Ch. 15: Microbial Mechanisms Of Pathogenicity

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

any condition in which the normal structure or functions of the body are damaged or impaired

Question 2

infection

Answer 2

the successful colonization of a host by a microorganism

Question 3

signs

Answer 3

• objective and measurable
• can be directly observed by a clinician

Question 4

symptoms

Answer 4

• subjective
• felt or experience by the patient, but can’t be clinically confirmed or objectively measured

Question 5

syndrome

Answer 5

a specific group of signs and symptoms characteristic of a particular disease

Question 6

cyto-

Answer 6

cell

Question 7

hepat-

Answer 7

liver

Question 8

-pathy

Answer 8

disease

Question 9

-emia

Answer 9

of the blood

Question 10

-itis

Answer 10

inflammation

Question 11

-lysis

Answer 11

destruction

Question 12

-oma

Answer 12

tumor

Question 13

-osis

Answer 13

diseased or abnormal condition

Question 14

-derma

Answer 14

of the skin

Question 15

asymptomatic (subclinical)

Answer 15

does not present any noticeable signs or symptoms

Question 16

infections disease

Answer 16

any disease caused by direct effect of a pathogen

Question 17

communicable

Answer 17

capable of being spread from person to person through either direct or indirect contact

Question 18

contagious

Answer 18

easily spread from person to person

Question 19

nosocomial disease

Answer 19

diseases acquired in hospital settings

Question 20

zoonotic disease (zoonosis)

Answer 20

disease transmitted from animals to humans

Question 21

noncommunicable

Answer 21

disease that is not spread from one person to another

Question 22

noninfectious disease

Answer 22

not caused by pathogens

Question 23

inherited disease

Answer 23

a genetic disease
- example: sickle cell anemia

Question 24

congenital disease

Answer 24

disease that is present at or before birth
- example: down syndrome

Question 25

degenerative disease

Answer 25

progressive, irreversible loss of function
- example: Parkinson’s disease

Question 26

nutritional deficiency

Answer 26

impaired body function due to lack of nutrients
- example: scurvy

Question 27

endocrine disease

Answer 27

diseases involving malfunction of glands that release hormones to regulate body functions
- example: hypothyroidism

Question 28

neoplastic disease

Answer 28

abnormal growth (benign or malignant)
- example: some forms of cancer

Question 29

idiopathic disease

Answer 29

disease for which the cause is unknown
- example: idiopathic juxtafoveal retinal telangiectasia

Question 30

incubation period

Answer 30

occurs in an acute disease after initial entry of pathogen into the host
- pathogen begins multiplying

Question 31

prodromal period

Answer 31

pathogen continues to multiply, host begins to experience general s/s of illness

Question 32

period of illness

Answer 32

s/s of disease are most severe

Question 33

period of decline

Answer 33

of pathogen particles begins to decrease, s/s of illness begin to decline

Question 34

period of convalescence

Answer 34

pt generally returns to normal functions, although some disease may inflict permanent damage

Question 35

correct order of periods of disease

Answer 35

1. incubation period
2. prodromal period
3. period of illness
4. period of decline
5. period of convalescence

Question 36

acute disease

Answer 36

pathologic changes occur over relatively short time & involve rapid onset of disease conditions

Question 37

chronic disease

Answer 37

pathologic changes occur over longer time spans

Question 38

latent disease

Answer 38

casual pathogen goes dormant for extended periods of time with no active replication