ch. 35

Question 1

cell that is uniquely suited to performing a particular function

Answer 1

specialized cell

Question 2

tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines internal organs

Answer 2

epithelial tissue

Question 3

tissue that holds organs in place and binds different parts of the body together

Answer 3

connective tissue

Question 4

tissue that receives messages from the body’s external and internal environment, analyzes the data, and directs the response

Answer 4

nervous tissue

Question 5

tissue that controls the internal movement of materials in the body, as well as external movement

Answer 5

muscle tissue

Question 6

process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment

Answer 6

homeostasis

Question 7

process in which the product or result stops or limits the process

Answer 7

feedback inhibition

Question 8

cell that carries a message throughout the nervous system

Answer 8

neuron

Question 9

largest part of a typical neuron; contains nucleus and much of the cytoplasm

Answer 9

cell body

Question 10

extension of the cell body of a neuron that carries impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the cell body

Answer 10

dendrite

Question 11

long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron

Answer 11

axon

Question 12

insulating membrane surrounding the axon in some neurons

Answer 12

myelin sheath

Question 13

electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron

Answer 13

resting potential

Question 14

reversal of charges across the cell membrane of a neuron; also called a nerve impulse

Answer 14

action potential

Question 15

minimum level of a stimulus required to activate a neuron

Answer 15

threshold

Question 16

location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell

Answer 16

synapse

Question 17

chemical used by a neuron to transmit another impulse across a synapse to another cell

Answer 17

neurotransmitter

Question 18

three layers of connective tissue in which the brain and spinal cord are wrapped

Answer 18

meninges

Question 19

fluid in the space between the meninges that act as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system

Answer 19

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 20

area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body

Answer 20

cerebrum

Question 21

region of the brain that coordinates body movements

Answer 21

cerebellum

Question 22

structure that connects the brain and the spinal cord; includes the medulla oblongata and the pons

Answer 22

brain stem

Question 23

brain structure that receives messages from the sense organs and relays the information to the proper region of the cerebrum for further processing

Answer 23

thalamus

Question 24

brain structure that acts as a control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature

Answer 24

hypothalamus

Question 25

quick automatic response to a stimulus

Answer 25

reflex

Question 26

sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, and effector that are involved in a quick response to a stimulus

Answer 26

reflex arc