Ch 4 Flashcards
What did the Seattle Longitudinal Study discover regarding people’s intelligence as they age?
It remains the same until around 67, when there is a slight drop, and then a deeper drop after 80.
What is the Flynn effect?
Societal advances have led to higher IQs
What did researchers find, regarding divided attention, when they simulated the conditions of a cocktail party that required younger and older participants to attend to stimuli from various sources?
Younger participants performed better than older when cues came from multiple speakers at once.
The __________ memory involves the passive maintenance in the short-term store.
Primary
What is a choice board designed to measure?
decision making
Studies show that older adults are more likely to avoid negative stimuli, which is known as:
positive bias
What are the first markers for cognitive change?
vision and hearing loss
About how much of IQ variance between individuals can be explained by genetics?
50%
Prospective memory is an important focus for researchers who want to ensure older adults are adhering to:
medication use
Psychologist Roger Dixon suggests we should look at cognitive changes as:
both losses and gains
Marc, an 11-year-old boy, is adept with his iPad and already knows how to program games in three different computer languages. Marc’s mother, Peggy, is 41 and grew up with less technology but spent more time outside playing. How are Marc’s and Peggy’s IQs likely to compare, considering the Flynn effect?
Marc is likely to have a higher IQ than Peggy because he can think abstractly.
Which of the following exemplifies the typical IQ changes over a person’s life according to the Seattle Longitudinal Study?
Molly had a stable IQ until she reached 68, when it began to decline.
What is a key distinction between crystallized and fluid intelligence?
Nonverbal, fluid intelligence declines earlier than verbal, crystallized intelligence.
John is an older adult with a history of falling. What is most likely to be true of John?
He will perform more poorly than younger and other older adults on visual search tasks.
Lucille’s granddaughter is planning her wedding and asks her grandmother to share stories about her own wedding. Lucille discovers she cannot recall many of the details. This situation reflects a loss of what type of memory?
episodic
Maria is looking at her calendar, stumped. She knows she has an appointment tomorrow, but cannot remember what it is. This situation is an example of a loss of which type of memory?
prospective
How do older adults compare to younger adults in terms of decision making?
Older adults make decisions more quickly than younger adults.
Martha, a 63-year-old woman, receives criticism on her annual review, suggesting that she lacks customer service skills. As an older adult, how is she most likely to respond?
She will react emotionally with hurt feelings.
After breaking up her twin sons’ fight, Mary asks her mother, Georgia, what she did when Mary and her sister argued. Georgia answers that Mary and her brother never fought and that she only remembers the children playing well. This situation is an example of:
positive bias
Studies show that when older adults are reminded of stereotypes related to forgetfulness and age, they perform worse on memory tasks. Researchers hypothesize this is due to:
awareness of stereotypes consumes working-memory capacity.
Which of the following are activities that would best delay cognitive decline?
taking classes and traveling
Based on the Netherlands study (Ponds et al., 2000), which is most likely to be true of an adult, over the age of 50, who reports significant cognitive decline:
He/she will show a similar decline on objective tests of intellectual functioning.
Jack, a 72-year-old man, takes a speed-of-processing training. As a result, he is likely to show an improved:
useful field of view
How do young adults compare to middle-aged adults in terms of decision making?
Younger adults examine all of the facts, while middle-aged adults start to consider the emotions involved.
