Ch. 18

Question 1

What is the average blood volume in humans?

Answer 1

70 mL per kg of body weight

Question 2

What is the between plasma and serum?

Answer 2

Serum lacks fibrinogen and other coagulation factors

Question 3

What is the normal amount of hematocrit in men vs women?

Answer 3

Women: 38-42%

Men: 40-44%

Question 4

Calculate Hematocrit

Answer 4

Hematocrit = height of RBCs/ total height

Question 5

What is the source of most blood cells?

Answer 5

Bone Marrow

Question 6

What cells are produced from megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitor cells?

Answer 6

Megakaryocyte, platelets, and RBCs

Question 7

What is necessary for the production of RBCs?

Answer 7

EPO

Question 8

What is necessary for the production of platelets?

Answer 8

TPO and IL11 are required to produce megakaryocytes, which produce platelets

Question 9

How does renal failure effect RBC development?

Answer 9

JG (which senses oxygen) does not function, so EPO levels don’t rise correctly in response to low O2 levels; results in anemia

Question 10

Coagulation

Answer 10

the cessation of bleeding

Question 11

Anticoagulation

Answer 11

limiting the extent of coagulation so you don’t get blood clots

Question 12

Fibrinolysis

Answer 12

clot lysis

Question 13

What are the 4 methods by which hemostasis can be achieved?

Answer 13

1. Vasoconstriction
2. Increased tissue pressure
3. Formation of a platelet plug in the case of capillary bleeding
4. Coagulation or clot formation

Question 14

What are the 3 A’s of Platelet Function?

Answer 14

Adhesion
Activation
Aggregation

Question 15

How are platelets involved in primary hemostasis?

Answer 15

At the site of vessel injury, they adhere by GP1b and vWF (Adhesion). They get activated by a number of receptors that leads to signaling for recruitment of other platelets, then form complexes on their surfaces to have platelet-platelet interactions that causes aggregation (Activation). Eventually they form a big glob of platelets that forms a platelet thrombus.

Question 16

Know the Coagulation Cascade

Answer 16

How’d you do?

Question 17

Disorders of the intrinsic system

Answer 17

Associated with bleeding: VIII, IX, XI

Not Associated with Bleeding: XII, HMWK, Prekallikren

Question 18

Surface Bound Zymogens

Answer 18

Factor XII, Prekallikrein, Factor XI

Question 19

Phospholipid Bound Zymogens

Answer 19

Factors II, VII, IX, and X

Question 20

Cofactors/Substrates

Answer 20

HMWK, Factors V and VIII, Tissue Factor, and Fibrinogen

Question 21

Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)

Answer 21

Measures intrinsic and common pathways

Question 22

Prothrombin Time

Answer 22

measures extrinsic and common pathways

Question 23

Thrombin Time

Answer 23

measures transition from fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 24

Tenase

Answer 24

necessary to make factor Xa

Question 25

Prothrombinase

Answer 25

necessary to convert prothrombin (II) to thrombin (IIa)

Question 26

Protein C/Protein S System

Answer 26

inactivates factors Va and VIIIa (cofactors for prothrombinase and tenase, respectively)

Question 27

Antithrombin

Answer 27

inhibits many factors, but main effect is on IIa and Xa

Question 28

Tissue Factor Pathway

Answer 28

inhibits VIIa and Xa

Question 29

What are 3 high risk defects associated with Venous Thrombosis?

Answer 29

Protein C, Protein S, and Antithrombin