Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PNE 162- 2025 > Ch. 30 & 31 > Flashcards

Ch. 30 & 31 Flashcards

1
Q

Name major structures in the hematopoietic system.

A

Bone marrow, Blood, Lymphatic system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a type of anemia in which erythrocytes become sickle or crescent shaped when oxygen supply in the blood is inadequate?

A

Sickle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What blood type is considered a universal recipient?

A

AB blood type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Foreign material, their numbers increase in allergies, some dermatological disorders, and parasitic infections

A

Eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is the liquid,or serum, portion of blood. It consists of 90% water and 10% proteins

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What signs do you typically have when you have leukopenia?

A

Fever, sore throat, chills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define leukocytosis and leukopenia

A

Leukocytosis: increased number of leukocytes
Leukopenia: decreased number of leukocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the lymphatic system consist of?

A

Thymus gland, spleen, and a network of sympathetic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is acute chest syndrome?

A

A type of pneumonia triggered by decreased hemoglobin and infiltrates in the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Any malignant blood disorder in which proliferation of luekocytes, usually in an immature form, is unregulated

A

Luekemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What term means opening a vein to withdraw blood?

A

Phlebotomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hemoglobin levels for someone with sickle cell disease

A

7-10 g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Signs and symptoms of Hypovolemic anemia

A

changes in vital signs noted, signs of shock with severe loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The manufacture, and development of blood cells

A

Hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The red color of blood is the result of

A

Hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Found in the ribs, sternum, skull, clavicles, vertebrae, proximal ends of the long bones and iliac crest

A

Red marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the hallmarks of luekemia?

A

Infections, fatigue from anemia, and easy bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Blood consists of cells suspended in a fluid called

A

Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Normal range of hemoglobin:

A

12.0 to 17.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A term that refers to a deficiency of either erythrocytes or hemoglobin.

A

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the lymphatic system include?

A

Thymus gland, spleen, and a network of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and lymph.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Is a hormone released by the kidneys

A

Erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The term ____ refers to conditions in which a component that is necessary to control bleeding.

A

Coagulopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

small hemorrhages in the skin, mucous membranes, or subcutaneous tissues.

A

Purpura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does thrombocytopenia occur?

A

When the platelets manufactured by the bone marrow are decreased or platelet destruction by the spleen in increased.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Term that refers to a deficiency of either erythrocytes or hemoglobin

A

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Leukocytosis

A

An increased number of leukocytes above normal limits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The normal number of erythrocytes varies with age, gender, and altitude and ranges between ____- and ____

A

3.6 and 5.4 million/mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define erythrocytes:

A

RBCs; transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

List the 4 blood groups and which one can everyone receive?

A

A, B, AB, O and everyone can receive O negative.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most abundant protein in plasma

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the first symptom of multiple myeloma?

A

The first symptom usually is vague pain in the pelvis, spine, or ribs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Normal lab value of platelets

A

150,000-450,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Treatment for sickle cell disease

A

supportive, blood transfusions, medications to treat symptoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

The basic nutritional component of heme in hemoglobin

A

Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are signs for Leukopenia

A

Fever, sore throat, chills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The building block of hemoglobin and the enzymes involved in red blood cell production

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Hemophilia is inherited from..

A

mother to son

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

A lower-than-normal number of platelets or thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define purpura

A

Small hemorrhages in the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is fibrinogen’s function

A

It plays a key role in forming blood clots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Is a term that refers to a deficiency of either erythrocytes or hemoglobin

A

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

refers to conditions in which numbers of all marrow produced blood cells are reduced

A

pancytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Treatment for Iron-deficiency

A

Determine the cause and eliminate it. Correct diet, add supplements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Define osteoclasts

A

Cells hat breakdown and remove bone cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is the most common type of hemophilia?

A

Hemophilia A, and it results from a deficiency of factor VIII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Most common cause of agranulocytosis is toxicity from drugs such as..

A

sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, antineoplastics, and some psychotropic medications.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is sickle cell disease

A

A type of anemia in which erythrocytes become sickle - crescent- shaped when oxygen supply in the blood is inadequate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Blood dyscrasias

A

Abnormalities in numbers and types of blood cells, and coagulopathies,bleeding disorders that involve platelets or clotting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Define leukemia

A

Any malignant blood disorder in which proliferation of leukocytes is unregulated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypovolemic anemia?

A

Extreme pallor, tachycardia, hypotension, reduced urine output, and altered consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Hemolytic

A

Generic term for anemia when caused by other conditions, such as malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What are the major groups of thalassemias?

A

Alpha-thalassemias and beta-thalassemias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

____ anemia is a consequence of blood loss

A

Hypovolemic anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Lower than normal number of platelets or thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

enlargement of the spleen

A

splenomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Signs and symptoms of Sickle cell disease

A

Family history, cells clog, reducing blood flow, causes severe pain, ischemia, fever, possible tissue infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Conditions in which numbers of all marrow-produced blood cells are reduced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What is the largest lymphatic structure

A

The spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Define chelation therapy

A

A process in which heavy metals such as iron are pharmacological removed from the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

If an older adult is anemic, blood loss from the..

A

GI or genitourinary tract is suspected.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

What causes iron deficiency anemia?

A

Develops when iron is insufficient to produce hemoglobin.

55
Q

What refers to conditions in which a component that is necessary to control bleeding is missing or inadequate?

A

coagulopathy

56
Q

What does the Sickledex test do?

A

Determines the presence of abnormal HbS

57
Q

What is the universal donor blood type?

A

O

58
Q

What is anemia?

A

Is a term that refers to a deficiency of either erythrocytes or hemoglobin.

59
Q

Coagulopathy

A

Conditions in which a component that is necessary to control bleeding

60
Q

Specific type of white blood cells

A

Lymphocytes

61
Q

Can a O+ receive O- blood ?

A

yes…

62
Q

Hemophilia assessment findings

A

Persistent oozing and sometimes severe bleeding that occurs spontaneously or after an injury are manifestation’s of the disease

63
Q

Conditions in which numbers of all marrow produced blood cells are reduced

A

Pancytopenia

64
Q

What should you take with iron to promote its absorption

A

Vitamin C

65
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Cells that break down and remove bone cells, which result in increased blood calcium and pathological fractures

66
Q

What are thalassemias?

A

Hereditary hemolytic anemias

67
Q

How much water does plasma contain?

A

90%

68
Q

Disorder involving an absence or reduction of a clotting factor.

A

Hemophilia

69
Q

Blood consists of cells suspended in a fluid called?

A

Plasma

70
Q

T or F?
Most common cause of iron deficiency in anemia in n men and postmenopausal women is bleeding?

A

True

71
Q

Tonsils rating- tonsils are visible

A

1

72
Q

What is the age of onset for acute lymphocytic leukemia?

A

Younger than 5 years; uncommon after 15 years.

73
Q

Define plasma

A

Liquid or serum portion of blood

74
Q

Osteolytic tumors

A

Bone destroying. Produce a “punched-out” or “honeycombed” appearance in bones such as spine, ribs,skull, pelvis, femurs, clavicles, and scapulae

75
Q

A hormone released by the kidneys

A

Erythropoietin

76
Q

Tonsils rating- tonsils extend medially toward the uvula

A

2

77
Q

What is modified trendelenburg position ?

A

Laying flat with feet above heart…

78
Q

What is the normal range of hemoglobin in adults?

A

12.0-17.4 g/dL

79
Q

Tonsils rating- tonsils touch the uvula

A

3

80
Q

Is caused by a loss of blood volume, which results in fewer blood cells

A

Hypovolemia

81
Q

What is coagulopathies?

A

Refers to conditions in which a component that is necessary to control bleeding.

82
Q

Graft-versus-host disease

A

The foreign donor cells destroy the recipients tissues and organs.

83
Q

Erythrocytosis treatment

A

Reduce volume of circulating blood, chemotherapy agents to curb excessive bone marrow production

84
Q

Multiple myeloma is a malignancy involving plasma cells, which are _____________ cells in bone marrow

A

B lymphocyte

85
Q

Tonsils rating- tonsils touch each other

A

4

86
Q

What medication inhibits inflammatory immune response?

A

Corticosteroids

87
Q

2 common types of coagulopathies

A

Thrombocytopenia and Hemophilia

88
Q

What is the normal range for leukocytes

A

5000-10000

89
Q

Disklike non nucleated cell fragments with a lifespan of approximately 7.5 days

A

Platelets

90
Q

Phlebotomy

A

Opening a vein to withdraw blood.

91
Q

Signs and symptoms of anemia?

A

Frequent infections, unusual bleeding

92
Q

What is the basic nutritional component of heme?

A

Iron

93
Q

What is pupura?

A

Small hemorrhages in the skin, mucous membranes, or subcutaneous tissues.

94
Q

Fortified breads and cereals, green leafy veggies, orange juice, and dried peas and beans are rich sources of what?

A

Folate

95
Q

Folic acid-deficiency treatment

A

folic acid supplements and diet

96
Q

_____ is performed to determine the status of blood cell formation

A

Bone marrow aspiration

97
Q

What is the lifespan of platelets?

A

7.5 days

98
Q

What are the 2 major groups of thalassemias?

A

Alpha and beta

99
Q

Plasma proteins

A

Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulin
Clotting factors

100
Q

Signs and symptoms of Hemophilia A,B,C

A

Persistent oozing, severe bleeding

101
Q

What is the largest lymphatic structure

A

Spleen

102
Q

Polycythemia Vera

A

Characterized by a greater- than- normal number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

103
Q

Hypovolemic treatment

A

contain the loss, blood transfusions, surgical need for underlying issues

104
Q

Hemolytic

A

Generic term for anemia when caused by other conditions such as malaria.

105
Q

Treatment for hemophilia

A

Blood transfusions, frozen plasma, clotting factors

106
Q

What is the preferred site to obtain a sample of bone marrow

A

Posterior superior Iliac crest

107
Q

What is heme?

A

Pigmented, iron-containing portion of hemoglobin.

108
Q

What blood type is a universal donor?

A

O

109
Q

____ anemia develops when iron is insufficient to produce hemoglobin

A

Iron-deficeincy anemia

110
Q

Is formed in the liver is the most abundant protein in the plasma

A

Albumin

111
Q

Is formed in the liver is the most abundant protein in the plasma

A

Albumin

112
Q

Signs of leukopenia

A

Fever, sore throat, chills

113
Q

what are the three types of Hemophilia

A

A, B and C

114
Q

What can promote iron absorption?

A

Vitamin c

115
Q

What are some examples of rich sources of food folate?

A

Fortified breads and cereals
green leafy vegetables
orange juice
dried peas and beans

116
Q

What is evidenced by purpura?

A

Thrombocytopenia

117
Q

What is the schilling test used to determine?

A

The etiology of vitamin b12 deficiency causing pernicious anemia

118
Q

true or false
Blood type O can be given to a person who is A positive

A

True

119
Q

Define heme

A

Pigmented, iron containing portion of hemoglobin

120
Q

You have a patient with systolic blood pressure below 90mm Hg and heart rate above 100 beats/min. What is this a sign of ?

A

Hypovolemic shock…

121
Q

Primarily functions as immunologic agents they prevent or modify some types of infectious diseases

A

Globulins

122
Q

Primarily functions as immunologic agents they prevent or modify some types of infectious diseases

A

Globulins

123
Q

What is bone marrow?

A

Soft tissue inside bones that manufactures blood cells

124
Q

Plays a key roll in forming blood clots

A

Fibrinogen

124
Q

What shape do sickle cells become?

A

Crescent shaped
(When oxygen supply in blood is inadequate)

125
Q

Correct sequence using a Z-track technique

A
  1. Add 0.2mL of air to the filled syringe
  2. Pull the tissue laterally until it is taut
  3. Insert the needle at a 90° angle.
  4. Depress the plunger of the syringe
  5. Wait 10 seconds with the needle in place
  6. Release the taut skin
126
Q

What is the reduction of all marrow produced blood cells?

A

Pancytopenia

127
Q

Correct sequence using a Z-track technique

A
  1. Add 0.2mL of air to the filled syringe
  2. Pull the tissue laterally until it is taut
  3. Insert the needle at a 90° angle.
  4. Depress the plunger of the syringe
  5. Wait 10 seconds with the needle in place
  6. Release the taut skin
128
Q

People with AB blood is considered what?

A

universal recipient’s

129
Q

Assessment findings for Folic- Acid- Deficiency Anemia

A

Severe fatigue, a sore and beefy red tongue, dyspnea. nausea, anorexia, headaches, weakness, and light-headedness.

130
Q

True or false
The thymus gland is located in the abdomen beneath the diaphragm

A

False

131
Q

T or F
Folic acid deficiency anemia is characterized by immature erythrocytes?

A

True

132
Q

Hereditary hemolytic anemias

A

Thalassemias

133
Q

What are the four main types of blood?

A

A, B, AB, and O

134
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

In the upper chest

135
Q

What is believed to reduce sickling by promoting the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin?

A

Inhaled nitric oxide

136
Q

What test is used to determine etiology of vitamin B12?

A

Schilling test

137
Q

The three proteins in plasma

A

Albumin, Globulins, and Fibrinogen

138
Q

____ anemia is a generic term that refers to the consequence of a widely diverse group conditions, some acquired, for an example malaria: some hereditary and some idiopathic in which there is chronic premature destruction of erthocytes

A

Hemolytic anemia

139
Q

Why is a bone marrow aspiration performed?

A

To determine the status of blood cell formation

140
Q

What is blood dycrasias?

A

Abnormalities in the numbers and types of blood cells, and coagulopathies, bleeding disorders that involve platelets or clotting factors

141
Q

T or F? Neutrophils are a major component of the inflammatory response and defense against bacterial infections?

A

TRUE!

142
Q

What is the process in which heavy metals such as iron are pharmacologically removed from the blood to prevent organ damage and death?

A

Chelation therapy

143
Q

What is used to determine the etiology of vitamin B12 deficiency causing pernicious anemia?

A

Schilling test

144
Q

What develops when a client lacks the intrinsic factor, which normally is present in stomach secretions, or fails to consume sufficient dietary sources of the extrinsic factor?

A

Pernicious anemia

145
Q

____ are hereditarily hemolytic anemias?

A

Thalassemias

146
Q
A

PNE 162- 2025 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions