ch. 35 Flashcards
cell that is uniquely suited to performing a particular function
specialized cell
tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines internal organs
epithelial tissue
tissue that holds organs in place and binds different parts of the body together
connective tissue
tissue that receives messages from the body’s external and internal environment, analyzes the data, and directs the response
nervous tissue
tissue that controls the internal movement of materials in the body, as well as external movement
muscle tissue
process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment
homeostasis
process in which the product or result stops or limits the process
feedback inhibition
cell that carries a message throughout the nervous system
neuron
largest part of a typical neuron; contains nucleus and much of the cytoplasm
cell body
extension of the cell body of a neuron that carries impulses from the environment or from other neurons toward the cell body
dendrite
long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron
axon
insulating membrane surrounding the axon in some neurons
myelin sheath
electrical charge across the cell membrane of a resting neuron
resting potential
reversal of charges across the cell membrane of a neuron; also called a nerve impulse
action potential
minimum level of a stimulus required to activate a neuron
threshold
location at which a neuron can transfer an impulse to another cell
synapse
chemical used by a neuron to transmit another impulse across a synapse to another cell
neurotransmitter
three layers of connective tissue in which the brain and spinal cord are wrapped
meninges
fluid in the space between the meninges that act as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system
cerebrospinal fluid
area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body
cerebrum
region of the brain that coordinates body movements
cerebellum
structure that connects the brain and the spinal cord; includes the medulla oblongata and the pons
brain stem
brain structure that receives messages from the sense organs and relays the information to the proper region of the cerebrum for further processing
thalamus
brain structure that acts as a control center for recognition and analysis of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger, and body temperature
hypothalamus
quick automatic response to a stimulus
reflex
sensory receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, and effector that are involved in a quick response to a stimulus
reflex arc
