Ch Flashcards
The 3 basic components of EBP:
1) what the best research on the question has suggested.
2) our own practice experience and expertise.
3) the values and preferences of the clients we serve.
Historically social work practitioners shunned abstract knowledge and relied on:
1) occupational folklore
2) humanitarian impulse
3) common sense
Four objective Kirk proposed for social work research:
1) findings should be practice relevant.
2) research reports should contain specific practice applications.
3) findings should be disseminated effectively.
4) practitioner should have the skill and incentive to modify their practice based on research knowledge.
What cast doubt on the scientist-practitioner model?
Social work practitioner probably cannot be both researcher and practitioner and conduct research effectively.
5 step-process of Evidence-based practice:
1) convert need for information about causes of the problem into a answerable question.
2) track down the best evidence to answer the question.
3) appraise the evidence for validity, impact, and applicability.
4) integrate the critical appraisal with our clinical expertise and the client’s unique values and circumstances.
5) evaluate our effectiveness and efficiently in carrying out steps 1-4.
The most effective way for practitioners and researchers to work together is a debated issue in social work.
True or false?
True
What is PICO?
(P) population of clients
(I) intervention of concern
(C) what the intervention can be compared to
(O). Hoped for outcomes
What are effective ways to develop well structured questions for step 1 in EBP process commonly called?
PICO Population Intervention Compare Outcome
Why would a practitioner turn to alternative sources of knowledge?
When research-based knowledge is lacking or not trustworthy.
When using alternative sources of knowledge one must:
Use extreme caution because these sources have limited utility and can be misleading.
Types of alternative knowledge:
Logic
Tradition
Authority
What should you take into consideration when using logic?
It can be faulty because we assume some things are self-evident and logical.
Logic can lead to beliefs that are plain wrong.
(ie undercover agent in the KKK)
Problem with using tradition as a knowledge source:
It can result in negative and destructive stereotypes.
What are the problems with using authority as a source of knowledge?
We may believe that an authority figure (ie dr) is using scientific based knowledge when they are actually only giving an opinion.
Welfare recipient facts:
Most
1) No more than 2 children
2) Benefits declined
3) States with highest never married mothers had lowest welfare benefit levels.
4) benefits to teen mothers lower in US than Europe
Homeless facts
1) veterans over represented
2) 1/3 homeless with families with children
3) 30% have a SA issue
4) 22% have mental illness only 5-7% need institutionalization.
5 characteristics of the Scientific method:
1) empirical. Based on direct observations, not on a belief or theory
2) objectivity: no biases
3) produces provisional knowledge: may be modified or disputed
4) replication: other researchers can produce the same result
5) employs rules, procedures and techniques
Types of scientific knowledge:
1) Descriptive knowledge
2) Predictive knowledge
3) Prescriptive knowledge
1) Knowledge that helps us understand. Gives a better more accurate perception of the problem.
2) often the basis for bringing problems into public awareness.
3) uses patterns discovered in accumulation of descriptive knowledge .
4) requires months or years of work and ingenious research methods.
Descriptive knowledge.
This type of knowledge helps us anticipate what may happen.
Allows us to understand who is most at risk.
Doesn’t tell a social worker how to intervene.
Predictive knowledge
Knowledge that suggests the method of intervention that is most likely to be effective.
Conducted by researchers that had considerably control over the way the research was conducted.
Prescriptive knowledge
Labels for the two ways research is intended to be used:
Basic and applied
Research that is designed to contribute to our professional body of knowledge.
Basic or pure research
.
Research that is designed to produce knowledge for immediate applicability. Often used to answer burning questions
Applied research
All research falls into the category of either basic or applied?
True or false
False
Research studies always uses both quantiative research and qualitative research.
True or false
False
Research can best be defined a predominantly qualitative research or predominantly quantiative research.
This research is often called empirical research.
Quantiative research
This research emphasizes the building of knowledge through logical positivism.
Quantiative research
Quantiative research stress the use of deductive (linear) logic.
True or false?
True
What type of research has these 5 concepts
1) careful measurement of variables
2) large randomly selected case samples
3) control group through random assignment
4) standardized data collection method
5) statistical analyses of data.
Quantiative research
Methods employed in research studies that seek to describe a problem or phenomenon:
Quantiative research
Sequence of activities that occurs in quantiative research that reflects the deductive logic of this type of knowledge building:
1) specification of a theory
2) statement of a hypothesis to test the theory
3) observation (data collection)
Eleven steps in quantiative research methods
1) problem identification
2) research question formulation
3) literature review
4) create hypothesis and/or refine research questions
5) design and planning
6) data collects
7) sort and analysis of data
8) specification of research findings: results displayed in various
formats. Table, graphs
9) interpretation of research findings
10) dissemination of research findings
11) use of findings by the social worker
The following limitations apply to which form of research?
1) Not suited to studying certain subjective phenomena
2) cannot provide insight into how people perceive their
experiences
Quantiative research
This form of research seeks to understand the human experiences from the perspective of those that experience them:
Qualitative research
The following words can describe which type of research:
1) Subjective
2) Relative
3) Contextual
Qualitative research
Which type of research relies on inductive knowledge?
Qualitative research
Which type of research relies on deductive logic?
Quantiative research
Qualitative research requires very little data collection.
True or false
False
Qualitative research requires copious amount of data collection. Often collected over months and years.
Which type of research is multimethod in focus, and involves a naturalistic approach to its subject matter?
Qualitative research
Which research studies things in natural settings and interprets phenomena by the meaning people bring to it.
Qualitative research
Which research uses case study, life story, interview and observational materials?
Qualitative research
What is the primary instrument for data collection in qualitative research?
The researcher
In quantiative research hypothesis are unlikely to be formulated prior to data collection.
True or false
False
In quantiative research a hypothesis is ALWAYS created prior to data collection.
Hypothesis are likely to be the final product of qualitative research
True or false
True
Or they may not ever be created.
In qualitative research an extensive literature review occurs prior to data collection.
True or false
False
Qualitative research requires a very limited literature review prior to data collection.
Which research method sequence entails
1) collection of a wide range of data
2) observation of patterns in the data
3) formulation of tentative explanations
4) development of theories (and sometimes hypothesis)
Qualitative research
The following sequence is use in which type of research:
1) Problem identification
2) Research question formulation
3) Limited literature review
4) Initial data collection and analysis
5) Continued data collection and analysis
6) Data interpretation
7) Formulation of theories or hypothesis
8) Dissemination of findings
9) Use of finding by the social worker
Qualitative research
Findings of quantiative research are most likely to be presented in narrative form.
True or false
False
Findings from quantiative research are mostly likely presented in tables, graphs, charts or other scientific methods.
Which type of research includes presences of emotions, direct quotations , speculation on subject word choice, and descriptions of the researcher and subjects interactions.
Qualitative research
Both qualitative research and quantiative research are necessary to understand many problems and phenomena?
True or false
True
Qualitative research is superior to qualitative research
True or false
False
No form of research is superior to another. Different needs require different types of research.
Research studies never contain both qualitative research and quantiative research
True or false
False
What is the best way to describes studies base on the type of research used?
Predominately qualitative or predominately quantitative
Pure examples of qualitative research and qualitative research are not that common anymore
True or false
True
A high percent of research currently conducted by social worker is ____________.
Mandated evaluation research .
It is acceptable for research to go against social work values if it leads to findings that are more definitive and have more credibility.
True or false
False
Social work values such as client’s rights to services, confidentiality and sanctity of the treatment relationship should present impediments to conducting scientific research.
True or false
True
It provides us a reasonably accurate picture of the way things are or how they were at the time of the research.
Descriptive knowledge
type of knowledge that evolves following an accumulation of descriptive knowledge. It goes beyond describing what it is and allows us to predict what will be. It can tell a social worker what is likely to occur unless intervention occurs.
Predictive knowledge (Explanatory research):
it can tell a social worker that an untreated abusive partner is likely to become violent again.
Predictive knowledge
It is partly based on the accumulation of a wealth of descriptive and predictive knowledge, and partly on the findings of carefully designed studies.
In this, we know what is, what will be and what needs to be done to prevent something undesirable from occurring.
Prescriptive knowledge (Evaluative studies-a type of explanatory research)
knowledge that provides guidance for successful intervention.
Prescriptive knowledge
This study would answer the question:
Who are the homeless?
Descriptive study
Takes a small sample and makes generalizations about the whole population.
Inductive
