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Microbiology > Ch. 3: The Cell > Flashcards

Ch. 3: The Cell Flashcards

1
Q

spontaneous generation

A

The notion that life con arise from nonliving matter

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2
Q

endosymbiotic theory

A

The theory that mitochondria & chloroplasts arose as a result of prokaryotic cells establishing a symbiotic relationship with a eukaryotic host

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3
Q

germ theory of disease

A

States that diseases may result from microbial infection

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4
Q

cytoplasm

A

A gel-like substance composed of water & dissolved chemicals needed for growth

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5
Q

ribosomes

A

Organelles used for production of proteins

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6
Q

prokaryotic cells

A
  • Lack a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane
  • have a single, circular chromosome located in a nucleoid
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7
Q

eukaryotic cells

A

Have a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane that contains multiple, rod-shaped chromosomes

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8
Q

cell morphology

A

The shape of individual cells of a particular prokaryotic organism

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9
Q

cell wall

A
  • Found in most prokaryotes & some eukaryotes
  • envelopes cell membrane, protecting the cell
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10
Q

osmotic pressure

A

Occurs because of differences in concentration of solutes on opposing sides of a semipermeable membrane

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11
Q

osmosis

A

Diffusion of water

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12
Q

isotonic medium

A

Solute concentrations inside & outside of the cell are approx. equal; no net movement of water

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13
Q

hypotonic medium

A

Solute concentration inside cell exceeds that outside of cell; water moves into cell

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14
Q

hypertonic medium

A

Solute concentration outside cell exceeds that inside the cell; water diffuses out of cell

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15
Q

crenation

A

Shriveling of the cell

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16
Q

plasmolysis

A

Plasma membrane contracts & detaches from cell wall, there is a decrease in interior volume, but cell wall remains infect

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17
Q

nucleiod

A

A condensed area of DNA in prokaryotic cells; doesn’t stain, appears lighter in color

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18
Q

nucleoid associated proteins (NAPs)

A

Assist in organization & packaging of chromosomes

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19
Q

plasmids

A

Small, circular dsDNA molecules; extrachromosomal DNA found here

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20
Q

70S ribosomes

A

Composed of 2 subunits; 30S & 50S

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21
Q

inclusions

A

Cytoplasmic structures used to store excess nutrients

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22
Q

volutin granules (metachromatic granules)

A

Inclusions that store polymerized inorganic phosphate that can be used in metabolism & assist information of biofilms

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23
Q

pulyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)

A
  • produced by species of Bacillus & Pseudomonas
  • example of inclusion that displays this type of monolayer structure
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24
Q

magnetosomes

A
  • inclusions of magnetic inn oxide or iron sulficle surrounded by a lipid layer
  • allow cells to align along a magnetic field, aiding in movement
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25
Q

carboxysome

A
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26
Q

vegetative cells

A
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27
Q

endospores

A
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28
Q

sporulation

A
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29
Q

germination

30
Q

cell enevelope

31
Q

plasma membrane

32
Q

fluid mosaic model

33
Q

chlorophylls

34
Q

peptidoglycan

35
Q

mycolic acids

36
Q

periplasmis space

37
Q

lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

38
Q

glycolax

39
Q

capsule

40
Q

slime

41
Q

S-layer

42
Q

fimbriae

44
Q

F pilus

45
Q

flagella

46
Q

basal body

47
Q

monotrichous

48
Q

amphotrichous

49
Q

lophotricous

50
Q

peritrichous

51
Q

phototaxis

52
Q

magnetotaxis

53
Q

chemotaxis

55
Q

tumbles

56
Q

Jan Baptista van Helmont

57
Q

Francesco Redi

58
Q

John Needham

59
Q

Lazzaro Spallanzani

60
Q

Robert Hooke

61
Q

Matthias Schleiden

62
Q

Theodor Schwann

63
Q

Robert Remak

64
Q

Rudolf Virchow

65
Q

Robert Brown

66
Q

Konstantin Mereschkowski

67
Q

Lynn Margulis

68
Q

Girolamo Fracastoro

69
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

70
Q

John Snow

71
Q

Joseph Lister

Microbiology (30 decks)

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