ch 4 Flashcards
the ___ produces blood cells and stores minerals
skeleton
ankyl/o
stiff joint
arthr/o, articul/o
joint
burs/o
sac
cost/o
rib
femor/o
femur
kyph/o
hump
lord/o
bent backward
oste/o
bone
ped/o
child/foot
pod/o
foot
prosthet/o
addition
spondyl/o
vetebrae
-clasia
to surgically break
-desis
to fuse
-listhesis
slipping
-porosis
porous
dis-
apart
bone marrow is the site of ___ ___ production
blood cell
Joint
where 2 bones meet; held together by ligaments
osseous tissue
bones
ossification
process in which bones are created
___ bones are longer than they are wide (ex femur and humerous)
long
____ bones are roughly as long as they are wide
short (carpals and tarsals)
The sternum, scapula, and pelvis are ___ bones
flat
Vertebrae are ____ bones
irregular
Long bone structure that widens at each end
epiphysis
central shaft of he long bone is known as
diaphysis
Each epiphysis at the end of a bone is covered by blank
articular cartilage
the remaining surface of each bone is covered by ____, a thin connective tissue membrane that contains numerous blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels.
periosteum
The dense and hard exterior surface of a bone is called
cortical or compact bone
_____ or spongy bone is found inside the bone
cancellous
The holes in cancellous/spongy bone contain
red bone marrow
the center of the diaphysis (bone shaft) contains an open canal called
medullary cavity
The medullary cavity produces ____ ___ ___ early in life and ___ ___ ___ later in life
red and yellow bone marrow
yellow bone marrow is made of
fat cells
general term for any bony projection is:
a process
Condyle
smooth rounded portion at the end of a bone
epicondyle
production located above or on a condyle
trochanter
large rough process for the attachment of a muscle
tubercle
small, rough process that provides the attachment for tendons and muscles
tuberosity
large, rough process that provides attachment for tendons and muscles
_____ is a hollow cavity within a bone
sinus
foramen
smooth, round opening for nerves and blood vessels
____ is a shallow cavity or depression on the surface of a bone
fossa
Fissure
a slit-type opening
the ____ skeleton includes the bones of the head, neck, spine, chest, and trunk of the body
axial
Cranial bones
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bone
Facial bones
lacrimal, nasal, maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, vomer, and palatine bone
Location of lacrimal bones
corner of eyes
maxilla bone location
upper jaw
zygomatic bones are also known as
cheek bones
Bones of the vertebral/spinal column from top to bottom
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
Appendicular skeleton consists of
pectoral girdle, upper extremities, pelvic girdle, and lower extremities
bones and muscles of the appendicular skeleton are responsible for
body movement
Pectoral girdle bones
scapula and clavicle
upper extremity bones from top to bottom
humerus, radius, ulna, carpus, metacarpus, phalanges
Bone/s of the pelvic girdles
ilium, ischium, and pubis
Lower extremity bones
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges
Synovial Joints (ex: ball and socket joints of hips/shoulders)
freely moving joints enclosed by an elastic joint capsule
the joint capsule is lined with
synovial membrane, which secrete synovial fluid that lubricates joints
bursa
commonly found between bones, ligaments, or tendons and work to reduce friction (elbow, knee, and shoulder joints)
Fibrous joints
no movement b/c ends of bones are joined by thick fibrous tissue
Cartilaginous Joints
allow for slight movement but hold bones firmly in place by a solid piece of cartilage
extens/o
to stretch out
fasci/o
fibrous band
flex/o
to bend
habilitat/o
ability
kinesi/o
movement
my/o
muscle
myos/o
muscle
plant/o
sole of foot
rotat/o
to revolve
vers/o
to turn
-phoresis
carrying
ab-
away from
ad-
toward
circum-
around
Visceral Muscle
smooth muscle, no striations, contracts slowly, involuntary control
Skeletal muscle
Striated muscle, contracts rapidly, voluntarily controlled
Cardiac muscle
Striated muscle, contracts rapidly, involuntary control
Myocardium
cardiac muscle
abduction
movement away from midline of body
adduction
movement toward midline of body
flexion
act of bending or being bent
