Ch 2 Ethics Flashcards
Why is it good that ethical dilemmas and constraints are always a factor in social work?
They cause us to regularly question whether what we are doing is both justifiable and fair to others.
Ethical issues are clearly defined.
True or false
False
ethical issues are debatable. Two people can hold opposing views on them, and a good argument can be made for either position.
ie. discontinuing services when a clients insurance runs out
Ethical issues usually revolve around which three questions?
1) who should benefit or suffer from the action of the researcher?
2) who’s rights are the priority?
3) does the end (increased knowledge) the means (potentially harmful methods to acquire it)
Who are potential beneficiaries of research knowledge?
1) researchers
2) Those that provide the research data
3) institutions sponsoring the research
3) the community
4) other researchers that can build on the findings
Research participants rarely give more than they receive from a research study?
True or false
False
They are asked to give much more than they will receive. This is why we have an ethical obligation to safe guard their health and well-being.
Why should we safe guard the health and well-being of research participants?
They give much more than the receive from their participation in the studies.
Three common terms for people that provide research data:
1) research subjects
2) research partners
3) research participants
Traditional term for a person that provides research data, is universally understood. Falling out of favor because it may be thought of as condescending, implies a subservient role, and is not consistent with the way data provider relate to the researcher.
Research subject
This term for a person that provides research data reflects the relationship with the researcher as one of equality.
Research partner
This term for a person that provides research data recoginzes that the goals of the research researcher may be different that the individual, that they person is voluntary, and is consistent with both qualitative and quantitative research.
Research participant
Historically research participants were powerless or defenseless individuals.
True or false
True
Often they were poor, minorities, children, prisoners or the mentally ill.
The Nuremberg trials brought attention to the fact that the rights of ___________ were being violated.
Prisoners and other vulnerable groups.
Illegal activity can never justify involuntary participation in research
The revelations at Nuremberg questioned if participation in research could every be involuntary.
True or false
True
The consensus was that Participation much always be voluntary
The need for Ethical standards in research led to the creation of these:
Institutional review boards (IRB)
Any project that involves a systematic investigations with the intent to develop or contribute to generalized knowledge is called______.
Research
Groups that review and approve proposed research studies are called by many names. What are three of them?
Institutional review board
Ethics committee
Human subjects review team
What do federal regulations define as research with human subjects?
Research that either obtains data through intervention or interactions with living humans,
Or
Obtains identifiable private information
When can researchers begin to recruit subject and collect data?
After an IRB reviews and approves the study
What are the three categories of human subject research divided into?
Exempt
Expedited review
Full committee review
Categories of research are based on _______.
The level of risk poses to the human subject.
Research in this category poses the least risk.
Involves mostly collection of anonymous data or public data
Exempt
This category of research involves collecting data that is not anonymous.
Expedited review.
Involves no more than minimal risk
The category of research involves working with vulnerable populations, such a pregnant women.
Full committee review
When discussing voluntary informed consent, what does informed mean?
Does the subject have the knowledge they need to if they would want to participate in the study.
Involuntary informed consent….what is consent.
Clear , written, agreement to participate
Uphold the social work value of self-determinism.
When might special care needed to be taken when soliciting informed consent?
With populations that are linguistically or culturally different.
Or mental disability or children.
All research can be completely risk free?
True or false
No, but the researcher has the responsibilities to protect participants from any unnecessary risk?
Anonymity and confidentially
Research pr is ethically obligated to not reveal any information obtained during the study.
Research can be done even if there is no real need for it.
True or false
False
Research must be justifiable on the grounds that it is significantly advancing knowledge.
Issue of participants being truly voluntary.
Prisoners..
Sick people
Needing money
People that cannot speak for themselves
Dual -role relationships
Therapist and their client is a dual role,
Ethical issues in research
Using deception Dual roles Voluntary for reals Withholding treatment and using placebos Availability of experimental interventions
