CH 3 Social Beliefs and Judgments Flashcards
What is priming, and how does it affect judgment?
Exposure to one stimulus unconsciously influences responses to another.
What is confirmation bias, and how does it relate to belief perseverance?
Seeking out information that supports existing beliefs, reinforcing belief perseverance.
What is the overconfidence bias?
The tendency to be more confident than correct, leading to poor decisions.
How do heuristics help us make decisions?
They are mental shortcuts that help us make quick decisions but can also lead to biases.
What is the availability heuristic? Provide an example.
Judging likelihood based on how easily examples come to mind. Example: Thinking shark attacks are common after seeing one on the news.
What is the representativeness heuristic? Provide an example.
Judging someone based on how well they fit a stereotype. Example: Assuming a quiet person is a librarian.
What is counterfactual thinking, and how does it affect emotions?
Imagining alternative outcomes, leading to regret or relief
What is the illusion of control, and why do people fall for it?
Believing we have control over random events, like thinking we can influence luck in gambling.
What is belief perseverance, and how can it be reduced?
Holding onto beliefs despite contrary evidence. It can be reduced by considering alternative perspectives.
What is the self-fulfilling prophecy? Provide an example.
When expectations influence behavior. Example: A teacher expects a student to fail, leading them to perform poorly.
