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Exposure > Ch. 36 Fluoroscopy (Exp II) > Flashcards

Ch. 36 Fluoroscopy (Exp II) Flashcards

1
Q

Fluoroscopy is a _______ x-ray examination

A

Dynamic, real-time

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2
Q

Fluoroscopy is the domain of the _______

A

Radiologist

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3
Q

Fluoroscopy is commonly used for observation of…

A
  • Cardiovascular structures
  • Surgical procedures
  • The GI tract
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4
Q

The fluoroscopic X-ray tube and image receptor are mounted _______

A

Coincident to each other

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5
Q

The fluoroscopic carriage commonly supports the _______

A
  • IR
  • Power-assist drive controls
  • Digital spot film selector
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6
Q

Fluoroscopic mA range is commonly _______

A

0.5-5 mA

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7
Q

During fluoroscopy, the SOD on a fixed unit cannot be less than _______ inches.

A

15

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8
Q

During fluoroscopic image intensification, the primary x-ray beam exits the patient and strokes the _______ of the image intensifier.

A

Input screen

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9
Q

The input screen absorbs _______ and emits _______.

A

X-ray photons; light photons

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10
Q

The photocathode absorbs _______ and emits _______.

A

Light photons; electrons

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11
Q

Electrostatic lenses are used to accelerate and focus _______.

A

Electrons

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12
Q

The primary _______ occurs from the acceleration and focusing of the electron beam.

A

Brightness gain

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13
Q

The output screen absorbs _______ and emits _______.

A

Electrons; light photons

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14
Q

The input screen is _______ in shape.

A

Concave

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15
Q

The shape of the input screen helps to control _______.

A

Distortion

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16
Q

The photocathode is composed of _______ metals.

A

Photoemissive

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17
Q

Photoemissive materials absorb _______ and emit _______.

A

Light photons; electrons

18
Q

Electrostatic lenses are actually _______

A

Charged electrodes

19
Q

The greater the voltage supplied to the electrostatic lenses, the _______ the acceleration and the _______ the focal point to the input screen.

A

Greater; closer

20
Q

Total brightness gain is…

A
  • A measure of the increase in image intensity
  • Determined by minification gain
  • Determined by flux gain
21
Q

Fluoroscopic resolution with image intensification will vary according to…

A
  • Minification gain
  • Electrostatic focal point
  • Input and output screen diameter
22
Q

The edge distortion problem in image intensification tubes is called _______.

A

Vignetting

23
Q

The most common solution for quantum mottle is to _______.

A

Increase the fluoro tube mA

24
Q

The most commonly used fluoroscopic viewing system is _______.

A

Real-time video monitors

25
Q

Cassette-based spot filming has been replaced by _______.

A

Digital photo spots

26
Q

Digitization of he fluoroscopic image permits…

A
  • Image post processing
  • Transfer via PACS
  • Electronic archival
27
Q

Digital fluoro pixels are between _______ micrometers.

A

200 and 300

28
Q

Flat panel digital detectors used for fluoroscopy use…

A
  • Amorphous silicon as the digital detector
  • A cesium iodide scintillator
  • TFT technology
29
Q

In order to reduce visible noise using digital fluoroscopic detectors, _______

A

Pixels are binned

30
Q

All of the following are common post processing features with digital fluoroscopy except…

A. Last image hold (LIH)
B. Digital subtraction
C. Window level and width
D. Edge enhancement

A

A. Last image hold (LIH)

31
Q

During fluoroscopy, the principal source of radiation exposure to personnel in the room is the _______.

A

Patient

32
Q

In a fluoroscopy system, the X-ray tube and IR must be interlocked in order to enable fluoroscopy. This classifies the IR as the _______.

A

Primary barrier

33
Q

All of the following are true of the fluoroscopic lead apron drape except:

A. It should be 0.25 mm Pb equivalent
B. It is designed to absorb a large percentage of patient scatter
C. It covers the Bucky slot in the table
D. It may detach for specific cases

A

C. It covers the Bucky slot in the table

34
Q

Methods to reduce fluoroscopic radiation exposure include:

A
  • Automatic Brightness Control
  • Bucky tray slot cover
  • Fluoroscopic lead apron drape
  • Dead-man type fluoroscopy switch
  • Last Image Hold (LIH)
  • Decrease the IOD
35
Q

Digital fluoroscopy is typically…

A
  • A progressive, pulsed fluoroscopic exposure
  • capable of producing highly contrast images
  • Capable of 256 shades of gray through 8-bit processing
36
Q

_______ deals with the gain resulting from the conversion of light at the output phosphor.

A

Flux gain

37
Q

Mobile fluoroscopic systems are different from fixed systems in that they…

A

Have a minimum SOD of 12 inches

38
Q

When using automatic brightness control (ABC), it is important to remember that

A

A dark video image indicates photon starvation to the receptor

39
Q

Digital fluoroscopy typically…

A
  • Uses pulsed x-ray exposures timed with the detector
  • Uses indirect detector technology with thin film transistors (TFT)
  • Provides resolution of 1-2 lp/mm
40
Q

The fluoroscopic X-ray tube is different from a radiographic tube in that the fluoro tube…

A

Cannot have an SOD of less than 15 inches

Exposure (17 decks)

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