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Microbiology > Ch. 3: The Cell > Flashcards

Ch. 3: The Cell Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

spontaneous generation

A

The notion that life con arise from nonliving matter

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2
Q

endosymbiotic theory

A

The theory that mitochondria & chloroplasts arose as a result of prokaryotic cells establishing a symbiotic relationship with a eukaryotic host

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3
Q

germ theory of disease

A

States that diseases may result from microbial infection

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4
Q

cytoplasm

A

A gel-like substance composed of water & dissolved chemicals needed for growth

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5
Q

ribosomes

A

Organelles used for production of proteins

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6
Q

prokaryotic cells

A
  • Lack a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane
  • have a single, circular chromosome located in a nucleoid
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7
Q

eukaryotic cells

A

Have a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane that contains multiple, rod-shaped chromosomes

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8
Q

cell morphology

A

The shape of individual cells of a particular prokaryotic organism

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9
Q

cell wall

A
  • Found in most prokaryotes & some eukaryotes
  • envelopes cell membrane, protecting the cell
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10
Q

osmotic pressure

A

Occurs because of differences in concentration of solutes on opposing sides of a semipermeable membrane

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11
Q

osmosis

A

Diffusion of water

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12
Q

isotonic medium

A

Solute concentrations inside & outside of the cell are approx. equal; no net movement of water

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13
Q

hypotonic medium

A

Solute concentration inside cell exceeds that outside of cell; water moves into cell

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14
Q

hypertonic medium

A

Solute concentration outside cell exceeds that inside the cell; water diffuses out of cell

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15
Q

crenation

A

Shriveling of the cell

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16
Q

plasmolysis

A

Plasma membrane contracts & detaches from cell wall, there is a decrease in interior volume, but cell wall remains infect

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17
Q

nucleiod

A

A condensed area of DNA in prokaryotic cells; doesn’t stain, appears lighter in color

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18
Q

nucleoid associated proteins (NAPs)

A

Assist in organization & packaging of chromosomes

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19
Q

plasmids

A

Small, circular dsDNA molecules; extrachromosomal DNA found here

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20
Q

70S ribosomes

A

Composed of 2 subunits; 30S & 50S

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21
Q

inclusions

A

Cytoplasmic structures used to store excess nutrients

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22
Q

volutin granules (metachromatic granules)

A

Inclusions that store polymerized inorganic phosphate that can be used in metabolism & assist information of biofilms

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23
Q

pulyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)

A
  • produced by species of Bacillus & Pseudomonas
  • example of inclusion that displays this type of monolayer structure
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24
Q

magnetosomes

A
  • inclusions of magnetic inn oxide or iron sulficle surrounded by a lipid layer
  • allow cells to align along a magnetic field, aiding in movement
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25
Q

carboxysome

A
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26
Q

vegetative cells

A
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27
Q

endospores

A
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28
Q

sporulation

A
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29
Q

germination

A
30
Q

cell enevelope

A
31
Q

plasma membrane

A
32
Q

fluid mosaic model

A
33
Q

chlorophylls

A
34
Q

peptidoglycan

A
35
Q

mycolic acids

A
36
Q

periplasmis space

A
37
Q

lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

A
38
Q

glycolax

A
39
Q

capsule

A
40
Q

slime

A
41
Q

S-layer

A
42
Q

fimbriae

A
43
Q

pili

A
44
Q

F pilus

A
45
Q

flagella

A
46
Q

basal body

A
47
Q

monotrichous

A
48
Q

amphotrichous

A
49
Q

lophotricous

A
50
Q

peritrichous

A
51
Q

phototaxis

A
52
Q

magnetotaxis

A
53
Q

chemotaxis

A
54
Q

runs

A
55
Q

tumbles

A
56
Q

Jan Baptista van Helmont

A
57
Q

Francesco Redi

A
58
Q

John Needham

A
59
Q

Lazzaro Spallanzani

A
60
Q

Robert Hooke

A
61
Q

Matthias Schleiden

A
62
Q

Theodor Schwann

A
63
Q

Robert Remak

A
64
Q

Rudolf Virchow

A
65
Q

Robert Brown

A
66
Q

Konstantin Mereschkowski

A
67
Q

Lynn Margulis

A
68
Q

Girolamo Fracastoro

A
69
Q

Ignaz Semmelweis

A
70
Q

John Snow

A
71
Q

Joseph Lister

A

Microbiology (30 decks)

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