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bio unit 1 > ch 3- the plasma membrane > Flashcards

ch 3- the plasma membrane Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

plasma membrane

A

the phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins which separate the intracellular environment from the extracellular environment. Also known as cell membrane

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2
Q

intracellular

A

inside a cell

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3
Q

extra cellular

A

outside a cell

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4
Q

selective permeability

A

a property of cell membranes that ensures only specific substances pass across them. Also known as semipermeable

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5
Q

phospholipid

A

the main molecule of which membranes are composed. They have a phosphate head and two fatty acid tails

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6
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

a double layer of amphiphilic molecules that forms the primary component of cell membranes

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7
Q

phosphate head

A

the hydrophilic subunit of a phospholipid and is negatively charged and polar

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8
Q

fatty acid tail

A

the hydrophobic lipid subunit of a phospholipid, no charge and non polar

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9
Q

hydrophilic

A

having a tendency to be attracted to and dissolve in water

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10
Q

polar

A

describes a molecule with both a positive end and negative end. These tend to be hydrophilic

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11
Q

hydrophobic

A

having a tendency to repel and be insoluble in water

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12
Q

non polar

A

describes a molecule without a clearly positive or negative end. These tend to
be hydrophobic

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13
Q

amphipathic

A

describes molecules with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic components.
Also known as amphiphilic

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14
Q

protein

A

a class of biomacromolecule made of amino acid monomers folded into a
3D shape, consisting of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulphur

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15
Q

carbohydrate

A

a class of biomacromolecule made from monosaccharide monomers consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Also known as saccharides or sugars

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16
Q

cholesterol

A

a steroid-alcohol that regulates fluidity in plasma membranes

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17
Q

integral protein

A

a protein that is permanently secured to the plasma membrane

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18
Q

transmembrane protein

A

an integral protein that spans the entire plasma membrane

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19
Q

peripheral protein

A

a protein temporarily attached to the plasma membrane

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20
Q

cytoskeleton

A

the microscopic web of protein filaments in the cytoplasm. It provides structure and support, and transports products around the cell

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21
Q

glycolipid

A

a phospholipid bound to a carbohydrate

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22
Q

glycoprotein

A

a protein bound to a carbohydrate

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23
Q

function of proteins

A

transport, catalysis, communication and adhesion

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24
Q

function of carbs

A

cell-cell communication, signalling, recognition, adhesion

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25
Q

cholesterol

A

regulates fluidity of the membrane, higher temperature the cholesterol keeps them bound together and at lower temperature, it disrupts the fatty acid tails, stopping phospholipids from becoming a solid boundary

26
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

the theory of how the plasma membrane is structured

27
Q

saturated

A

a fatty acid chain with only single bonds between carbon atoms

28
Q

unsaturated

A

a fatty acid chain with at least one double or triple bond between carbon atoms

29
Q

cytosol

A

the aqueous fluid that surrounds the organelles inside a cell

30
Q

passive transport

A

the movement of molecules through a semipermeable membrane and down the concentration gradient, without an input of energy

31
Q

active transport

A

movement of molecules across a semipermeable membrane that requires energy

32
Q

diffusion

A

the passive movement of molecules from areas of
high concentration to areas of low concentration (down the concentration gradient)

33
Q

concentration gradient

A

the difference in solute concentration between two adjacent areas

34
Q

kinetic energy

A

the energy a particle or body possesses due to motion

35
Q

solute

A

a substance dissolved in the solvent

36
Q

solvent

A

a liquid in which a solute is dissolved, forming a solution

37
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

a type of passive transport where molecules move through a phospholipid bilayer with
the aid of a membrane protein

38
Q

protein channel

A

a transmembrane protein pore in a phospholipid bilayer that selectively enables transport of large or polar molecules

39
Q

carrier protein

A

a membrane protein that undergoes conformtional change to transport molecules across a membrane

40
Q

conformational change

A

a change in the three-dimensional shape of macromolecules such as proteins

41
Q

osmosis

A

the passive transport of a solvent (typically water) through a semipermeable membrane
from a region of low solute (high solvent) to a region of high solute (low solvent)

42
Q

tonicity

A

a measure of the relative concentration of solutes on either side of a semipermeable membrane, described as hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic

43
Q

hypertonic

A

describes a solution with a higher solute concentration when compared to another solution

44
Q

isotonic

A

describes a solution with the same solute concentration as another solution

45
Q

hypotonic

A

describes a solution with a lower solute concentration when compared to another solution

46
Q

turgid

A

describes plant cells that are swollen and firm from water uptake

47
Q

plasmolysed

A

describes plant cells with weak and sagging plasma membranes from water loss

48
Q

lyse

A

to cause a cell plasma membrane to burst or break

49
Q

protein mediated active transport

A

a type of active transport which involves using membrane proteins to move molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient. Also known as active transport

50
Q

bulk transport

A

a type of active transport that uses vesicles to move large molecules or groups of molecules into or out of the cell. Also known as cytosis

51
Q

protein pump

A

a polypeptide that transports molecules across a membrane against its concentration gradient with the aid of ATP

52
Q

adenosine triphosphate

A

a high energy molecule that, when broken down, provides energy for cellular processes

53
Q

carrier protein

A

a membrane- based protein that undergoes conformational change to transport molecules across a membrane

54
Q

conformational change

A

a change in the three-dimensional shape of macromolecules such
as proteins

55
Q

exocytosis

A

a type of bulk transport that moves large substances out of the cell

55
Q

osmosis

A

the passive transport of a solvent (typically water) through a semipermeable membrane
from a region of low solute (high solvent) to a region of high solute (low solvent)

55
Q

vesicle

A

a small membrane-bound sac that transports or stores substances within a cell

56
Q

endocytosis

A

a type of bulk transport that moves large substances into the cell

57
Q

secretory products

A

the substances inside a vesicle that are being transported out of the cell

58
Q

phagocytosis

A

endocytosis of solid
material or food particles

59
Q

pinocytosis

A

endocytosis of liquid or dissolved substances

bio unit 1 (5 decks)

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