Ch 4 Flashcards
From the 1950s until today, we have seen five basic housing types - based on the number of stories. They are the
- Ranch - 1 story
- Cape Cod - 1-1⁄2 story
- Two-story
- Split level - multi levels
- Split entry (sometimes called a split foyer, bi-level, or raised ranch) - one story with finished basement (Note: Marshall & Swift refers to this type as a “two story bi-level”)
One of the UAD protocols is that the appraiser must identify the architectural style of the subject property and comparable sales. According to the UAD protocols, “Valid descriptions include, but are not limited to xxxx. Do not use descriptors such as xxxx as these are not architectural styles.
‘Colonial,’ ‘Rambler,’ = Ranch
‘Georgian,’ Farmhouse’
‘brick,’ ‘2 stories,’ ‘average,’ ‘conventional,’ or ‘typical’
A factory-built house manufactured under the Federal Manufactured Home Construction and Safety Standards Act of 1976, commonly known as the HUD Code. defines
Manufactured Homes
Each HUD code manufactured home has xxxxx
label on the exterior of each section. This is a red, metal tag attached to the exterior siding.
A data plate (also sometimes called compliance certificate) is installed inside the home with the name of the manufacturer, list of factory installed equipment, and the roof load and insulation zones. This is a paper sticker, which unfortunately is very easy for a property owner to remove.
“A factory-built house built in compliance with a building code other than the HUD Code. This usually means that the home is constructed to the standards of the state or local building code used by the governmental unit where the house is to be located. Note that the California Factory-Built Housing Program uses the term factory-built housing (FBH) in place of the term modular home.” defines
A modular home
For xxx the appraiser must use interior perimeter unit dimensions to calculate the gross living area
units in condo or co-op projects,
Total floor area of a building, excluding unenclosed areas, measured from the exterior of the walls of the above grade area. This includes mezzanines and basements if and when typically included in the market area of the type of property involved. defines
GBA
GBA is used in measuring x properties. It is also sometimes used in measuring commercial buildings, such as office buildings.
2- to 4-unit residential
One basic item is the direction of the sun. To take advantage of the sun, the lot should ideally be sloped to the x. X is good, x is better than x, and you should avoid a x.
southeast
South
east is better than west
north slope
How to build drainage on a flat lot?
Open, above-ground swales or ditches,
or it may involve underground drainage systems
or move some dirt around for gently sloping
Soil maps are available from the xxxx. The maps show soil types superimposed over black-and-white aerial photographs of the county.
They are based on x mapping rather than site-specific soil testing, and thus are considered a guide rather than the last word.
Natural Resources Conservation Service
aerial
The drainage capacity of the soil can be a crucial factor. In percolation tests, you xxx
pour water into a hole and stand there and time how long it takes to drain away.
The results of the perc test will determine if there is xx and the size of the drain field that will be required for a x system. In some rural areas, perc tests have to be done before a xxx
suitable drainage
septic
building permit is issued.
FHA will not allow new construction in a xxx
Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA).
Some areas may have a low water table, which will mean xx and perhaps seasonal water x.
deeper wells
shortages
Drilled wells need to use xx until the drilling enters bedrock.
steel casing
There may be required distances between the well and septic system - most codes call for xxx
at least 100 feet.
When siting a home, a homeowner or developer needs to plan ahead to include areas for outdoor activities. There are three potentially separate zones to be considered:
- A private area for family activities, such as a pool, patio, deck, play areas such as swing sets, horseshoe pits, etc. This is usually in the rear yard and may be fenced in or screened with shrubbery or trees.
- A public area, usually in the front yard, which contains the guest entrance and driveway.
- A service area that allows for semi-public area for deliveries, trash removal, meter readers, fuel trucks, mail delivery, etc.
Physical Site Preparations
Clearing the site of rocks, trees
Roughly grading
Topsoil removal and saved on the side
Installing sub-base driveway for truck deliveries
Meter installation from power company (service drop)
Run water lines
install drainage ditch to evacuate any water from foundation
Legal Site Preparations
- Obtain a building permit
- Check applicable codes
o Building codes
o Fire codes - Check environmental regulations
o Wetlands
o Protected areas o Hazard areas - Check flood plain
- Curb cut permit or driveway permit (if needed)
The foundation system serves three purposes:
Anchors-protects-distributes
It distributes the weight of the building over the ground,
anchors the building to the ground, and
protects the wood in the house structure from decay and insect attack.
3 components of the Foundation System:
- The soil bed
- Footings
- Foundation wall or piers
A stable foundation system depends primarily on proper xx and good x.
footing depth
drainage
Footings typically consist of xxx. It goes without saying that they need to be x!
concrete poured inside wooden or plastic forms
level
Footings need to be at least xxx levels.
a foot below average frost penetration
The outer edge of the slab is formed up with
boards
Drains made of 4-inch perforated plastic pipe are laid xxx
outside and below the level of the footings.
The earliest foundations were made of xxx.
Today most foundations are constructed of xxx
The most common is xx, although in some areas of the country, xx may be more common.
stone (loose or mortared) and brick
poured concrete or concrete block.
poured concrete
concrete block
When poured, the concrete on the bottom of the wall flows down into a x - a slot that was created in the xxx
keyway
top of the footing when it was poured.
Long walls may need additional support from x.
pilasters
In either form of construction, xxx are installed when the wall is completed. This will be the method to attach the x to the first piece of the wooden structure, the xx
J shaped anchor bolts
masonry (Mauerwerk)
sill plates (Grundschwelle)
Girders are…
… the main support beams and are set in pockets that were formed in the top of the end walls of the foundation.
Within the last 30 to 40 years, we have seen an increased use in computer designed xx in residential applications. They have xx and allow long clear spans without xx The open web design allows xx of plumbing and wiring.
floor trusses
greater strength
girders or posts.
easy installation
