Ch 4

Question 1

Mass reactant to mols reactants. Mols reactant to mols of product. Mols product to mass of product.

Answer 1

Molar mass. Balanced chemical equation. Molar mass.

Question 2

Mass conservation

Answer 2

Total mass of products = total mass of reactants

Question 3

Theoretical yield

Answer 3

Find by stoichemitry

Question 4

Percent yield

Answer 4

(Actual product / theoretical product) x100

Question 5

Finding limiting reactant

Answer 5

Determine amount of product from each reactant.

2. Compare mol ratio of reactants to mol ratio of stoichemitry coefficient

Question 6

Finding excess reactant

Answer 6

Take mols of limiting reactant (product) convert to mols of reactant in excess (balanced chemical equation) to grams of reactant ( molar mass).
Then subtract initial by the calculated ^^^^^

Question 7

If two different solutions. Find concentration.

Answer 7

Find mols of first solution. Then mols of other solution. Etc.
then find total mols (add all)
Find total volume ( add volumes of each solution)
Use molarity equation.

Question 8

Strong acids

Answer 8

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4.

Question 9

Strong bases

Answer 9

Group 1 metals and OH-. First three group 2 metals and OH-

Question 10

Nonelectrolyte

Answer 10

Covalent compounds.

Question 11

Electrolytes

Answer 11

All compounds except covalent

Question 12

When not to break up ions

Answer 12

Covalent. Insoluble. Weak acid. Weak base.

Question 13

Oxidation rules

Answer 13

#4. Group 1,2 always +1,+2. Group 3. Often +3. 
#5. Halogens # is -1 
#6. H has oxi # of -1 
#7. Group 6 (O,S,Se) generally are -2. O has oxi # of -2 except with F. Then halogen is -1. And find O oxi #.

Question 14

Oxidations

Answer 14

Lose e- , oxi # goes up

Question 15

Reductions

Answer 15

Gain e-, oxi # goes down

Question 16

Oxidizing agent

Answer 16

Oxidizes something else. ( itself is reduced. )

Question 17

Reducing agent

Answer 17

“Reduces” something else. ( itself is oxidized).

Question 18

Mols of one species to mols of another species

Answer 18

Balanced chemical equation

Question 19

Pressure to volume law

Answer 19

P1v1=P2V2

Question 20

Pressure and temperature

Answer 20

P1/T1=P2/V2

Question 21

Pressure and mols

Answer 21

P1/n1= P2/n2

Question 22

Ideal gas law

Answer 22

PV=nRT

Question 23

Universal gas law

Answer 23

P1V1/n1T1 = P2V2/n2T2

Question 24

One mol of compound

Answer 24

22.4 liters

Question 25

Mol fraction

Answer 25

1. Xa= na/ total mols

2. Xa=Pa/ P total

Question 26

Partial pressure

Answer 26

1. Pa= naRT/V

2. Pa=Xa(Ptotal)

Question 27

P total

Answer 27

1. Pa+Pb

2. (na+nb)RT/ V

Question 28

M for Urms

Answer 28

Must be in kg

Question 29

R value for kinetic energy

Answer 29

8.3145

Question 30

Rate of effusion a/ rate of effusion b

Answer 30

= Urms a/ Urms b

=amt a/ Amt b

= T b/ T a —– is inverse

=(Mb/Ma) ^ 1/2 ( square root)