CH #35: Rest & Sleep

Question 1

rhythm that completes a full cycle every 24-hours; synonym for diurnal rhythm

Answer 1

circadian rhythms

Question 2

involuntary urination; most often used to refer to a child who involuntarily urinates during the night

Answer 2

enuresis

Question 3

condition characterized by excessive sleeping, especially daytime sleeping

Answer 3

hypersomnia

Question 4

difficulty in falling asleep, intermittent sleep, or early awakening from sleep

Answer 4

insomnia

Question 5

a natural chemical produced at night that decreases wakefulness and promotes sleep

Answer 5

melatonin

Question 6

condition characterized by an uncontrolled desire to sleep

Answer 6

narcolepsy

Question 7

characterizes 4-stages of sleep
- comprises about 75-80% of total sleep
- stage I & II: 5-50% & person can be aroused with relative ease
- stage III & IV: 10% in deep-sleep states (delta or slow-wave sleep)

Answer 7

non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep

Question 8

state of altered consciousness throughout which varying degrees of stimuli preclude wakefulness

Answer 8

sleep

Question 9

in adults, 5 or more predominantly obstructive respiratory events (the absence of breathing [apnea], or diminished breathing efforts [hypopnea], or respiratory effort-related arousals) during sleep, accompanied by sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, snoring, subjective nocturnal respiratory disturbance, or observed apnea and associated health disorders (HTN, coronary artery disease, atrial-fibrillation, congestive HF, stroke, diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, or mood disorder)

Answer 9

obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Question 10

patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep (e.g., sleep walking, talking, or nocturnal erections)

Answer 10

parasomnias

Question 11

stage that constitutes 20-25% of a person’s nightly sleep; person is difficult to arouse during this stage

Answer 11

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Question 12

condition in which the body is in a decreased state of activity, with the consequent feeling of being refreshed

Answer 12

rest

Question 13

a condition in which patients are unable to lie still and report experiencing unpleasant creeping, crawling, or tingling sensations in the legs

Answer 13

restless leg syndrome (RLS)

Question 14

passage through the 4 stages of NREM sleep (I, II, III, IV), then reversal (IV, III, II), and finally, instead of reentering stage I and awakening, entering REM sleep and returning to stage II

Answer 14

sleep cycle

Question 15

a decrease in the amount, consistency, and quality of sleep; results from decreased REM or NREM sleep

Answer 15

sleep deprivation

Question 16

nonpharmacologic recommendations such as reviewing and changing lifestyles and environment that help an individual get a better night’s sleep

Answer 16

sleep hygiene

Question 17

sleepwalking

Answer 17

somnambulism

Question 18

condition where a person grinds, clenches, or gnashes his or her teeth

Answer 18

bruxism

Question 19

delivers positive air pressure that holds the airway open

Answer 19

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Question 20

adjusts the air pressure delivered, providing more pressure when the Pt inhales and less when the Pt exhales

Answer 20

bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP)

Question 21

excessive daytime sleepiness

Answer 21

hypersomnolence