Ch. 3 Socialization

Question 1

The entire human environment, including interactions with others

Answer 1

Social environment

Question 2

Children assumed to have been raised by animals, in the wilderness, isolated from humans

Answer 2

Feral children

Question 3

The process by which people learn the characteristics of their group- the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, norms, and actions though appropriate for them

Answer 3

Socialization

Question 4

The unique human capacity of being able to see ourselves “from the outside”; the views we internalize of how we think others see us

Answer 4

Self

Question 5

A term coined by Charles Horton Cooley to refer to the process by which our self develops through internalizing others’ reactions to us

Answer 5

Looking-glass self

Question 6

Putting yourself in someone else’s shoes; understanding how someone else feels and thinks, so you anticipate how that person will act

Answer 6

Taking the role of the other

Question 7

An individual who significantly influences someone else

Answer 7

Significant other

Question 8

The norms, values, attitudes, and expectations of people “in general”; the child’s ability to take the role of the generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self

Answer 8

Generalized other

Question 9

Freud’s term for our inborn basic drives

Answer 9

Id

Question 10

Freud’s term for a balancing force between the id and the demands of society

Answer 10

Ego

Question 11

Freud’s term for the conscience; the internalized norms and values of our social groups

Answer 11

Superego

Question 12

The behaviors and attitudes that a society considers proper for its males and females; masculinity or femininity

Answer 12

Gender

Question 13

Learning society’s “gender map,” the paths in life set out for us because we are male or female

Answer 13

Gender socialization

Question 14

A group of individuals, often of roughly the same age, who are linked by common interests and orientations

Answer 14

Peer group

Question 15

Forms of communication, such as radio, newspapers, and television that are directed to mass audiences

Answer 15

Mass media

Question 16

A social condition in which privileges and obligations are given to some but denied to others

Answer 16

Social inequality

Question 17

People or groups that affect our self concept, attitudes, behaviors, or other orientations toward life

Answer 17

Agents of socialization

Question 18

The intended beneficial consequences of people’s actions

Answer 18

Manifest functions

Question 19

Unintended beneficial consequences of people’s actions

Answer 19

Latent functions

Question 20

The process of learning in advance an anticipated future role or status

Answer 20

Anticipatory socialization

Question 21

The process of learning new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors

Answer 21

Resocialization

Question 22

A place that is almost totally controlled by those who run it, in which people are cut off from the rest of society and the society is mostly cut off from them

Answer 22

Total institution

Question 23

A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone’s self by stripping away that individual’s self-identity and stamping a new indemnity in its place

Answer 23

Degradation ceremony

Question 24

The stages of our life as we go from birth to death

Answer 24

Life course

Question 25

A term that refers to a period following high school when young adults have not yet taken on the responsibilities ordinarily associated with adulthood

Answer 25

Transitional adulthood/adultolescense

Question 26

An emerging stage of the life course between retirement and when people are considered old; about age 65-74

Answer 26

Transitional older years