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Rad Protection > Ch 4 > Flashcards

Ch 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Clarence daily

A

First person to die from radiation induced cancer

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2
Q

Wonder rays

A

Early term for x rays

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3
Q

1900-1930

A

Skin erthermya dose SED
When skin looked red dose limit reached

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4
Q

1930 - 1950 dose limit

A

Tolerance dose TD
Dose limit reached any visible damage

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5
Q

1950 - 1977 dose limit

A

MPD
(Maximum permissible dose)

Dose reached without any biological effects with the use of a PMD (personal monitor devices)

Measured in REM
( radiation equivalent to man )

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6
Q

1977-1991 dose limit

A

EQD
Equivalent dose equivalent

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7
Q

1991 - present dose limit

A

Effective dose limit
EFD

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8
Q

Equivalent dose limit takes in account for

A

Absorbed dose and type of radiation

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9
Q

Effective dose limit takes in account for

A

Absorbed dose Type or radiation received Organ radio sensitivity

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10
Q

Wt

A

Tissue weighing factor

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11
Q

Wr

A

Radiation weighing factor

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12
Q

Occupational exposure

A

Rad exposure recieved by worker In the course of exercising their professional responsibilities

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13
Q

Early tissue reactions (short term somatic effects)

A

Bio effects that occur minutes, hrs, days after exposure to ionizing radiation

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14
Q

Late tissue reactions (long term somatic effects)

A

Bio effects that occur months or years after exposure to ionizing radiation

Have potential of creating genetic or hereditary effects

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15
Q

Early tissue reactions examples

A

Loss of hair Fever Intestinal disorder Blood disorders

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16
Q

Late tissue reaction example

A

Fibrosis Organ atrophy Reduced fertility Cataracts

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17
Q

Stochastic effects

A

Don’t know when or what dose this happens

Cancers

18
Q

Exposure X

A

When volume of air is radiated
Change intensity of primary beam before reaches patient
C/kg
Roentgen

19
Q

Exposure is measured by

A

Cutie pie
Ionization chamber
Test output of imaging machines

20
Q

Air KERMA

A

kinetic energy released in matter
Amount of radiation in air
Replacing exposure
Measured by cutie pie
Joule/kg
Gya

21
Q

Absorbed dose D

A

Ammount of energy per unit unit of mass absorbed into radiated object

Gyt
Rad

Responsible for bio damage in pt tissue

22
Q

Convert gray to milligray

A

Gy x 1000 = milligray

23
Q

Convert milligray to gray

A

Milligray divided by 100 = gray

24
Q

Dose area product DAP

A

Takes account for dose and field size ( pt thickness)

Expressed in mGycm2

25
Q

Differential absorption

A

3 things effects ammount of absorption in tissue

A) anatomical structures
B) mass
C) kvp

26
Q

Abosption pt dose and biological effects are ___ related

A

Directly

27
Q

Wr for xray, gamma, beta , alpha, fast acting neutrons, thermal neutrons

A

Xray, beta & gamma = 1
Thermal neutrons = 5
Alpha & fast acting neutrons = 20

28
Q

LET

A

Linear energy transfer

Amount of energy transfers on average by incident e to an object per unit length of track through the object

29
Q

LET , bio damage , and QF / Wr are ___ relationship

A

Direct

30
Q

Convert Msv to Sv

A

Msv / by 1000 = Sv

31
Q

Convert Sv to Msv

A

Sv x 1000 = Msv

32
Q

Convert Csv to Sv

A

Csv / 100 = Sv

33
Q

Convert Sv to Csv

A

Sv x 100 = Csv

34
Q

Equation for EQD

A

EQD = (d) x (Wr)

Sv = Gyt x Wr

35
Q

Efd equation

A

Efd = D x Wr x Wt

Best measurement for biological risk

36
Q

NRC ( nuclear regulatory commission) roles:

A

Controlled possession use & production of atomic energy
Enforces rad protection standards

-don’t inspect image facilities
-license users if radioactive material
-make unannounced inspections
-write standards

37
Q

Agreement states

A

States that assume responsibility of enforcing radiation protection regulations through their health departments

Have agreements with NRC

States enforce own laws more stringent

38
Q

EPA

A

Environmental protection agencies

Responsible for protections the health of human beings + for safeguarding the natural environment

Responsible for development + enforcement of radiation in environment

Main area is detection + control of radon

39
Q

FDA

A

Food & Drug administration

Regulates the design & manufacturing of electronic products, including diagnostic equipment

Inspects x ray equipment

Complies with FDA standards

40
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational safety & health administration

Functions as a monitory agency in places of employment predominantly in industry

Regulated right to know of work place hazards

Regulates training programs

41
Q

Radiation safety program

A

Rad Protection (4 decks)

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