Ch. 33

Question 1

What are the 3 essentials functions of the kidney?

Answer 1

1. Regulation of electrolyte balance,a cid-base balance, and body’s fluid status.
2. Removal of metabolic waste and toxins (urea, creatinine, uric acid, Hb breakdown products, metabolites of hormones) and excretion of then through urine.
3. Produce or activate hormones involved in erythrongenesis, Ca2+ metabolism, and the regulation of blood pressure and blood flow..

Question 2

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 2

Nephron

Question 3

How many nephron are in 1 kidney?

Answer 3

1 million

Question 4

Describe the shape and location of the kidney.

Answer 4

Paired, bean-shaped structures located behind peritoneum on each side of vertebra.

Question 5

Each kidney is covered by ____.

Answer 5

Fibrous capsule

Question 6

What 3 areas of the kidney are a part of the Hilus?

Answer 6

1. Renal sinus
2. Renal pelvis
3. Major and minor calyces

Question 7

True or False: The cortex is granular?

Answer 7

True.

Question 8

True or False: The medulla is striated.

Answer 8

True.

Question 9

Renal pyramids are located in the medulla of the kidney. How many pyramids are in each kidney?

Answer 9

8-18

Question 10

Where does the medulla end?

Answer 10

The medulla terminates in the renal pyramids.

Question 11

Describe how urine flows in the kidney.

Answer 11

Urine flows into minor calyces through perforations at the tip of each pyramid

Question 12

Name the unique vascular elements of the kidney.

Answer 12

1. High resistance arteriole (afferent)
2. High pressure glomerular capillary network for filtration
3. High resistance arteriole (efferent)
4. Low pressure capillary networks that surround renal tubules

Question 13

The kidney only makes up 0.5% of the body’s weight. How much of the cardiac output does it receive?

Answer 13

20%

Question 14

True or False: The kidney receives low blood flow?

Answer 14

False. The kidney receives very high blood flow.

Question 15

Describe the branching pathway of renal arteries in the cortex.

Answer 15

Interlobular arteries give rise to afferent arterioles –> give rise to glomerular arterioles

Question 16

Describe the flow pathway within the cortex.

Answer 16

High resistant afferent arterioles –> high pressure glomerular capillary bed –> high resistant efferent arteriole followed by low-pressure capillary network

Question 17

Efferent arterioles form a peritubular capillary network. What function does this serve?

Answer 17

Supplies oxygen and nutrients to tubules in the cortex.