Ch 2 Review Flashcards
the body as a whole is composed of ______, a _____ is composed of organs, an organ is composed of ____, and. tissues are composed of _____.
Systems; System; tissue; cells
The major body structural levels from smallest to largest are:
cells, tissues, organs, systems, body
anter/o
front
brachi/o
arm
caud/o
tail
cervic/o
neck
chondr/o
cartilage
crin/o
to secrete
crur/o
leg
dist/o
away from
dors/o
back
infer/o
below
lingu/o
tongue
pariet/o
cavity wall
ped/o
foot
Tissues
group of identical cells working together
____ are composed of two or types of tissues
organs
poster/o
back
proct/o
rectum and anus
proxim/o
near to
pub/o
genital region
pulmon/o
lung
super/o
above
thorac/o
chest
ventr/o
belly
viscer/o
internal organ
Muscular Tissue
produces movement in the body through contraction and is composed of muscle fibers
Muscular tissue can form these 3 basic types of muscles:
skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, or cardiac muscle
Skeletal muscles attach to ____
bone
Internal organs such as intestine, uterus, and blood vessels, contain ____ muscle.
smooth
Epithelial tissue
- AKA epithelium
- found through out the body and is composed of close-packed cells that form the covering for and lining of body structures
- form a protective barrier
both the top layer of skin and the lining of the stomach are _____ tissue
epithelial tissue
specialized epithelial tissue can do 3 things:
- absorb substances like nutrients from the intestine
- secrete substances (such as sweat glands)
- excrete wastes (such as kidney tubules)
Nervous tissue in found in the ___
brain
The epidermis layer of skin is made of ___ tissue
epithelial
adipose layer of skin is made of ____ tissue
connective
the lining of the colon is made of ____ tissue
epithelial tissue
Tendons, cartilage, and bones are made of ____ tissue
connective
smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and skeletal muscles are all made of ____ ____
muscular tissue
Connective tissue
- supporting and protecting tissue of the body structures
- performs different functions depending on its location
____ is the shock absorber in joints
cartilage
____ connect skeletal muscles to bones
tendons
_____ provides protective padding around body structures
adipose (a connective tissue)
Nervous tissue is made up of ___
neurons
Nervous tissue forms the _____, _____, and a network of ____ throughout the entire body.
brain, spinal cord and network of nerves
all cells have
cytoplasm, cell membrane, and nucleus
Integumentary system function
forms protective two-way barrier and aids in temperature regulation
Integumentary system structures
skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
Integumentary system - medical specialties:
dermatology and plastic surgery
Musculoskeletal System - Function:
Skeleton supports and protects body, forms blood cells, stores minerals, and muscles produce movement
Musculoskeletal System - Structures:
joints, bones, muscles
Musculoskeletal System - Medical specialties:
- orthopedics
- orthopedic surgery
- rheumatology
Cardiovascular System - Function:
Pumps blood throughout the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes
Cardiovascular System - Structures:
heart, arteries, veins
Blood (hematic) System - Functions:
transport oxygen, protect against pathogens, controls bleeding
Blood (hematic) System - Structures:
plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
Study of blood
hematology
Lymphatic System - Functions:
protects body from disease and invasion from pathogens
Lymphatic System - Structures:
lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils
Immunology (medical specialty) goes with which body system?
Lymphatic System
Respiratory System - Functions:
Obtains oxygen from environment and removes carbon dioxide from the body
Respiratory System - Structures:
Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx. trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs
Respiratory System - Medical Specialties:
ENT doctor, pulmonology, thoracic surgery
Digestive/Gastrointestinal System - Function:
Ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body
Digestive/Gastrointestinal System - Structures:
oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands
Proctology
study of rectum and anus
Urinary System - Function:
filters waste products out of blood and removes them from the body
Urinary system - structures:
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Function of endocrine system
regulates metabolic activities of the body
Frontal/Coronal Plane
splits body into front and back portions
Abdominal Region
abdomen; on anterior side of trunk
Brachial Regions
upper extremities/arms
Cervical Region
Neck
Crural region
legs/lower extremeties
Dorsum
back; on posterior side of trunk
Trunk
- AKA torso
- all body regions other than head, neck and extremities
Cranial Cavity
- dorsal cavity
- contains brain
Spinal cavity
- dorsal cavity
- contains spinal cord
Thoracic Cavity
- ventral cavity
- made up of the pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, and mediastinum
Pleural cavity
- part of thoracic cavity
- contains lungs
Pericardial cavity
- part of thoracic cavity
- contains heart
Mediastinum
In the thoracic cavity, contains heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, and aorta
Abdominopelvic Cavities
- abdominal cavity
- pelvic cavity
- ventral cavity
Pleura =
- name of the 2 layer membrane in the thoracic cavity
- outer layer = parietal pleura
- inner layer = visceral pleura
Peritoneum =
- nome of the 2 layer membrane in the abdominopelvic cavity
- outer = parietal peritoneum
- inner = visceral peritoneum
Layers of the skin in order
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer
