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EMT Class > Ch. 33 > Flashcards

Ch. 33 Flashcards

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1
Q

___________ causes body heat to be lost as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled.

a. convection
b. conduction
c. radiation
d. respiration

A

d. respiration

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2
Q

Evaporation, the conversion of a liquid to a gas, is a process that requires:

a. energy
b. circulating air
c. a warmer ambient temperature
d. high humidity

A

a. energy

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3
Q

The rate and amount of heat loss by the body can be modified by all of the following except:

a. increasing heat production
b. moving to an area where heat loss is decreased
c. wearing insulated clothing
d. increasing fluid intake

A

d. increasing fluid intake

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4
Q

The characteristic appearance of blue lips and/or fingertips seen in hypothermia is the result of:

a. lack of oxygen in venous blood
b. frostbite
c. blood vessels constricting
d. bruising

A

c. blood vessels constricting

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5
Q

Signs and symptoms of severe systemic hypothermia include all of the following except:

a. weak pulse
b. coma
c. shivering
d. very slow respirations

A

c. shivering

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6
Q

Hypothermia is more common among all of the following except:
a. older individuals
b. long-distance athletes
c. infants and children
d. those who are already ill

A

b. long-distance athletes

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7
Q

To assess a patient’s general temperature, pull back your glove and place the back of your hand on the patient’s:

a. abdomen, underneath clothing
b. forehead
c. forearm, on the inside of the wrist
d. neck, at the area where you check the carotid pulse

A

a. abdomen, underneath clothing

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8
Q

Never assume that a(n) __________, pulseless patient is dead.

a. apneic
b. cyanotic
c. cold
d. hypothermic

A

c. cold

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9
Q

Management of hypothermia in the field consists of all of the following except:

a. applying heat packs to the groin, axillary, and cervical regions
b. removing wet clothing
c. preventing further heat loss
d. massaging the cold extremities

A

d. massaging the cold extremities

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10
Q

All of the following conditions refer to when exposed parts of the body become very cold, but not frozen, except:

a. frostnip
b. trench foot
c. immersion foot
d. frostbite

A

d. frostbite

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11
Q

When the body is exposed to more heat energy than it loses, __________ result(s).

a. hyperthermia
b. heat cramps
c. heat exhaustion
d. heatstroke

A

a. hyperthermia

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12
Q

Contributing factors to the development of heat illnesses include all of the following except:
a. high air temperature
b. vigorous exercise
c. high humidity
d. increased fluid intake

A

d. increased fluid intake

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13
Q

It is important to remain hydrated while on duty. Drink at least ________ of water per day, and more when exertion or heat is involved.

a. 8 glasses
b. 1 liter
c. 2 liters
d. 3 liters

A

d. 3 liters

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14
Q

Which of the following statements about heat cramps is false?

a. they only occur when it is hot outdoors
b. they may be seen in well-conditioned athletes
c. the exact cause of heat cramps is not well understood
d. dehydration may play a role in the development of heat cramps

A

a. they only occur when it is hot outdoors

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15
Q

Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion and associated hypovolemia include all of the following except:

a. cold, clammy skin with ashen pallor
b. dizziness, weakness, or faintness
c. normal vital signs
d. normal thirst

A

d. normal thirst

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16
Q

Most spinal injuries in diving incidents affect the:

a. cervical spine
b. thoracic spine
c. lumbar spine
d. sacrum/coccyx

A

a. cervical spine

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17
Q

Often, the first sign of heatstroke is:

a. a change in behavior
b. an increase in pulse rate
c. an increase in respirations
d. hot, dry, flushed skin

A

a. a change in behavior

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18
Q

The least common but most serious illness caused by heat exposure, occurring when the body is subjected to more heat than it can handle and normal mechanisms for getting rid of the excess heat are overwhelmed, is:

a. hyperthermia
b. heat cramps
c. heat exhaustion
d. heatstroke

A

d. heatstroke

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19
Q

_________ is the body’s reaction to an irritation of water entering the lower respiratory tract.

a. bronchoconstriction
b. laryngospasm
c. esophageal spasms
d. swelling in the oropharynx

A

b. laryngospasm

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20
Q

Treatment of drowning and/or near drowning begins with:

a. opening the airway
b. ventilation with 100% oxygen via bag-mask device
c. suctioning the lungs to remove the water
d. rescue and removal from the water

A

d. rescue and removal from the water

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21
Q

In a diving emergency, ___________ occurs when bubbles of gas, especially nitrogen, obstruct the blood vessels.

a. compression sickness
b. decompression sickness
c. pulmonary sickness
d. air embolism

A

b. decompression sickness

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22
Q

If the near drowning victim has evidence of upper airway obstruction by foreign matter, which of the following would not be considered a method for clearing it?

a. remove the obstruction manually
b. apply suction
c. place the patient in the recovery position to allow drainage
d. use abdominal thrusts

A

c. place the patient in the recovery position to allow drainage

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23
Q

You should never give up on resuscitating a cold-water drowning victim because:

a. when the patient is submerged in water colder than body temperature, heat is maintained in the body
b. the resulting hypothermia can protect vital organs from the lack of oxygen
c. the resulting hypothermia raises the metabolic rate
d. all of the above

A

b. the resulting hypothermia can protect vital organs from the lack of oxygen

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24
Q

The three phases of a dive, in the order they occur, are:

a. ascent descent, and bottom
b. descent, bottom, and ascent
c. orientation, bottom and ascent
d. descent, orientation, and ascent

A

b. descent, bottom, and ascent

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25
Q

Areas usually affected by descent problems include:

a. the lungs
b. the skin
c. the joints
d. vision

A

a. the lungs

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26
Q

Potential problems associated with rupture of the lungs include all of the following except:

a. air emboli
b. pneumomediastinum
c. pneumothorax
d. hemopneumothorax

A

d. hemopneumothorax

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27
Q

The organs most severely affected by air embolism are the:

a. brain and spinal cord
b. brain and heart
c. heart and lungs
d. brain and lungs

A

a. brain and spinal cord

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28
Q

Black widow spiders may be found in:

a. New Hampshire
b. woodpiles
c. Georgia
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

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29
Q

Coral snake venom is a powerful toxin that causes __________ of the nervous system.

a. paralysis
b. hyperactivity
c. hypoactivity
d. hemiparesis

A

a. paralysis

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30
Q

Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease are both spread through the tick’s:

a. saliva
b. blood
c. hormones
d. excrement

A

a. saliva

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31
Q

Signs of envenomation by a pit viper include all of the following except:

a. swelling
b. chest pain
c. ecchymosis
d. severe burning pain at the site of the injury

A

b. chest pain

32
Q

Removal of a tick should be accomplished by:

a. suffocating it with gasoline
b. burning it with a lighted match to cause it to release its grip
c. using fine tweezers to pull it straight out of the skin
d. suffocating it with vasoline

A

c. using fine tweezers to pull it straight out of the skin

33
Q

Which of the following statements regarding the brown recluse spider is false?

a. it is larger than the black widow spider
b. it lives mostly in the southern and central parts of the country
c. venom is not neurotoxic
d. bites rarely cause systemic signs and symptoms

A

a. it is larger than the black widow spider

34
Q

Treatment of a snake bite from a pit viper includes:

a. calming the patient
b. providing BLS as needed if the patient shows no sign of envenomation
c. marking the skin with a pen over the swollen are to note whether swelling is spreading
d. all of the above

A

d. all of the above

35
Q

At 1400 in July, the weather is 105 degrees F and very humid. You have been called for a “man down” at the park. As you arrive, you recognize him as an alcoholic who has been a “frequent flyer” with your service. It looks like he had been sitting under a tree when he fell over, unconscious. As you assess the patient, he has cold, clammy skin and a dry tongue. You suspect that:

a. he is well-hydrated
b. he has suffered heat exhaustion
c. he is hypothermic
d. he has heatstroke

A

b. he has suffered heat exhaustion

36
Q

At 1400 in July, the weather is 105 degrees F and very humid. You have been called for a “man down” at the park. As you arrive, you recognize him as an alcoholic who has been a “frequent flyer” with your service. It looks like he had been sitting under a tree when he fell over, unconscious. The direct transfer of heat from his body to the cold ground is called:

a. conduction
b. convection
c. radiation
d. evaporation

A

a. conduction

37
Q

Small infant have a poor ability to thermoregulate and are unable to shiver to control heat loss until about the age of:

a. 4-6 months
b. 6-12 months
c. 12-18 months
d. 18-24 months

A

c. 12-18 months

38
Q

T/F Normal body temperature is 98.6 degrees F

A

T

39
Q

During an environmental​ emergency, patients who are under the influence of​ alcohol:

A. tend to be affected more rapidly and severely.
B. tend to better tolerate excessive heat and cold.
C. are more acutely aware of the effects of heat and cold.
D. are better able to conserve body heat.

A

A. tend to be affected more rapidly and severely.

40
Q

Which of the following combinations of findings makes a patient with a potential​ heat-related emergency the highest priority for​ transport?

A. Moist skin and muscle cramps
B. Profuse perspiration and pale skin
C. Hot skin and altered mental status
D. Cool skin and a weak pulse

A

C. Hot skin and altered mental status

41
Q

Why does​ high-altitude pulmonary edema take longer to develop than acute mountain sickness or​ high-altitude cerebral​ edema?

A. It does not develop until the body starts compensating for the change in atmospheric pressure.
B. It takes several days for fluid to build up in the lungs.
C. It develops as a complication of acute mountain sickness.
D. It is a less serious condition than acute mountain sickness or​ high-altitude cerebral edema.

A

B. It takes several days for fluid to build up in the lungs.

42
Q

Which of the following is a sign of severe​ hypothermia?

A. Tachypnea
B. Tachycardia
C. Absence of shivering
D. Shivering

A

C. Absence of shivering

43
Q

A​ 38-year-old male is in the​ water, and requires rescue. Which of the following would be best to extend to him to pull him to​ safety?

A. Rope
B. Your hand
C. A towel
D. Fishing line

A

A. Rope

44
Q

When performing active​ rewarming, you​ should:

A. not delay transport.
B. keep the patient moving.
C. massage the​ patient’s extremities.
D. intermittently remove and apply heat packs.

A

A. not delay transport.

45
Q

How does the body compensate in the short term for the increased atmospheric pressure - and resulting decreased amount of air to breathe - at increased​ altitudes?

A. A person breathes more rapidly and more deeply.
B. A person breathes more slowly and less deeply.
C. A person breathes rapidly and less deeply.
D. A person breathes more slowly and more deeply.

A

A. A person breathes more rapidly and more deeply.

46
Q

In a​ water-related accident, which of the following is LEAST likely to lead to an airway​ obstruction?

A. Swollen tissues in the neck
B. Hypothermia
C. Foreign matter in the airway
D. Water in the lungs

A

B. Hypothermia

47
Q

Which of the following descriptions best characterizes deep​ frostbite?

A. The​ body’s core temperature drops below 95degrees F.
B. The epidermis turns red from exposure to the cold.
C. Body tissue becomes frozen.
D. Vasoconstriction and decreasing circulation develop.

A

C. Body tissue becomes frozen.

48
Q

A​ 41-year-old man was found in the back yard by a neighbor. The weather is hot and​ humid, and the patient had been doing yard work all day. The​ patient’s skin is​ red, hot, and​ moist, and his clothes show signs of heavy perspiration. He is not​ alert, but responds to verbal stimuli. Which of the following​ heat-related emergencies should you most​ suspect?

A. Transient ischemic attack
B. Heat cramps
C. Hypothermia
D. Heat stroke

A

D. Heat stroke

49
Q

Which of the following is a mechanism that causes the body to lose​ heat?

A. Water chill
B. Conduction
C. Wind chill
D. Perspiration

A

B. Conduction

50
Q

A man is spending a day fishing in an area where temperatures are over 90degrees F. Which of the following conditions would be most likely to increase his risk of a​ heat-related emergency?

A. Drinking a quart of sports drink every 2 hours
B. Wearing a​ light-colored shirt and shorts
C. Having a few beers while fishing
D. Feeling a light but hot breeze

A

C. Having a few beers while fishing

51
Q

Which of the following is a poisonous snake native to the United​ States?

A. Copperhead
B. Corn snake
C. Rat snake
D. Garter snake

A

A. Copperhead

52
Q

Which of the following is often a precipitating factor in adolescent and adult​ drowning?

A. Suicide attempts
B. Cardiac dysrhythmias
C. Drug or alcohol use
D. Seizures

A

C. Drug or alcohol use

53
Q

How would you classify an environmental emergency in which a child stepped on a sea urchin and got the spine embedded in his​ foot?

A. A bite or sting
B. A​ heat- or​ cold-related injury
C. An altitude injury
D. A​ water-related injury

A

A. A bite or sting

54
Q

Which of the following is typically a source of heat for the​ body?

A. Radiation
B. Convection
C. Conduction
D. Shivering

A

D. Shivering

55
Q

During primary assessment of a hypothermic​ patient, you​ should:

A. assume the patient is severely hypothermic.
B. apply active rewarming techniques.
C. determine the extent of the hypothermia.
D. check the​ patient’s orientation to​ person, place, and​ time, if the patient is awake

A

D. check the​ patient’s orientation to​ person, place, and​ time, if the patient is awake

56
Q

You are caring for an unresponsive hypothermic patient who was found outdoors. Once you have determined the scene is​ safe, which of the following is your first​ priority?

A. Getting the patient out of the cold environment
B. Removing wet clothing from the patient
C. Opening the​ patient’s airway
D. Assessing the​ patient’s core temperature

A

A. Getting the patient out of the cold environment

57
Q

Which of the following occurs when the body perspires or gets​ wet?

A. Convection
B. Conduction
C. Evaporation
D. Respiration

A

C. Evaporation

58
Q

Which of the following body areas is most susceptible to​ frostnip?

A. Nose
B. Medial aspects of the upper arm
C. Abdominal area
D. Posterior thighs

A

A. Nose

59
Q

Which of the following is included in emergency care of a patient with a​ heat-related emergency who has​ moist, pale-to-normal​ skin?

A. Placing the patient in​ Fowler’s position
B. Giving the patient water for nausea or cramps
C. Immersing the patient in a tub of cold water with ice
D. Loosening or removing clothing to cool the patient

A

D. Loosening or removing clothing to cool the patient

60
Q

High​ humidity:

A. warms inhaled air.
B. increases convection.
C. absorbs more heat.
D. slows evaporation.

A

D. slows evaporation.

61
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic early sign of​ frostbite?

A. The skin of the affected area is white and waxy.
B. The affected area is frozen solid.
C. The skin of the affected area is​ grayish-blue.
D. The body core temperature is less than 95degrees F.

A

A. The skin of the affected area is white and waxy.

62
Q

Cooling or freezing particular parts of the body​ is:

A. wind chill.
B. air chill.
C. local cooling.
D. conduction.

A

C. local cooling.

63
Q

Which of the following patients will show the effects of a heat or cold emergency sooner than most other​ patients?

A. A patient who works outdoors regularly
B. A patient who is 35 years old
C. A patient with a history of hypertension
D. A chronically ill patient

A

D. A chronically ill patient

64
Q

Which of the following interventions is indicated for all hypothermic​ patients?

A. Active rewarming
B. Heat packs to the extremities
C. Heat packs to neck and armpits
D. Passive rewarming

A

D. Passive rewarming

65
Q

In cold​ weather, which of the following persons is most susceptible to a cold​ emergency?

A. A warmly dressed person lying flat on the cold ground
B. A person dressed in warm athletic clothing who is running
C. A person dressed warmly and walking
D. A warmly dressed person sitting next to a heat source

A

A. A warmly dressed person lying flat on the cold ground

66
Q

You are treating a patient at​ 6,000 feet altitude. The patient arrived about eight hours​ ago, and reports a diffuse headache that he describes as being similar to a​ hangover, though he has not consumed any alcohol. He also reports feeling nauseous. Assessment of his vital signs reveals tachycardia. Based on these​ symptoms, the patient is most likely​ experiencing:

A. acute mountain sickness.
B. fatigue related to a change in altitude.
C. ​high-altitude pulmonary edema.
D. ​high-altitude cerebral edema.

A

A. acute mountain sickness.

67
Q

Rough handling of a hypothermic patient may lead​ to:

A. tachycardia.
B. spontaneous fractures.
C. ventricular fibrillation.
D. hypertension.

A

C. ventricular fibrillation.

68
Q

Which of the following best describes heat​ exhaustion?

A. An increase in core body temperature above 104degrees F
B. Swelling in the hands and​ feet, with lightheadedness on standing up too quickly
C. A condition characterized by fluid and salt loss
D. Loss of electrolytes and buildup of lactic acid in the muscles

A

C. A condition characterized by fluid and salt loss

69
Q

Which of the following conditions is associated with a breakdown in the​ body’s heat-regulating mechanisms and a dramatic and dangerous increase in core body​ temperature?

A. Heat exhaustion
B. Heat stroke
C. Heat collapse
D. Heat cramps

A

B. Heat stroke

70
Q

Ventilating a drowning victim too quickly or forcefully will likely​ cause:

A. anxiety in the patient.
B. improved BVM compliance.
C. increased cardiac output.
D. significant gastric distention.

A

D. significant gastric distention.

71
Q

A patient has​ “the bends” following a deep sea dive. The​ patient’s condition is likely due​ to:

A. severe hypothermia.
B. nitrogen narcosis.
C. compression injury.
D. decompression sickness.

A

D. decompression sickness.

72
Q

When the body is in​ water, how many times faster does it lose heat than when it is in still​ air?

A. 100
B. 25
C. 10
D. 2

A

B. 25

73
Q

The term gangrene means localized​ tissue:

A. discoloration.
B. swelling.
C. infection.
D. death.

A

D. death.

74
Q

You arrive on the scene to find a scuba diver on board a boat slumped over in the​ captain’s chair with frothy blood in his mouth. The captain states that the diver was down no more than 15 feet when he ascended rapidly and called for help. Which of the following is most​ likely?

A. Air embolism
B. The bends
C. Decompression sickness
D. Pneumothorax

A

A. Air embolism

75
Q

You respond to a boat dock for a diving injury. You find a​ 24-year-old male patient unresponsive with frothy blood in the mouth and lung sounds absent on the right side. The patient is breathing 28 times a minute. The​ patient’s friends state they were diving when he unexpectedly came out of the water complaining of chest pains and then collapsed. What is your first​ action?

A. Insert an oropharyngeal airway.
B. Suction the airway.
C. Place the patient on​ high-concentration oxygen by nonrebreather mask.
D. Transport the patient

A

B. Suction the airway.

76
Q

You have responded to a local pool for a drowning patient. Lifeguards have pulled the patient out of the pool prior to your arrival. You find a​ 22-year-old male patient unresponsive with agonal respirations and a weak carotid pulse. Bystanders state the patient was not using the diving board and was found in the shallow end. Why are cervical spine precautions​ necessary?

A. The patient may have suffered a spinal injury by jumping in shallow water.
B. The patient may have been using the diving board after all and injured his cervical spine.
C. The patient may have hit his head on the side wall while swimming laps.
D. The patient may have suffered a cervical spine injury when pulled out of the water.

A

A. The patient may have suffered a spinal injury by jumping in shallow water.

77
Q

Which of the following types of snake is not a pit​ viper?

A. Rattlesnake
B. Copperhead
C. Water moccasin
D. Coral snake

A

D. Coral snake

EMT Class (11 decks)

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