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Medical Terminology Final > Ch 2 Review > Flashcards

Ch 2 Review Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

the body as a whole is composed of ______, a _____ is composed of organs, an organ is composed of ____, and. tissues are composed of _____.

A

Systems; System; tissue; cells

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2
Q

The major body structural levels from smallest to largest are:

A

cells, tissues, organs, systems, body

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3
Q

anter/o

A

front

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4
Q

brachi/o

A

arm

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5
Q

caud/o

A

tail

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6
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

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7
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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8
Q

crin/o

A

to secrete

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9
Q

crur/o

A

leg

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10
Q

dist/o

A

away from

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11
Q

dors/o

A

back

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12
Q

infer/o

A

below

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13
Q

lingu/o

A

tongue

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14
Q

pariet/o

A

cavity wall

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15
Q

ped/o

A

foot

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16
Q

Tissues

A

group of identical cells working together

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17
Q

____ are composed of two or types of tissues

A

organs

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18
Q

poster/o

A

back

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19
Q

proct/o

A

rectum and anus

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20
Q

proxim/o

A

near to

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21
Q

pub/o

A

genital region

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22
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

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23
Q

super/o

A

above

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24
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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25
Q

ventr/o

A

belly

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26
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organ

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27
Q

Muscular Tissue

A

produces movement in the body through contraction and is composed of muscle fibers

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28
Q

Muscular tissue can form these 3 basic types of muscles:

A

skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, or cardiac muscle

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29
Q

Skeletal muscles attach to ____

A

bone

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30
Q

Internal organs such as intestine, uterus, and blood vessels, contain ____ muscle.

A

smooth

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31
Q

Epithelial tissue

A
  • AKA epithelium
  • found through out the body and is composed of close-packed cells that form the covering for and lining of body structures
  • form a protective barrier
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32
Q

both the top layer of skin and the lining of the stomach are _____ tissue

A

epithelial tissue

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33
Q

specialized epithelial tissue can do 3 things:

A
  • absorb substances like nutrients from the intestine
  • secrete substances (such as sweat glands)
  • excrete wastes (such as kidney tubules)
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34
Q

Nervous tissue in found in the ___

A

brain

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35
Q

The epidermis layer of skin is made of ___ tissue

A

epithelial

36
Q

adipose layer of skin is made of ____ tissue

A

connective

37
Q

the lining of the colon is made of ____ tissue

A

epithelial tissue

38
Q

Tendons, cartilage, and bones are made of ____ tissue

A

connective

39
Q

smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and skeletal muscles are all made of ____ ____

A

muscular tissue

40
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • supporting and protecting tissue of the body structures

- performs different functions depending on its location

41
Q

____ is the shock absorber in joints

A

cartilage

42
Q

____ connect skeletal muscles to bones

A

tendons

43
Q

_____ provides protective padding around body structures

A

adipose (a connective tissue)

44
Q

Nervous tissue is made up of ___

A

neurons

45
Q

Nervous tissue forms the _____, _____, and a network of ____ throughout the entire body.

A

brain, spinal cord and network of nerves

46
Q

all cells have

A

cytoplasm, cell membrane, and nucleus

47
Q

Integumentary system function

A

forms protective two-way barrier and aids in temperature regulation

48
Q

Integumentary system structures

A

skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

49
Q

Integumentary system - medical specialties:

A

dermatology and plastic surgery

50
Q

Musculoskeletal System - Function:

A

Skeleton supports and protects body, forms blood cells, stores minerals, and muscles produce movement

51
Q

Musculoskeletal System - Structures:

A

joints, bones, muscles

52
Q

Musculoskeletal System - Medical specialties:

A
  • orthopedics
  • orthopedic surgery
  • rheumatology
53
Q

Cardiovascular System - Function:

A

Pumps blood throughout the entire body to transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes

54
Q

Cardiovascular System - Structures:

A

heart, arteries, veins

55
Q

Blood (hematic) System - Functions:

A

transport oxygen, protect against pathogens, controls bleeding

56
Q

Blood (hematic) System - Structures:

A

plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

57
Q

Study of blood

A

hematology

58
Q

Lymphatic System - Functions:

A

protects body from disease and invasion from pathogens

59
Q

Lymphatic System - Structures:

A

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils

60
Q

Immunology (medical specialty) goes with which body system?

A

Lymphatic System

61
Q

Respiratory System - Functions:

A

Obtains oxygen from environment and removes carbon dioxide from the body

62
Q

Respiratory System - Structures:

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx. trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs

63
Q

Respiratory System - Medical Specialties:

A

ENT doctor, pulmonology, thoracic surgery

64
Q

Digestive/Gastrointestinal System - Function:

A

Ingests, digests, and absorbs nutrients for the body

65
Q

Digestive/Gastrointestinal System - Structures:

A

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, salivary glands

66
Q

Proctology

A

study of rectum and anus

67
Q

Urinary System - Function:

A

filters waste products out of blood and removes them from the body

68
Q

Urinary system - structures:

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

69
Q

Function of endocrine system

A

regulates metabolic activities of the body

70
Q

Frontal/Coronal Plane

A

splits body into front and back portions

71
Q

Abdominal Region

A

abdomen; on anterior side of trunk

72
Q

Brachial Regions

A

upper extremities/arms

73
Q

Cervical Region

A

Neck

74
Q

Crural region

A

legs/lower extremeties

75
Q

Dorsum

A

back; on posterior side of trunk

76
Q

Trunk

A
  • AKA torso

- all body regions other than head, neck and extremities

77
Q

Cranial Cavity

A
  • dorsal cavity

- contains brain

78
Q

Spinal cavity

A
  • dorsal cavity

- contains spinal cord

79
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A
  • ventral cavity

- made up of the pleural cavity, pericardial cavity, and mediastinum

80
Q

Pleural cavity

A
  • part of thoracic cavity

- contains lungs

81
Q

Pericardial cavity

A
  • part of thoracic cavity

- contains heart

82
Q

Mediastinum

A

In the thoracic cavity, contains heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, and aorta

83
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavities

A
  • abdominal cavity
  • pelvic cavity
  • ventral cavity
84
Q

Pleura =

A
  • name of the 2 layer membrane in the thoracic cavity
  • outer layer = parietal pleura
  • inner layer = visceral pleura
85
Q

Peritoneum =

A
  • nome of the 2 layer membrane in the abdominopelvic cavity
  • outer = parietal peritoneum
  • inner = visceral peritoneum
86
Q

Layers of the skin in order

A

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer

Medical Terminology Final (4 decks)

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