Ch 305 CKD

Question 1

Risk Factors for CKD

Answer 1

1. Small for gestational brith weight
2. childhood obesity
3. hypertension
4. DM
5. Autoimmune Disease
6. Advanced Age
7. African Ancestry
8. Fam Hx
9. prev AKI
10. proteinuria/abn urine sediment/structural abn

Question 2

Normal Annual Mean Decline in GFR with age?

Answer 2

~1 mL/min per year per 1.73 m2

Question 3

Peak GFR?

Answer 3

~120 ml/min per 1.73 m2

Question 4

Leading Categories of Etiology of CKD

Answer 4

1. Diabetic Nephropathy
2. Glomerulonephritis
3. HTN assoc CKD (vascular & ischemic KD, primary glom dse from HTN)
4. ADPKD
5. other cystic and tubulointerstitial nephropathy

Question 5

pathophysiology of uremic syndrome

Answer 5

1. accumulation of toxins that normally are renally excreted
2. loss of kidney func - fluid & elec homeostasis, hormone reg
3. progressive sys inflammation + vascular & nutri consequences

Question 6

Classic lesion of secondary hypoparathyroidism

Answer 6

osteitis fibrosa cystica

Question 7

Causes of Anemia in CKD (9)

Answer 7

1. relative def of EPO
2. dec RBC survival
3. bleeding diathesis
4. IDA from poor diet abs & GI blood loss
5. Hyperparathyroidism/ bone marrow fibrosis
6. chronic inflammation
7. Folate or B12 deficiency
8. Hemoglobinopathy
9. Comorbid conditions: hypo/hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, HIV, autoimmune, immunosuppressive drugs

Question 8

Comorbid conditions contributing to Anemia in CKD (5)

Answer 8

Comorbid conditions: hypo/hyperthyroidism, pregnancy, HIV assoc disease, autoimmune, immunosuppressive drugs