Ch 37 Reproduction in Flowering Plants and Ch 38 Plant Growth and Development

Question 1

– functions in sexual reproduction
– 4 whorls of organs: 1) sepals, 2) petals, 3) stamens, 4) carpels
– flowers may contain all four whorls (complete)
– or only some of the whorls (incomplete)
– all flowers must at least have stamens or carpels

Answer 1

Flowers

Question 2

4 whorls of organs

Answer 2

1) sepals, 2) petals, 3) stamens, 4) carpels

Question 3

Flower Parts

Answer 3

Peduncle, Receptacle, Sepals (calyx), Petals (corolla), Stamens, Carpel, and Pistil

Question 4

– stalk of a flower

Answer 4

Peduncle

Question 5

– end of flower stalk where flower parts are attached

Answer 5

Receptacle

Question 6

– cover and protect flower parts in bud

Answer 6

Sepals (calyx)

Question 7

– usually attract animal pollinators to flower

Answer 7

Petals (corolla)

Question 8

– male reproductive unit

– produce pollen grains

Answer 8

Stamen

Question 9

Stamen consists of

Answer 9

– a thin stalk (filament)
– attached to a saclike structure (anther)
– anther: contains 4 microsporangia

Question 10

– female reproductive unit (produces seeds)

Answer 10

Carpel

Question 11

– a single carpel or group of fused carpels

Answer 11

Pistil

Question 12

Pistil 3 sections

Answer 12

– stigma: where pollen grains land
– style: through which pollen tube grows
– ovary: containing one or more ovules

Question 13

contains the megasporangium

Answer 13

Ovule

Question 14

The female and male gametophytes of angiosperms are microscopic and nutritionally dependent on the sporophyte plant.

Answer 14

Gametophyte Generations

Question 15

The gametophytes are produced in

Answer 15

Flowers

Question 16

• the transfer of pollen from the male parts to the female parts
• not to be confused with fertilization (fusion of gametes)

Answer 16

Pollination

Question 17

flowers generally scented, yellow or blue

Answer 17

Insects

Question 18

flowers yellow to red

• no strong scent, often tubular

Answer 18

Birds

Question 19

scented

• flowers with white or light colored petals

Answer 19

Bats

Question 20

large amounts of pollen, no scent or nectar
• smaller petals or no petals
• cause of pollen allergies

Answer 20

Wind

Question 21

• Thought to have resulted from close ecological relationships during the evolution of these two species
• Much of the diversity within the angiosperms is thought to be related to specialized pollination relationships with animals.

Answer 21

Additional specialization
• Example: Woodcock Orchid
– Mimics bees

Question 22

is fusion of gametes in all eukaryotes

Answer 22

Fertilization

Question 23

derived characteristic of flowering plants (angiosperms)

Answer 23

Double Fertilization

Question 24

results in
– diploid zygote
– triploid endosperm
– allows initiation of food storage to be tied to embryo development
– Some gymnosperms undergo double fertilization but 2 zygotes are formed with only 1 surviving

Answer 24

Double Fertilization

Question 25

have potential to develop into seeds

Answer 25

Ovules

Question 26

have potential to develop into fruits

Answer 26

Ovaries

Question 27

enclosed within fruits (mature ovaries)

Answer 27

Seeds

Question 28

mature, ripened ovaries

Answer 28

Fruits

Question 29

Fruits provide protection for _____ and often aid in _____

Answer 29

Seeds | dispersal

Question 30

Develop from a single ovary | – one carpel or several fused carpels

Answer 30

Simple Fruit

Question 31

response (usually by growth) to a directional environmental stimulus

Answer 31

Tropism

Question 32

irreversible increase in size, resulting from cell division and/or expansion

Answer 32

Growth

Question 33

response whose direction is independent of the direction of the stimulus.

Answer 33

Nastic movement

Question 34

pigment- | containing proteins that allow plants to sense light by initiating biochemical responses.

Answer 34

Photoreceptors

Question 35

Plants are able to detect a wide variety of stimuli including

Answer 35

temperature, moisture, gravity, and touch

Question 36

Much of the environmental information used by plants is obtained from

Answer 36

Exposure to light

Question 37

organic molecules that function as chemical signals between cells.

Answer 37

Hormones

Question 38

Plant hormone characteristics

Answer 38

- Elicit responses that regulate growth and development. - Function at very low concentrations. - Unlike in animals, most plant hormones are simple molecules, not steroids.

Question 39

Study of plant hormones is challenging:

Answer 39

effects of different hormones overlap

Question 40

promote cell elongation and apical dominance

Answer 40

Auxins

Question 41

promote cell division and differentiation

Answer 41

Cytokinins

Question 42

Induce cell division in tissue culture

Answer 42

– cells grown isolated from plants

Question 43

root development

Answer 43

Low cytokinin/auxin

Question 44

undifferentiated | - (callus: totipotent cells)

Answer 44

Moderate cytokinin/auxin

Question 45

shoot development

Answer 45

High cytokinin/auxin