ch. 37

Question 1

thick middle muscle layer of the heart; pumps blood through the circulatory system

Answer 1

myocardium

Question 2

upper chamber of the heart that receives and holds blood that is about to enter the ventricle

Answer 2

atrium

Question 3

lower chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart

Answer 3

ventricle

Question 4

pathway of circulation between the heart and the lungs

Answer 4

pulmonary circulation

Question 5

pathway of circulation between the heart and the rest of the body except the lungs

Answer 5

systemic circulation

Question 6

flap of connective tissue between the atrium and a ventricle, or in a vein, that prevents backflow of blood

Answer 6

valve

Question 7

small group of cardiac muscle cells in the right atrium that “set the pace” for the heart as a whole; also known as the sinoatrial node

Answer 7

pacemaker

Question 8

large blood vessel in mammals through which blood travels after it leaves the left ventricle

Answer 8

aorta

Question 9

large blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues of the body

Answer 9

artery

Question 10

smallest blood vessel; brings nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and absorbs carbon dioxide and waste products

Answer 10

capillary

Question 11

a blood vessel that returns blood to the heart

Answer 11

vein

Question 12

condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up in the inner walls of the arteries

Answer 12

atherosclerosis

Question 13

straw-colored fluid that makes up about 55 percent of blood

Answer 13

plasma

Question 14

iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body

Answer 14

hemoglobin

Question 15

type of white blood cell that produces antibodies that help destroy pathogens

Answer 15

lymphocyte

Question 16

cell fragment released by bone marrow that helps in blood clotting

Answer 16

platelet

Question 17

fluid lost by the blood into surrounding tissue

Answer 17

lymph

Question 18

muscular tube at the end of the gastrovascular captivity, or throat, that connects the mouth with the rest of the digestive tract and serves as a passageway for air and food

Answer 18

pharynx

Question 19

windpipe; tube through which air moves

Answer 19

trachea

Question 20

structure in the throat containing the vocal cords

Answer 20

larynx

Question 21

passageway leading from the trachea to a lung

Answer 21

bronchus

Question 22

tiny air sac at the end of a bronchiole in the lungs that provides surface area for gas exchange to occur

Answer 22

alveolus

Question 23

large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing

Answer 23

diaphragm

Question 24

stimulant drug in tobacco that increases heart rate and blood pressure

Answer 24

nicotine

Question 25

disease in which the tissues of the lungs lose elasticity, making breathing difficult

Answer 25

emphysema