Ch. 35 & 36 Culture

Question 1

ditch in latin

Answer 1

fossa

Question 2

mound in latin

Answer 2

agger

Question 3

rampart in latin

Answer 3

vallum

Question 4

Typical daily distance covered by a Roman Army on the march

Answer 4

15-20 miles

Question 5

Greater distances up to ____ or _____ miles could be covered on a forced march (what is forced march in latin?)

Answer 5

25, 30, iter magnum

Question 6

general’s tent in latin

Answer 6

praetorium

Question 7

What were the quarters called next to the general’s tent and what did they store?

Answer 7

quaestorium (of the paymaster): hostages, prisoners, booty

Question 8

earthworks in latin

Answer 8

agger

Question 9

battering ram and purpose

Answer 9

aries (for beating down walls)

Question 10

wall hooks

Answer 10

falces, murales (for dislodging masonry)

Question 11

torsion siege engines

Answer 11

tormenta

Question 12

weapon for shooting large arrows or darts

Answer 12

catapulta

Question 13

a catapult for shooting smaller arrows

Answer 13

scorpio

Question 14

weapon for casting stones

Answer 14

ballista

Question 15

2nd weapon for casting stones

Answer 15

onager

Question 16

tortoise formation/interlocked shields

Answer 16

testudo

Question 17

movable towers, carrying soldiers up near a wall to a siege embankment

Answer 17

turres ambulatoriae

Question 18

ladders or scaling a wall

Answer 18

scalae

Question 19

open space on one side of general’s tent

Answer 19

forum

Question 20

roman citizens between the ages of ____ and ___ were subject to draft in the roman military

Answer 20

17 and 45

Question 21

the right to command an army

Answer 21

imperium

Question 22

who held the right to command an army

Answer 22

senior magistrates/imperator

Question 23

head, “liutenant” of a legion

Answer 23

legatus

Question 24

six aids to the liutenant, usually high born

Answer 24

tribuni

Question 25

centurion

Answer 25

centurio

Question 26

highly valued award granted to roman solider: civic crown (in latin). how to get?

Answer 26

corona civica, save a roman citizen’s life in battle

Question 27

camp

Answer 27

castra

Question 28

centurion of first cohort known as first javelin (in latin)

Answer 28

primus pilus

Question 29

legion, largest unit

Answer 29

legio (3600-6200 soldiers)

Question 30

how many cohorts was legion divided into?

Answer 30

10 cohorts of 360 men

Question 31

century (in latin)

Answer 31

centuria (each cohort divided into 6 centuries of 60 men)

Question 32

what did the signifer do?

Answer 32

carried the legion’s standards (signa) into battle

Question 33

first cohorts had fewer soldiers than other nine because…

Answer 33

it had non-combatants like clerks and tradesmen

Question 34

centurion’s second in command

Answer 34

optio

Question 35

keeper of the watch-word necessary for entering the roman camp

Answer 35

tesserarius

Question 36

soldier’s pack

Answer 36

sarcinam

Question 37

shield

Answer 37

scutum

Question 38

spear

Answer 38

hasta

Question 39

dagger

Answer 39

pugio

Question 40

sword

Answer 40

gladius

Question 41

metal greave/shin guard for right leg

Answer 41

ocrea

Question 42

javelin

Answer 42

pilum (snapped on impact)

Question 43

helmet of leather, later metal

Answer 43

galea