotectedundertheConstitution.
B) astatecannotforbidabortionsduringthefirsttrimesterofpregnancy.
C) astatecannotregulateabortionsunderanycircumstances.
D) familyplanningservicescannotprovidewomenanyabortioncounseling.
E) statesmustpermitabortionsondemandduringallninemonthsofpregnancy.
B) a state cannot forbid abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy.
127) TheabortiondecisioninRoev.Wade (1973)wasjustifiedbytheSupremeCourtlargelyonthe groundsof
A) thefreedomofreligionclauseoftheFirstAmendment.
B) thefreeexerciseclauseoftheFirstAmendment.
C) therightofprivacyimpliedintheBillofRights.
D) ourconstitutionalrighttolife.
E) newadvancesinmedicaltechnology.
C) the right of privacy implied in the Bill of Rights.
128) Inthe1992caseofPlannedParenthoodv.Casey,theSupremeCourtruledthatabortion
A) couldbecompletelyoutlawedbyindividualstates.
B) mustbefundedbystategovernmentswhenthemothercannotaffordit,oritwouldbea violationoftheEqualProtectionClause.
C) restrictionscouldbeimposedbystatesiftheydidnotinvolveʺundueburdensʺonthe womenseekingabortions.
D) fundingbyanylevelofgovernmentwasunconstitutional.
E) wasafundamentalright,andanyrestrictionsonsucharighthadtobejudgedbya ʺstrictscrutiny.ʺ
C) restrictions could be imposed by states if they did not involve ʺundue burdensʺ on the women seeking abortions.
129) Inrecentyears,theSupremeCourthas
A) increasedprotectionofwomenʹsphysicalaccesstoabortionclinics.
B) restrictedwomenʹsphysicalaccesstoabortionclinics.
C) permittedstatestoclosedownincreasingnumbersofabortionclinics.
D) prohibiteddemonstrationswithinsightofabortionclinics.
E) donenothingtoprotectwomenʹsphysicalaccesstoabortionclinicsdespitethecallsof manywomenʹsgroups.
A) increased protection of womenʹs physical access to abortion clinics.
130) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheSupremeCourtandabortionisFALSE?
A) TheSupremeCourthasforbiddenanystateregulationofabortionduringthefirst trimester.
B) TheSupremeCourtupheldastatelawrequiringteenagerstosecuretheconsentofat leastoneparentbeforeobtaininganabortion.
C) TheCourtpermitsstatestorequirea24-hourwaitingperiodbeforegettinganabortion.
D) TheCourtallowsstatestorequireawomantogiveherhusbandadvancenoticeofan abortion.
E) TheSupremeCourtpermitsstatestoforbidtheuseofanystatefundstopayfor abortions.
D) TheCourtallowsstatestorequireawomantogiveherhusbandadvancenoticeofan abortion.
131) Civilliberties A) reflectthewishesofthemajority. B) neverconflictwitheachother. C) makegovernmentlessdemocratic. D) limitwhatthemajoritycanaskthegovernmenttodo. E) wereestablishedinthe1960s.
D) limit what the majority can ask the government to do.
132) Civillibertiesrelatingtodefendantsʹrightshaveoftenbeenusedto A) breakupfactions. B) enhancethepowerofthecourts C) enhancediversity. D) protectindividualrights. E) gainapleabargain.
D) protectindividualrights.
133) InPlannedParenthoodv.Casey,theSupremeCourt
A) struckdownalawrequiringminorstonotifyoneorbothparentsorajudgebefore obtaininganabortion.
B) changeditsstandardforevaluatingrestrictionsonabortionfromoneofʺstrictscrutinyʺ ofanyrestraintsonaʺfundamentalrightʺtooneofʺundueburdenʺthatpermitsmore regulation.
C) specifiedthatfamilyplanningservicesreceivingfederalfundscouldnotprovidewomen anycounselingregardingabortion.
D) affirmedaprovisionrequiringamarriedwomantotellherhusbandofherintenttohave anabortion.
E) madeabortionsforminorsillegal.
B) changed its standard for evaluating restrictions on abortion from one of ʺstrict scrutinyʺ of any restraints on a ʺfundamental rightʺ to one of ʺundue burdenʺ that permits more regulation.
1) Policiesthatextendbasicrightstogroupshistoricallysubjecttodiscriminationareknownas A) civilrights. B) civilliberties. C) humanrights. D) suffrage. E) affirmativeaction
A) civil rights.
2) Civilrights
A) istheothertermforcivilliberties.
B) arepoliciesthatextendbasicrightstogroupshistoricallysubjecttodiscrimination.
C) involvetheprinciplesofcriminaljustice.
D) consistoflegalandconstitutionalprotectionsagainstthegovernment.
E) canbedividedintothegreatpoliticalfreedomsandprotectionsatthebarofjustice.
B) are policies that extend basic rights to groups historically subject to discrimination.
3) Thephraseʺallmenarecreatedequalʺcomesfromthe A) BillofRights. B) Constitution. C) famouspamphlet,CommonSense. D) DeclarationofIndependence. E) Bible.
D) Declaration of Independence.
4) Theconceptthateveryoneshouldhavethesamechanceiscalledequalityof A) distribution. B) fate. C) rewards. D) results. E) opportunity.
E) opportunity.
5) Americansocietygenerallyemphasizesequal A) payforequalwork. B) results. C) rewards. D) distribution. E) opportunity.
E) opportunity.
6) WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A) TheAmericanRevolutionwasfoughtprincipallyinthenameofequality.
B) ThedelegatestotheConstitutionalConventiondidnotresolvethetensionbetween slaveryandtheprinciplesoftheDeclarationofIndependence.
C) WomenʹsrightswerehotlydebatedattheConstitutionalConvention.
D) Mostcolonistswereeagertodefendslavery.
E) alloftheabove
B) The delegates to the Constitutional Convention did not resolve the tension between slavery and the principles of the Declaration of Independence.
7) ThomasJefferson,whowroteintheDeclarationofIndependenceʺWeholdthesetruthstobe selfevident,thatallmenarecreatedequal,ʺbelieved
A) thatslaverywasimmoral.
B) intheprincipleofequalrewards.
C) thatblacksweregeneticallyinferiortowhites.
D) thattherewerenodifferencesamonghumanbeings.
E) thatallpeoplearecreatedequalatbirth,butbecomeunequalovertime.
C) that blacks were genetically inferior to whites.
8) TheFourteenthAmendmentwasoneofthreepassed
A) duringthe1960s.
B) directlyfollowingtheCivilWar.
C) duringGeorgeWashingtonʹsadministration.
D) duringtheDepressionofthe1930s.
E) rightaftertheRevolutionaryWar.
B) directly following the Civil War.
9) TheFourteenthAmendmentspecificallyforbidsthestatesfromdenyingtoanyone
A) freedomonthebasisofrace.
B) freedomofprivacy.
C) therighttovoteonthebasisofrace.
D) equalprotectionofthelaws.
E) therighttovoteonthebasisofsex.
D) equalprotectionofthelaws.
10) ThefirstandonlyplaceinwhichtheideaofequalityappearsintheConstitutionisinthe A) FourteenthAmendment. B) NinthAmendment. C) Preamble. D) FirstAmendment. E) DeclarationofIndependence.
A) Fourteenth Amendment.
11) TheconceptofequalitybeforethelawwasintroducedtotheConstitutioninthe A) FourteenthAmendment. B) Preamble. C) FifteenthAmendment. D) SixteenthAmendment. E) ThirteenthAmendment.
A) Fourteenth Amendment.
12) Overthelast100years,theprovisionsoftheFourteenthAmendmenthavebecomethevehicle for A) extendingtherighttovotetonon-whites,women,and18-year-olds.
B) expansiveconstitutionalinterpretationtooutlawarbitraryclassificationswhichdeny equalityunderthelaw.
C) limitingthenationalgovernmentʹsabilitytointerfereinmattersaffectingindividual states.
D) governmentregulationofbusinessandindustry.
E) alloftheabove
B) expansive constitutional interpretation to outlaw arbitrary classifications which deny equality under the law.
13) StandardsofreviewusedbytheSupremeCourtindiscriminationcasesincludeallofthe followingEXCEPT
A) inherentlysuspect.
B) morethanreasonable.
C) reasonable.
D) intermediate,betweenreasonableandinherentlysuspect.
E) cautious.
B) more than reasonable.
14) Thecourtshaverecentlyruledthat,undertheFourteenthAmendment,racialandethnic classificationsbystatesinregardtoanymatter
A) arereasonable.
B) areunconstitutional.
C) areinherentlysuspect.
D) arenottheproperbusinessofthefederalcourtstoconsider,butareuptothestates individually.
E) arearbitrary,butusuallyreasonable.
C) are inherently suspect.
15) ClassificationsbyraceandethnicityhavenowbeenruledbytheCourttobeacceptableonlyin
A) matterswhereincertainracesorethnicgroupsshowgreatertalentorlessaptitude.
B) lawspassedbyCongress,notthosepassedbytheindividualstates.
C) regardtorulesandregulationsofthearmedforces.
D) lawsseekingtoremedypreviousdiscrimination.
E) mattersinvolvingnationalsecurity.
D) laws seeking to remedy previous discrimination.
16) Equalprotectionofthelaws
A) meansthatlawscannotestablishdifferentstandardsforthetreatmentofdifferent groups.
B) isguaranteedintheoriginalConstitution.
C) meansthatstateshavetomaketheirlawspromoteequalityamongpersons.
D) providesarigidstandardforconstitutionalinterpretation.
E) doesnotdenystatestreatingclassesofcitizensdifferentlyiftheclassificationis reasonable.
E) does not deny states treating classes of citizens differently if the classification is reasonable.
17) TheSupremeCourthasruledthatracialandethnicclassificationsare
A) legaliftheyarereasonable.
B) notcoveredbytheFourteenthAmendment.
C) inherentlysuspect.
D) neverpermissible.
E) exemptfromtheconstitutionalpenumbrasoftheBillofRights.
C) inherently suspect.
18) Classificationsbasedongenderhavebeenruledtobe________bythedecisionsoftheCourt inthepastseveralyears.
A) reasonable
B) strictlyunconstitutional
C) sexist
D) inherentlysuspect
E) somewherebetweeninherentlysuspectandreasonable
E) somewhere between inherently suspect and reasonable
19) ThefirstAfricanimmigrantstoAmericawere A) clergy. B) smallshopkeepers. C) kidnapvictims. D) farmers. E) Nigerianivorytraders.
C) kidnap victims.
20) Todaytheequalprotectionclauseisinterpretedbroadlyenoughtodoallofthefollowing EXCEPT
A) reapportionstatelegislatures.
B) prohibitjobdiscrimination.
C) permitsexualharassment.
D) forbidracialsegregationinthepublicschools.
E) noneoftheabove
C) permit sexual harassment.
21) Inthecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,theSupremeCourtruledthatablackman,slaveorfree,wasʺchattelʺ andhadnorightsunderawhitemanʹsgovernment;italsoruledthatCongresshadnopower tobanslaveryinthewesternterritories. A) Plessyv.Ferguson B) Craigv.Boren C) DredScottv.Sandford D) Brownv.BoardofEducation E) Amosv.Colorado
C) Dred Scott v. Sandford
22) InthecaseofDredScottv.Sandford,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourt
A) votedunanimouslytodeclareslaveryunconstitutionalandʺbarbaric,ʺthuscausingthe southernstatestosecede. B) ruledthatalladultAfrican-AmericanmenhadarighttovoteundertheConstitution.
C) outlawedsegregationlawswhichseparatedblacksandwhitesinallpublicplaces.
D) ruledthatablackman,slaveorfree,wasʺchattel,ʺandupheldslaveryitselfas constitutional.
E) forthefirsttimeplacedageographiclimitontheexpansionofslavery,banningitwestof theMississippiRiver.
D) ruled that a black man, slave or free, was ʺchattel,ʺ and upheld slavery itself as constitutional.
23) TheDredScottv.SandfordrulingwashandeddownbytheSupremeCourt A) afewyearsaftertheCivilWar. B) in1896. C) duringtheCivilWar. D) inthe1950s. E) afewyearspriortotheCivilWar.
E) a few years prior to the Civil War.
24) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_AmendmentoutlawedslaveryintheUnitedStates. A) Thirteenth B) Nineteenth C) Tenth D) First E) EqualRights
A) Thirteenth
25) TheThirteenthAmendment
A) forbadeslaveryandinvoluntaryservitude.
B) gaveAfricanAmericanstherighttovote.
C) repealedtheTwelfthAmendment.
D) establishedtheprincipleofseparatebutequal.
E) repealedProhibition.
A) forbade slavery and involuntary servitude.
26) TheThirteenthAmendmentwaspassed A) in1920. B) in1850. C) inthe1960s. D) asoneoftheoriginalBillofRights. E) attheendoftheCivilWar.
E) at the end of the Civil War.
27) TheconstitutionaltrailforsecuringequalrightsforallAmericanswasblazedprimarilyby A) women. B) HispanicAmericans. C) AsianAmericans. D) theAmericanIndians. E) AfricanAmericans.
E) African Americans.
28) InDredScottv.Sandford(1857),ChiefJusticeTaneydeclaredthat
A) theimportationofslavesintotheUnitedStateswasillegal,butslaveryitselfwasnot.
B) Congresshadnoauthoritytobanslaveryintheterritories.
C) aslavewhohadescapedtoafreestatebecameafreeman.
D) slaveryisinherentlyunconstitutional. E) slaverycanbepracticedintheso-calledfreestates.
B) Congress had no authority to ban slavery in the territories.
29) Slaverywasdeclaredunconstitutionalbythe
A) ThirteenthAmendment.
B) FourteenthAmendment.
C) JimCrowlaws.
D) BillofRights.
E) DredScottv.SandfordSupremeCourtcase.
A) Thirteenth Amendment.
30) JimCrowlawswerethosewhich
A) wereenactedbySouthernwhitesinthelatenineteenthcenturytosegregateAfrican Americansfromwhites.
B) theNorthenforcedintheSouthintheReconstructionerafollowingtheCivilWar, grantingrightstoformerslaves.
C) soughttoendsegregationandbringtheracesintoclosercontactwithoneanother.
D) justifiedslaveryandsetcodesforslavesʹbehavior.
E) establishedslaveryandcontractlawregulatingtheslavetrade.
A) were enacted by Southern whites in the late nineteenth century to segregate African Americans from whites.
31) TheSupremeCourtʹsdecisioninthecaseofPlessyv.Ferguson
A) forthefirsttimeestablishedraceasasuspectclassificationandruledthatformerslaves mustbegrantedlandorotherwisecompensatedfortheiryearsofforcedlabor.
B) outlawedslavery.
C) statedthattheprincipleofseparatebutequalpublicfacilitiesforAfricanAmericanswas constitutional.
D) statedthattheprincipleofseparatebutequalpublicfacilitiesforAfricanAmericanswas unconstitutional.
E) ruledthatslaveswerechattelpropertyandentitledtonorightsundertheConstitution.
C) stated that the principle of separate but equal public facilities for African Americans was constitutional.
32) Inthecaseof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,theSupremeCourtruledthatsegregationofracesbylawwas constitutionalsolongasthefacilitiesthatwereseparatewerealsoequal. A) Amosv.Alabama B) Brownv.BoardofEducation C) Plessyv.Ferguson D) Craigv.Boren E) DredScottv.Sandford
C) Plessy v. Ferguson
33) JimCrowlaws
A) imposedlegalsegregationonAfricanAmericansintheSouthaftertheCivilWar.
B) wereanattempttoreimposeslaveryintheSouthaftertheCivilWar.
C) gaveAfricanAmericanstherighttovoteinlocalelectionsintheSouth.
D) grantedformerslavesfreelandincompensationfortheiryearsofunpaidlabor.
E) allowedAfricanAmericanstoholdstateandfederalofficesintheSouthaftertheCivil War.
A) imposed legal segregation on African Americans in the South after the Civil War.
34) InthecaseofPlessyv.Ferguson,
A) housingdiscriminationwasforbidden.
B) theprincipleofʺseparatebutequalʺwasoverturned.
C) schoolbusingwasallowedtoremedyracialsegregation.
D) UnitedStatescitizenshipandallrightsthatgowithitweregrantedtoformerslaves.
E) theprincipleofʺseparatebutequalʺwasusedtojustifysegregation.
E) the principle of ʺseparate but equalʺ was used to justify segregation.
35) Duringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury,theSupremeCourt
A) paidmoreattentiontotheʺseparateʺthantotheʺequalʺpartoftheseparatebutequal doctrine.
B) allowedsegregationinthearmedforces. C) upheldthelegalityofall-whiteprimaries.
D) declaredallJimCrowlawsunconstitutional.
E) alloftheabove
A) paid more attention to the ʺseparateʺ than to the ʺequalʺ part of the separate but equal doctrine.
36) Legalsegregationoftheraceswasdeclaredunconstitutionalinthe1954landmarkruling knownas A) Kingv.UniversityofKansas. B) Plessyv.Ferguson. C) DredScottv.Sandford. D) Craigv.Boren. E) noneoftheabove
E) none of the above
37) TheBrownv.BoardofEducation decisionoverturnedtheSupremeCourtʹs1896rulingin A) Craigv.Boren. B) DredScottv.Sandford. C) Marburyv.Madison. D) Amosv.Alabama. E) Plessyv.Ferguson.
E) Plessy v. Ferguson.
38) InBrownv.BoardofEducation(1954),theSupremeCourt
A) orderedtheTopekaschooldistricttospendmoremoneyonblackschools.
B) enunciatedtheprincipleofequalbutseparate.
C) ruledthatthevisiblesignsofeducationweresubstantiallyequalbetweenblackschools andwhiteones.
D) enunciatedtheprincipleofseparatebutequal.
E) ruledthatschoolsegregationwasinherentlyunequal.
E) ruled that school segregation was inherently unequal.
39) TheSupremeCourtʹsrulinginBrownv.BoardofEducation wasbasedonthelegalargument thatsegregationviolatedthe\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Amendment. A) Fourteenth B) First C) Twenty-sixth D) Nineteenth E) EqualRights
A) Fourteenth
40) Defactoeducationalsegregationoccurs
A) byforcedschoolbusingtoseparatetheraces.
B) byforcedschoolbusingtointegratetheraces.
C) whensegregatedclassroomsoccurwithinanintegratedschool.
D) bylaw.
E) bytherealityofneighborhoodschoolslocatedinareasthathappentoberacially segregated.
E) by the reality of neighborhood schools located in areas that happen to be racially segregated.
41) Dejureeducationalsegregationoccurs
A) byconstitutionalamendment.
B) bylaw.
C) byforcedschoolbusingtointegratetheraces.
D) bytherealityofneighborhoodschoolslocatedinareasthathappentoberacially segregated. E) fromday-to-daydependingonchangingenrollmentsataparticularschool.
B) by law.
42) Inthecaseof________,theSupremeCourtupheldfederalcourtrulingsorderingbusingof studentstoachieveraciallybalancedschools.
A) Craigv.Boren
B) Plessyv.Ferguson
C) Brownv.BoardofEducation
D) UnifiedTransportationCo.vMadisonCounty E) Swannv.Charlotte-Mecklenberg CountySchools
E) Swannv.Charlotte-Mecklenberg CountySchools
E) Swannv.Charlotte-Mecklenberg CountySchools
43) TheimmediatereactiontoBrownv.BoardofEducation (1954)was
A) thebusingofstudentstoachieveraciallybalancedschools.
B) theclosingofschoolsinTopeka,Kansas. C) passageoftheTwenty-thirdAmendmenttooverturntheBrowndecision.
D) thedesegregationofpublicschoolsintheSouth.
E) increasedenrollmentinprivateschoolsbywhitesintheSouthandathreattoclose publicschools.
E) increased enrollment in private schools by whites in the South and a threat to close public schools.
44) AfterBrownv.BoardofEducation (1954),schoolintegrationintheSouth A) wasunaffectedbythedecision. B) endedabruptly. C) wascompletedwithinthreeyears. D) neverchanged. E) proceededveryslowly.
E) proceeded very slowly.
45) ThecaseofSwannv.Charlotte-MecklenbergCountySchools (1971)
A) prohibitedbusingforschoolintegration.
B) permittedjudgestoachieveraciallybalancedschoolsthroughbusing.
C) ruledthatschoolsmustsetasideafederaljudge-determinednumberofspotsforblacks beforetheywouldbeconsidereddesegregated.
D) gavestatelegislaturesthepowertodetermineschooldesegregationproceduresineach state.
E) ruledthatschoolscouldnotlimitthenumberofblackstudentsenrolledinaneffortto minimizedesegregation.
B) permitted judges to achieve racially balanced schools through busing.
46) Theoneinstitutionmostresponsibleforputtingcivilrightsgoalsonthenationʹspolicyagenda was A) Congress. B) thepresidency. C) thecourts. D) thepoliticalparties. E) thestategovernments.
C) the courts.
47) AllofthefollowingweretacticsoftheCivilRightsMovementEXCEPT A) marches. B) civildisobedience. C) sit-ins. D) busboycotts. E) noneoftheabove
E) none of the above
48) TheCivilRightsActof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,themostimportantlawsincetheEmancipation Proclamation,maderacialdiscriminationillegalinpublicaccommodationsthroughout America. A) 1947 B) 1964 C) 1984 D) 1974 E) 1954
B) 1964
49) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Amendment,adoptedin1870,guaranteedtherightofAfricanAmericanstovote --atleastinprinciple. A) Nineteenth B) Thirteenth C) First D) Fifteenth E) Fifth
D) Fifteenth
50) TheCivilRightsActof1964
A) maderacialdiscriminationillegalinplacesofpublicaccommodation.
B) forbadediscriminationinemploymentonthebasisofrace,color,nationalorigin, religion,orgender.
C) prohibitedgenderdiscriminationintheworkplace.
D) bothAandB
E) neitherAnorB
D) both A and B
51) Suffragerefersto
A) thepracticeofdefactoslaveryratherthandejure slavery.
B) thelegalsegregationoftheracesorofmenandwomeninhotels,motels,restaurants, andotherpublicplaces.
C) thehardshipsenduredtoobtaincivilrightsforAfricanAmericansandequalrightsfor women.
D) thelegalrighttovote.
E) thepracticeofshacklingslavesworkinginfieldssotheycouldnotrunaway.
D) the legal right to vote.
52) Thelegalrighttovoteisreferredtoas A) civilliberties. B) thegrandfatherclause. C) civilrights. D) suffrage. E) coverture.
D) suffrage.
53) ThegrandfatherclausewaspassedbyOklahomaandothersouthernstatesto
A) excludeblacksfromhavingtherighttovoteinprimaryelections,thoughtheycouldvote ingeneralelections.
B) guaranteetheequalrightsofseniorcitizensinemployment.
C) denyAfricanAmericanstherighttovote.
D) denylandtoanyonewhosegrandfatherswerenotwhite.
E) distributelandtoformerslavesonthebasisofhowmanygenerationstheyhadserved onaparticularplantation.
C) deny African Americans the right to vote.
54) Thegrandfatherclausewas\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_bytheSupremeCourtinthe1915decision,Guinnv. UnitedStates. A) overlooked B) established C) declaredagediscrimination D) foundunconstitutionalandoutlawed E) upheldasconstitutional
D) found unconstitutional and outlawed
55) TheCivilRightsActof1964
A) establishedthefirstaffirmativeactionprograms.
B) endeddiscriminationinthepurchaseorrentalofhousing.
C) endedthewhiteprimary.
D) guaranteedminoritygroupstherighttovote.
E) guaranteedequalaccesstohotels,restaurants,andotherpublicaccommodations.
E) guaranteed equal access to hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodations.
56) Blackswerefirstgiventhelegalrighttovotebythe A) CivilRightsActof1964. B) Twenty-fourthAmendment. C) FifteenthAmendment. D) VotingRightsActof1965. E) EmancipationProclamation.
C) Fifteenth Amendment.
57) TorenderAfrican-Americanvotesineffective,severalsouthernstatesusedthe\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,a devicethatpermittedpoliticalpartiestochoosetheirnomineesinelectionsofflimitstoblacks. A) suffrage B) grandfatherclause C) polltax D) hiddenballot E) whiteprimary
E) white primary
58) TheTwenty-fourthAmendment,ratifiedin1964,
A) prohibiteddiscriminationinemploymentorpublicaccommodationsbasedonrace.
B) grantedNegroestherighttovote.
C) outlawedtheuseofliteracytestsinordertoregistertovote.
D) outlawedthegrandfatherclauseandthewhiteprimary.
E) prohibitedtheuseofpolltaxesinfederalelections.
E) prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections.
59) Polltaxesforfederalelectionswereoutlawedinthe
A) VotingRightsAct.
B) CivilRightsActof1964.
C) SupremeCourtʹsGuinnv.UnitedStates decisionof1915. D) Twenty-fourthAmendment.
E) TaxReformActof1963.
D) Twenty-fourth Amendment.
60) OneconsequenceoftheVotingRightsActof1965was
A) dramaticincreaseinthenumberofAfricanAmericansregisteredtovote.
B) increasedaccessofblackstopublicaccommodations.
C) theincreaseduseofgerrymandering.
D) decreasedinvolvementoffederalofficialsinstateelectionprocedures.
E) anincreaseinsegregation.
A) dramatic increase in the number of African Americans registered to vote.
61) Thewhiteprimary
A) wastheexaminationvotershadtopassbeforebeingallowedtovote,designedto preventblacksfromvotingbecausetheyhadbeendeniededucationalopportunities.
B) deniedblackstherighttorunforofficeinprimaryelectionsintheSouth.
C) excludedblacksfromprimaryelections,thusdeprivingthemofavoiceinthereal electoralcontestsintheSouth.
D) deniedblackstherighttovoteinallsouthernelections.
E) allowedblackstovoteonlyinRepublicanprimariesintheheavilyDemocraticSouth.
C) excluded blacks from primary elections, thus depriving them of a voice in the real electoral contests in the South.
62) Native-AmericanIndiansweremadecitizensoftheUnitedStatesin
A) 1964.
B) 1924.
C) 1789.
D) 1868.
E) TheywerenevermadecitizensoftheUnitedStates.
B) 1924.
63) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutNativeAmericansisFALSE?
A) NativeAmericansaretheoldestminoritygroupintheUnitedStates.
B) NativeAmericansareguaranteedaccesstothepolls,housing,andtojobs.
C) NativeAmericansweremadecitizensoftheUnitedStateslongbeforeAfrican Americansreceivedthesamestatus.
D) TheIndianClaimsActof1946establishedameanstosettlefinancialdisputesarising fromlandstakenfromtheIndians.
E) NativeAmericansarethepoorestminoritygroupintheUnitedStates.
C) Native Americans were made citizens of the United States long before African Americans received the same status.
64) HispanicAmericanscompriseapproximately\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_percentoftheUnitedStates population. A) 14 B) 5 C) 22 D) 10 E) 20
A) 14
65) ThefastestgrowingminoritygroupintheUnitedStatesis A) NativeAmericans. B) AfricanAmericans. C) JapaneseAmericans. D) HispanicAmericans. E) AsianAmericans.
E) Asian Americans.
66) InthecaseofKorematsuv.UnitedStates,theSupremeCourt
A) ruledthattheremovalofJapaneseAmericansfromthewestcoastandtheirplacementin internmentcampsduringWorldWarIIwasbarbaricandunconstitutional.
B) ruledjustpriortoWorldWarIIthatJapaneseAmericanslivingintheUnitedStateshad toberepatriatedtoJapan.
C) upheldtheconstitutionalityoftheUnitedStatesatomicbombingofHiroshimaand Nagasaki.
D) upheldtheconstitutionalityoftheremovalofJapaneseAmericansfromthewestcoast andtheirplacementininternmentcampsduringWorldWarII.
E) ruledthatrestrictionsonJapaneseownershipoflandintheUnitedStateswere unconstitutional.
D) upheld the constitutionality of the removal of Japanese Americans from the west coast and their placement in internment camps during World War II.
67) TheSupremeCourtcaseofKorematsuv.UnitedStates (1944)
A) upheldtheconstitutionalityoftheinternmentofJapaneseAmericansduringWorldWar II.
B) ruledthatpublicdiscriminationagainstJapaneseAmericansisunconstitutional.
C) setthestagefortheextensionofequalrightstoJapaneseAmericans.
D) awardedbenefitstoJapaneseAmericansinternedduringWorldWarII.
E) upheldtheprohibitionoftheownershipoflandbypeopleofJapanesedescent.
A) upheld the constitutionality of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II.
68) Thewomenʹsrightsmovementwaslaunchedwiththesigningofthe A) FeministManifesto. B) EmancipationProclamation. C) SenecaFallsDeclaration. D) EqualRightsAmendment. E) DeclarationofIndependence.
C) Seneca Falls Declaration.
69) ʺCovertureʺ
A) wasthecombinationofelectricshocktherapyanddrugsonceusedtoʺcureʺ homosexualsoftheirhomosexuality.
B) wasthelegaldoctrinethatdeprivedmarriedwomenofanyidentityseparatefromthat oftheirhusbands.
C) isatermusedtodescribethetimewhenminoritygroupswilloutnumberCaucasiansof Europeandescent.
D) wastheprincipleusedtojustifytheinternmentofJapaneseAmericansduringWorld WarII.
E) wasthelegaldoctrineusedtodiscriminateagainstNativeAmericansbyplacingthemin reservations.
B) was the legal doctrine that deprived married women of any identity separate from that of their husbands.
70) TheNineteenthAmendment
A) gavewomentheconstitutionalrighttovote.
B) outlawedthepolltaxinfederalelections.
C) repealedProhibition.
D) gaveAfricanAmericanstheconstitutionalrighttovote.
E) endedslavery.
A) gave women the constitutional right to vote.
71) The\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_gavewomentheconstitutionalrighttovote. A) BillofRights B) FifteenthAmendment C) Twenty-fourthAmendment D) EqualRightsAmendment E) NineteenthAmendment
E) Nineteenth Amendment
72) Fromabout1920-1960,thefeministmovement
A) experiencedgreatgrowthandactivity.
B) wasinaperiodofhibernation.
C) waspreoccupiedwithwinningtherighttovote. D) concentratedonanti-warcauses.
E) firstcoalescedasasignificantpoliticalmovementintheUnitedStates.
B) was in a period of hibernation.
73) AlicePaulauthoredtheEqualRightsAmendment,andunsuccessfullypushedforitspassage beginninginthe A) 1960s. B) 1970s. C) 1920s. D) 1980s. E) 1940s.
C) 1920s.
74) Womenwerefirstgiventherighttovotebythe A) SuffrageActof1880. B) EqualRightsAmendment. C) FifteenthAmendment. D) VotingRightsAct. E) NineteenthAmendment.
E) Nineteenth Amendment.
75) Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheimmediateconsequenceofwomenreceivingthe righttovoteisFALSE?
A) Manysupportersoftherighttovoteacceptedthetraditionalmodelofthefamily.
B) Thefeministmovementgainedsteamimmediatelyaftertherighttovotewassecured.
C) Winningtherighttovotedidnotautomaticallygivewomenequalrights,pay,and status.
D) Manystatelawscontinuedtoenshrinethetraditionalviewofthefamilyinpublicpolicy.
E) Gainingtherighttovotedidnoteliminatemanyofthechallengesfacingwomen.
B) The feminist movement gained steam immediately after the right to vote was secured.
76) AfterpassageoftheNineteenthAmendmentin1920,publicpolicytowardwomenwas dominatedby
A) protectionism.
B) theprincipleofequality.
C) coverture.
D) matriarchalism.
E) economic,butnotpolitical,advances.
A) protectionism.
77) Thefeministmovementwasreborn
A) whenwomenbecameinvolvedinthewareffortduringWorldWarII.
B) whentheSupremeCourtmadeitsdecisioninRoev.Wade.
C) aftertheCivilWarwhenwomenbecameinspiredbytheemancipationoftheslaves.
D) duringtheCivilRightsmovementofthe1950sand1960s.
E) whentheEqualRightsAmendmentwasfirstintroducedinthe1920s.
D) during the Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.
78) BettyFriedanʹsbook,\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_,publishedin1963,encouragedmanywomentoquestion traditionalassumptionsandtoasserttheirrights. A) AHandmaidʹsTale B) TheSecondSex C) TheFemaleEunuch D) WomenandEconomics E) TheFeminineMystique
E) The Feminine Mystique
79) In________,theSupremeCourtruledthatanyʺarbitraryʺsex-basedclassificationviolatedthe equalprotectionclause.
A) RegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke
B) DredScottv.Sandford
C) Swannv.Charlotte-MecklenbergCountySchools
D) Reedv.Reed
E) Roev.Wade
D) Reed v. Reed
80) InthecaseofCraigv.Boren,theSupremeCourtruledthat
A) sexclassificationswouldbetreatedbytheCourtasinherentlysuspect.
B) racialclassificationswereconstitutionaliftheyhaveacompelling,legitimate,and rationalpurpose.
C) itwouldemployaʺmediumscrutinyʺstandard:sexdiscriminationwouldbetreatedas neithervalidnorinvalid.
D) sexclassificationswouldbetreatedbytheCourtasvalid.
E) allsexclassificationswereunconstitutional.
C) it would employ a ʺmedium scrutinyʺ standard: sex discrimination would be treated as neither valid nor invalid.
81) InthecaseofReedv.Reed(1971),theSupremeCourt
A) struckdownanOklahomalawsettingdifferentlegaldrinkingagesformenandwomen.
B) declaredthatawomanʹsplaceisinthehome.
C) prohibitedsexualdiscriminationinpublicschools.
D) heldthatanyarbitrarysex-basedclassificationviolatedtheequalprotectionclauseofthe FourteenthAmendment.
E) declaredthatwomenareentitledtohalfthecommunitypropertyofamarriagewhen thereisadivorce.
D) held that any arbitrary sex-based classification violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
82) TheSupremeCourthasvoidedeachofthefollowingsexualdiscriminationlawsEXCEPTlaws that
A) providedforalimonypaymentstowomenonly.
B) madestatutoryrapeacrimeformenonly.
C) setahigheragefordrinkingformenthanforwomen.
D) closedastateʹsnursingschooltomen.
E) providedchildsupportforwomenonly.
B) made statutory rape a crime for men only.
83) WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A) Manysexdiscriminationcaseshaveinvolvedmenseekingequalitywithwomen.
B) TheSupremeCourtfirststruckdownalawonthebasisofsexdiscriminationin1920.
C) TheSupremeCourthassofarstruckdownonlyahandfuloflawsfordiscriminatingon thebasisofgender.
D) Allofthesearetrue.
E) Noneofthesearetrue.
A) Many sex discrimination cases have involved men seeking equality with women.
84) TheEqualRightsAmendmentfailedbecause
A) itwasvetoedbythePresident.
B) theSupremeCourtvoideditasunconstitutional. C) itdidnotwintherequiredtwo-thirdsvoteineachchamberofCongress.
D) itwasrejectedbytheUnitedStatesSenate.
E) itfellthreestatesshortofsufficientratification.
E) it fell three states short of sufficient ratification.
85) The________bannedgenderdiscriminationinemploymentbylaw.
A) CivilRightsActof1964
B) FairLaborStandardsAct
C) SupremeCourtrulinginNationalOrganizationforWomenv.BankofAmerica
D) NineteenthAmendment
E) GenderEquityActof1972
A) Civil Rights Act of 1964
86) Inconsideringgenderdiscriminationinemploymentandbusinessactivity,theSupremeCourt hasruledthatanyprerequisitesbasedongenderorappearance
A) fallwithinthepenumbraofthecommerceclause,andthusenjoyitsconstitutional protection.
B) areunconstitutional.
C) musthaveadirectrelationshipwiththedutiesrequiredinaparticularposition,orare otherwisediscriminatory.
D) canbeacceptedasnon-discriminatoryiftherequirementshavealongstandingtradition intheindustry.
E) aremattersofprivatebusinessconcernandthereforenotundertheprotectionofthe Constitution.
C) must have a direct relationship with the duties required in a particular position, or are otherwise discriminatory
87) WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheEqualRightsAmendment(ERA)isFALSE?
A) TheERAwasratifiedin1982.
B) TheERAbattlestimulatedvigorousfeministactivity. C) TheERAbattlestimulatedvigorousanti-feministactivity.
D) TheERAwasfirstintroducedinthe1920s.
E) CongresspassedtheERAin1972.
A) The ERA was ratified in 1982.
88) TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourthashandeddowneachofthefollowingdecisions concerninggenderdiscriminationinemploymentandbusinessactivityEXCEPT
A) requiringthefederalgovernmenttogivewomenequalpayforjobsofcomparableworth.
B) prohibitinggenderdiscriminationinprivatebusinessandserviceclubs.
C) voidinglawsandrulesbarringwomenfromjobsthrougharbitraryheightandweight requirements.
D) protectingwomenfrombeingrequiredtotakemandatorypregnancyleavesfromtheir jobs.
E) Noneoftheabove;thecourthashandeddowneachofthedecisionsabove.
A) requiring the federal government to give women equal pay for jobs of comparable worth.
89) Theissueof\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_dealswithwomenseekingtoredressthefactthatjobstraditionallyheld bymentendtopayfargreatersalariesthanjobsrequiringsimilarskillsbutaretraditionally heldbywomen. A) genderequality B) affirmativeaction C) feminizedwagescales D) comparableworth E) thelacepurse
D) comparable worth
90) ʺComparableworthʺreferstotheissueof
A) payingmenandwomenequivalentsalariesforjobsrequiringsimilarskills.
B) governmentsubsidizationofwomenwhochoosetoworkathome.
C) theinherentdignityandequalityofwomenwithmen.
D) reducedworkresponsibilitiesforwomenworkerswithchildren.
E) equalvotingrightsandaccesstopublicofficeforwomen.
A) paying men and women equivalent salaries for jobs requiring similar skills.
91) WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A) Womenareprohibitedfromservingascombatpilots.
B) Womenareprohibitedonnavywarships.
C) Womenarenowallowedingroundcombatunits.
D) Bothmenandwomenmustregisterforthedraftatage18.
E) noneoftheabove
E) none of the above
92) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutwomeninthemilitaryisFALSE?
A) Congresshasopenedalltheserviceacademiestowomen.
B) Women,aswellasmen,arenowrequiredtoregisterforthedraft.
C) Statutesandregulationsprohibitwomenfromservinginmostcombatsituations.
D) WomenhaveservedineverybranchofthearmedservicessinceWorldWarII.
E) Womendonothaveaceilingontheranktheycanachieve.
B) Women, as well as men, are now required to register for the draft.
93) ThePersianGulfWarshowedthat
A) womencouldserveascombatpilots.
B) womenwouldnotvolunteerforcombatpositions.
C) thereisnoplaceinthemilitaryforwomen.
D) womendidwellinthemilitary,butshouldnotserveincombatpositions.
E) womenʹsmilitaryperformancewasinferiortomenʹs.
A) women could serve as combat pilots.
94) In1993,theSupremeCourtruledthatsexualharassmentissexdiscriminationthatviolatesthe CivilRightsActwhen
A) thetargetobjectsasecondtimetotouching,bodylanguage,ordirtytalk.
B) itcausesseverepsychologicalinjury.
C) theworkplaceenvironmentbecomeshostileorabusive.
D) anemployeecannolongerperformhisorherjob.
E) thetargetsuffersanervousbreakdown.
C) the workplace environment becomes hostile or abusive.
95) InFaragherv.CityofBocaRaton (1998),theSupremeCourtheldthat
A) schooldistrictscanbeheldliableforsexualharassment.
B) themilitarycannotberesponsibleforsexualharassmentatconferences.
C) employersareresponsibleforpreventingandeliminatingsexualharassment.
D) governmententitiesarenotresponsibleforpreventingsexualharassment.
E) noneoftheabove
C) employers are responsible for preventing and eliminating sexual harassment.
96) The1991conventionoftheTailhookAssociationofnavalaviatorsexperiencedacelebrated caseofsexualharassmentwhen
A) thecommandingofficerscatteredhispubichairsuponthedesksofsomeofhisfemale secretaries. B) thecommander-in-chiefofthearmedforcesaskedafemaleaviatoruptohishotelroom ostensiblyforbusinessandthenunzippedhispants,showedherhispenis,andaskedfor oralsex.
C) somemensecretlyvideotapedtheirsexualencountersandthenshowedthematthe convention.
D) maleaviatorslinedahotelhallwayandgropedandkissedwomentryingtogettotheir rooms.
E) Allofthese;itwasareallysordidaffair.
D) male aviators lined a hotel hallway and groped and kissed women trying to get to their rooms.
97) The1991conventionoftheTailhookAssociationconventionbroughtattentiontotheproblem of
A) thefailureoftheEqualRightsAmendment.
B) homosexualactivityinthearmedservices.
C) comparableworth.
D) sexualharassment.
E) sexualdiscriminationinthecourts.
D) sexual harassment.
98) Theʺgrayliberationʺmovementrefersto
A) elderlyhomosexualsseekingequality.
B) thoseseekinglawsthatbreakdownracialbarriersandpromoteharmony.
C) anti-pollutionactivistswhoseektoreducesmog.
D) thosefightingfortherightsoftheelderly.
E) thosefightingforequalrightsandjusticeforthedisabled.
D) those fighting for the rights of the elderly.
99) ThefastestgrowingagegroupintheAmericanpopulationis A) GenerationX. B) peopleintheir80s. C) infants. D) teenagers. E) baby-boomers.
B) people in their 80s.
100) Agediscriminationlawshave
A) allowedchildrenbetweentheagesof12and18toleavetheirparents.
B) loweredtheminimumcompulsoryretirementageto55.
C) requiredemployerstohireacertainpercentageofpeopleovertheageof50.
D) deniedfederalfundstoanyinstitutiondiscriminatingagainstpeopleoverforty.
E) alloftheabove
D) denied federal funds to any institution discriminating against people over forty.
101) In1990,Congressenactedthe________,afar-reachinglawtoprotectaparticulargroupof Americansfromdiscrimination,ignoringthosewhoclaimedthepricetagwouldbetoohigh.
A) GayandLesbianCivilRightsBill B) Native-AmericansInclusionAct
C) AmericanswithDisabilitiesAct
D) ChildrenʹsRightsAct
E) ImmigrantGrantAct
C) Americans with Disabilities Act
102) TheRehabilitationActof1973
A) entitlesallchildrentoafreepubliceducationappropriatetotheirneeds.
B) increasedtheamountoffinancialaidtodisabledpeople.
C) guaranteedfree,lifetimemedicalcareandphysicaltherapyforVietnamWarveterans.
D) addedhandicappedpeopletothelistofAmericansprotectedfromdiscrimination.
E) prohibitsemploymentdiscriminationagainstthedisabled.
D) added handicapped people to the list of Americans protected from discrimination.
103) TheAmericanswithDisabilitiesActof1990 A) requiredallgovernmentalbuildingstohavewheelchair-accessibleentrancesand facilities.
B) addedAIDSvictimstothelistofhandicappedpersons.
C) prohibitedemploymentdiscriminationagainstthedisabled.
D) addedhandicappedpeopletothelistofAmericansprotectedfromdiscrimination.
E) requiredanaffirmativeactionprogramforthedisabled.
C) prohibited employment discrimination against the disabled.
104) OppositiontoCivilRightslawsforthehandicappedhasbeenjustifiedprimarilyonthebasis ofthe
A) inabilityofdisabledpersonstohandlemostemploymentrequirements.
B) fearthatlawswillleadtoaquotasystemtohiredisabledpersons.
C) highcostofprogramstohelpthedisabled.
D) fearthatthedisabledwilltakejobsawayfromable-bodiedpersons.
E) alloftheabove
C) high cost of programs to help the disabled.
105) Homophobiarefersto
A) fearandhatredtowardgaymenandlesbianwomen.
B) thetendencytobesexuallyattractedtomembersofoneʹsownsex.
C) thedevelopmentofpositivestereotypesconcerninggaymenandlesbianwomen.
D) promotingtheCivilRightsofgaymenandlesbianwomen.
E) anattitudeoftoleranceandacceptancetowardgaymenandlesbianwomen.
A) fear and hatred toward gay men and lesbian women.
106) Affirmativeactionseekstomovebeyond
A) equalresultstoequalopportunity.
B) equalopportunitytoequalresults.
C) equalopportunitytoequalrights.
D) equalrightstoequalopportunity.
E) negativismtopositivisminhumanrelations.
B) equal opportunity to equal results.
107) Thepublicpolicypathsforwomenandminoritiesconvergedinthedebateabout A) affirmativeaction. B) theEqualRightsAmendment. C) militaryservice. D) gayrights. E) comparableworth.
A) affirmative action.
108) Thegoalofaffirmativeactionistomovetoward A) equalfacilities. B) equalopportunity. C) equalresults. D) equalpay. E) comparableworth.
C) equal results.
109) Thestrongestandmostcontroversialformofaffirmativeactionis A) busing. B) comparableworth. C) numericalquotas. D) comparativeworth. E) equalopportunity.
C) numerical quotas.
110) TheSupremeCourtruledagainstsomeofthebasicprinciplesofaffirmativeactioninwhichof thefollowingcases?
A) MetroBroadcastingInc.v.FederalCommunicationsCommission
B) Fullilovev.Klutznick
C) RegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke
D) UnitedSteelworkersofAmerica,AFL-CIOv.Weber
E) alloftheabove
C) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
111) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutaffirmativeactionisFALSE?
A) Theconstitutionalstatusofaffirmativeactionhasnotbeenveryclear.
B) Affirmativeactionputsanemphasisonequalresultsandnotmerelyequalopportunities.
C) Affirmativeactionhasbeenusedtoestablishspecialprovisionstoensurethataportion ofschooladmissionsgotominoritiesandwomen.
D) PollingdatashowsthatmostAmericanssupportaffirmativeaction.
E) noneoftheabove
D) Polling data shows that most Americans support affirmative action.
112) ThecaseofRegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke dealtwith
A) affirmativeaction.
B) sexualharassment.
C) therighttoestablishagaystudentorganization.
D) comparableworth.
E) paidmaternityleave.
A) affirmative action.
113) InthecaseofRegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourt
A) upheldallaffirmativeactionprogramsasjustifiedandconstitutional. B) ruledthattheUniversityofCalifornia-Davismedicalschoolcouldnotdiscriminate againstwomen,AfricanAmericans,orotherminoritygroups.
C) outlawedallaffirmativeactionprogramsasunconstitutional. D) ruledthatstate-runnursingschoolscouldnotdiscriminateagainstmeninadmissionsto theirprograms.
E) upheldaffirmativeactionprograms,butlimitedtheirscope,andoutlawedracialquota set-asides.
E) upheld affirmative action programs, but limited their scope, and outlawed racial quota set-asides.
114) Inthecaseof________,theSupremeCourtruledthataffirmativeactionprogramswerenot unconstitutional,buttheycouldnotinvolveaset-asidequotaofspotsavailableonlyto membersofparticulargroups.
A) Craigv.Boren
B) Korematsuv.UnitedStates
C) RegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke
D) Reedv.Reed
E) Roev.Wade
C) Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
115) Inits1995rulinginAdarandConstructorsv.Pena,theSupremeCourt
A) changeddirectionandbegantocurtailfederaluseofaffirmativeactionprograms.
B) outlaweddiscriminationagainstwomenintheconstructionindustry.
C) mandatedanexpansionoffederalaffirmativeactionprograms.
D) upheldfederalaffirmativeactionprogramsasconstitutional.
E) broadenedthescopeofstateandlocalaffirmativeactionprogramsthatitconsiders constitutional.
A) changed direction and began to curtail federal use of affirmative action programs.
116) InthecaseofRegentsoftheUniversityofCaliforniav.Bakke,theCourt A) refusedtoallowtheadmissionofBakketoUniversityofCalifornia-Davis.
B) wasunitedinitsdecision. C) orderedthatUniversityofCalifornia-Daviscouldnotuseraceasacriterionfor admission.
D) ruledthatnursingschoolscannotdiscriminateagainstmenintheiradmissions procedures.
E) ruledthatapublicuniversitycouldnotsetasideaquotaofspotsforparticulargroups.
E) ruled that a public university could not set aside a quota of spots for particular groups.
117) WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutSupremeCourtrulingsconcerningaffirmativeaction isFALSE?
A) TheCourthasapprovedpreferentialtreatmentofminoritiesinpromotions.
B) TheCourthasruledthataffirmativeactioncanexemptrecentlyhiredminoritiesfrom traditionalworkrulesspecifyingʺlasthired,firstfiredʺorderoflayoffs.
C) TheCourthasorderedquotasforminorityunionmemberships.
D) TheCourthasruledthatpublicemployersmayuseaffirmativeactionpromotionplans tocountertheunderrepresentationofwomenandminoritiesintheworkplace.
E) noneoftheabove
B) The Court has ruled that affirmative action can exempt recently hired minorities from traditional work rules specifying ʺlast hired, first firedʺ order of layoffs.
118) Affirmativeactionprogramsarereferredtobycriticsas A) negativereaction. B) reversediscrimination. C) positivenegativism. D) comparableworth. E) degenderizing.
B) reverse discrimination.
119) Supportersofaffirmativeactionbelievethat
A) affirmativeactionproducessoimportantasocialgoalthatsomereversediscriminationis acceptable.
B) meritistheonlyfairbasisfordistributingbenefits.
C) discriminationiswrong,evenwhenitspurposeistorectifypastinjustices.
D) anyformofquotasystemisunjust.
E) somediscriminationisacceptable.
A) affirmative action produces so important a social goal that some reverse discrimination is acceptable.
120) Whenproposition209waspassedinCaliforniain1996,itbanned
A) affirmativeactioninpublichiring,contracting,andeducationaladmissions.
B) affirmativeactioninfederalhiring.
C) affirmativeactiononbehalfofhomosexuals.
D) affirmativeactionintheprivatesector.
E) affirmativeactiononbehalfofwomen.
A) affirmative action in public hiring, contracting, and educational admissions.
121) WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?
A) Civilrightspolicieshaveexpandedthepowerofgovernment.
B) Thesteadyexpansionofcivilrightshasbroughtmoregroupsintothedemocratic process.
C) Currentcivilrightspoliciesconformtotheeighteenth-centuryideaoflimited government.
D) TherightsensuredbytheFirstAmendmentareessentialtoademocracy.
E) LyndonJohnsonwaspresidentwhencivilrightslegislationwaspassedinthe1960s.
C) Current civil rights policies conform to the eighteenth-century idea of limited government.
