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maa b/c > ch 4 & 5 > Flashcards

ch 4 & 5 Flashcards

1
Q

bi-

A

twice, double, two

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2
Q

clon/o

A

violent action

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3
Q

dys-

A

bad, difficult, or painful

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4
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia, fibrous band

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5
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue, fiber

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6
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition, disease, plural of -lum

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7
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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8
Q

kines/o, kinesi/o

A

movement

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9
Q

-lysis

A

to set free, break down

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10
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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11
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

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12
Q

tax/o

A

coordination, order

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13
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendon, stretch out, extend, strain

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14
Q

ton/o

A

tone, stretching, tension

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15
Q

tri-

A

three

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16
Q

abduction

A

the movement of a limb (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body

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17
Q

adduction

A

the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body
during adduction, the limb moves inward the side of the body

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18
Q

adductor

A

a muscle that moves a body part toward the midline

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19
Q

hyperextension

A

the extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit
ex. movement of the head far back or far forward beyond the normal range of motion causes hyperextension of the muscles of the neck

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20
Q

circumduction

A

the circular movement at the far end of a limb
ex. the swinging motion of the far end of the arm

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21
Q

dorsiflexion

A

the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle
pointing the toes and foot upward decreases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg

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22
Q

oblique

A

slanted or at an angle
ex. the external oblique and internal oblique muscles have a slanted alignment

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23
Q

transverse

A

in a crosswise direction
ex. transverse abdominis muscle in the abdomen which has a crosswise alignment

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24
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia
note the double ii that results from the suffix -itis being added to the root word fasci

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25
Q

tendinosis

A

a chronic condition of a tendon characterized by pain due to repetitive overuse or an injury that has not healed

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26
Q

adhesion

A

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
can form in muscles or in internal organs, as the result of an injury or surgery

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27
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

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28
Q

dystonia

A

a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles

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29
Q

ataxia

A

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

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30
Q

contarcture

A

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibers
the most common causes are scarring or the lack of use due to immobilization or inactivity

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31
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest
due to poor circulation and is associated with peripheral vascular disease

32
Q

intermittent

A

coming and going at intervals

33
Q

claudication

A

limping

34
Q

myoclonus

A

the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
may occur normally as a person is falling asleep or as the jerks, shakes, or spasms resulting from a neurological disorder such as epilepsy, a metabolic condition, or a response to medication

35
Q

clonus

A

a repetitive contraction of the muscles of the knees or ankles associated with cerebral palsy, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and other neurological conditions

36
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

37
Q

condyle

A

refers to the round prominence at the end of a bone

38
Q

tenolysis

A

the release of a tendon from adhesions
opposite of tenodesis

39
Q

angi/o

A

blood or lymph vessel

40
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

41
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

42
Q

ather/o

A

plaque, fatty substance

43
Q

brady-

A

slow

44
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

45
Q

-crasia

A

a mixture or blending

46
Q

-emia

A

blood, blood circulation

47
Q

erythr/o

A

red

48
Q

hem/o, hemat/o

A

blood, relating to the blood

49
Q

leuk/o

A

white

50
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

51
Q

tachy-

A

fast, rapid

52
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

53
Q

ven/o

A

vein

54
Q

pericardium

A

the double-walled membraneous sac that encloses the heart
aka pericardial sac

55
Q

membraneous

A

pertaining to the membrane which is a thin layer of pliable tissue that covers or encloses a body part

56
Q

mitral valve

A

located between the left atrium and left ventricle
mitral means shaped like a bishop’s mitre (hat)
aka bicuspid valve because bicuspid means having two cups (points) which describes the shape of this valve

57
Q

hemoglobin

A

oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment of the erythrocytes

58
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening and narrowing of the arteries causes by a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

59
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

the term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

60
Q

bradycardia

A

an abnormally slow resting heart rate
term is usually applied to a heartbeat rate of less than 60 bpm
can occur when the passage of electricity from top to bottom of the heart is partially or totally blocked
opposite of tachycardia

61
Q

temporal arteritis

A

caused by inflammation of the temporal arteries supplying blood to the head and brain
symptoms include headaches, double vision, and jaw pain
causes unilateral or bilateral blindness, and more rarely, a stroke
aka giant cell arteritis

62
Q

aneurysm

A

a localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery
rupture of an aneurysm can be fatal because of the rapid loss of blood
named for the artery involved such as aortic aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and thoracic aortic aneurysm

63
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein
aka thrombophlebitis because the walls of the vein are often infiltrated and a clot (thrombus) formed
usually occurs in a superficial vein

64
Q

varicose veins

A

abnormally swollen veins that occur in the superficial veins of the legs
occurs when the valves in these veins do not function properly, so blood pools in the veins causing them to enlarge

65
Q

thrombus

A

a blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

66
Q

leukopenia

A

a decrease in the number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood
aka low white blood cell count
places the patient at an increased risk of developing or having difficulty fighting injections

67
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets circulating in the blood
because these cells help the blood to clot, this condition is sometimes associated with abnormal bleeding

68
Q

cholesterol

A

a fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body
aids in the production of cell membranes, some hormones, and vitamin D
some come from dietary sources, some created by the liver
excessively high levels of certain types can lead to heart disease

69
Q

aplastic anemia

A

characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

70
Q

anemia

A

a low red blood cell count
leads to fatigue and weakness

71
Q

leukopenia

A

a low white blood cell count causes an increased risk of infection

72
Q

thrombosytopenia

A

a low platelet count
results in bleeding especially from mucous membranes and skin

73
Q

pernicious anemia

A

caused by a lack of the protein intrinsic factor (IF) that helps the body absorb vitamin B12 from the gastrointestinal tract
vitamin B12 is necessary for the formation of rbc’s

74
Q

electrocardiogram

A

a record of the electrical activity of the myocardium

75
Q

diuretic

A

administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine to rid the body of excess sodium and water
these medications are administered to treat hypertension and heart failure by reducing the amount of fluid circulating in the blood

76
Q

thrombolytic

A

dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up
the use of these drugs to break up a thrombus is called thrombolytic therapy
aka clot-busting drug

maa b/c (4 decks)

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