Ch 3 - Study Points Flashcards
Where does digestion and observation of foods occur?
Digestion and absorption of nutrients in food occur at various sites along the GI tract.
What is the GI tract?
The GI tract is a tube that can be divided into regions: the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum.
What processes are involved during digestion?
Digestion involves both physical processes(e.g., chewing, peristalsis, and segmentation) and chemical processes (e.g., the hydronic action of enzymes).
What is absorption?
Absorption is the movement of molecules across the lining of the GI tract and into circulation.
What are the four mechanisms of nutrient absorption?
Four mechanisms are involved in nutrient absorption: passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, and endocytosis.
What happens in the mouth during digestion?
In the mouth, food is mixed with saliva for lubrication. Salivary amylase begins the digestion of starch.
What happens during digestion in the stomach?
Secretions from the stomach lower the ph of stomach contents and begins digestion of proteins.
How do the pancreas and gallbladder aid in digestion?
The pancreas and gallbladder secrete material into the small
Intestine to help with digestion.
Where do most chemical digestion and nutrient absorption occur?
Most chemical digestion and nutrient
Absorption occur in the small intestine.
Where are electrolytes and water absorbed?
Electrolytes and water are observed from the large intestine. Remaining material, waste, is excreted as feces.
What regulate the GI tract processes?
Both the nervous system and the hormonal system regulate GI tract processes.
What factors regulate the GI tract functioning?
Numerous factors affect GI tract functioning, including psychological, chemical, and bacterial factors.
Problems occurring along the GI tract can affect?
Problems that occur along the GI tract can affect digestion and absorption of nutrients. Dietary changes are important in the treatment of GI disorders.
